The ABA: The Rhetoric Has Changed But The Morality Lingers On
Green, Mark
The ABA: The Rhetoric Has Changed but the Morality Lingers On by Mark Green There is in lawyers a political itch, a yearning to do more than polish off an error-free testamentary trust....
...The ABA again took up the problem in 1972 when it created a Special Committee on Automobile Insurance Legislation...
...The brief argued that a union’s prepaid plan was “unauthorized practice...
...The ABA also exerts its influence in less visible ways, especially through its committees and “sections,” which have become a kind of farm system Mark Green is writing a book on lawyers in Washington and editing with Ralph Nader Verdicts on Lawyers...
...As a former ABA president warned during the hunger debate, “If this association starts running all over the lot, we will lose all the reputation that we have gained...
...It requires that “every effort should be made to obtain representation of differing views” in section appointments and that any section members involved in a’ recommendation or report to the House of Delegates should reveal any client interest they have in the issue...
...Their interest in the subject matter is self-evident and fully disclosed...
...People who would have been for it as lawyers were against it as retained counsel...
...mSection on Public Utility LawF. Mark Garlinghouse, AT&T...
...But for whom...
...Robert Muchemore, vice president and general counsel, Mutual of Omaha Insurance...
...Charles Wheeler” of the Oil subcommittee represents Cities Service...
...These decisions compelled the ABA to alter its opposition, and in 1969 it revised its Canons of Ethics, grudgingly...
...Section on Insurance, Negligence, and Compensation Law-G...
...I was just a foil for them...
...9 Committee on Forest ResourcesNorman J. Wiener, GeorgiaPacific...
...Partners in Progress-ABA and AMA Throughout most of its 97-year history, the ABA has shown a sensitivity to social concerns rivaling that of the American Medical Association...
...The resolution opposes admirable efforts by the State Department, in a draft treaty on deep sea resources, to recognize a “common heritage of mankind” in the oil, gas and minerals which technology is beginning to make recoverable from the deep seabed, and to establish a comprehensive international regime for their exploitation which would benefit non-coastal and less-developed coastal nations in addition to coastal nations and highly developed technologies...
...A former Treasury tax legislative counsel and former Tax Section participant has commented: that House floor activity is the only The Tax Section is “business” and not thing that matters, not what Wilbur “charity...
...The stacking was a little too obvious even by ABA standards, and journalists and congressmen soon discredited the report...
...When recommendations were to be made on pending legislation, the existing committees would do the job...
...I committees, shape legislative prothink it should change its character...
...Third, even when it is progressive, the ABA seems to rush in where others already have trod...
...Although ABA President Robert Meserve last year privately confided that he hoped the ABA would take no position on this controversial issue, the association declared itself “opposed to any federal ‘no-fault’ insurance legislation...
...Terry Noble Fiske of the Public Lands and Land Use subcommittee is the lawyer for four associations of contractors and realtors, and his subcommittee’s vice chairman is from a firm representing American Smelting and Refining, Johns-Manville, and Standard Oil of California...
...In its report, sent to the Senate Commerce Committee, it ridiculed consumer class actions as unwise, unnecessary, and inefficient, a burden to the courts and a potential bonanza to plaintiffs’ lawyers...
...At its 1971 annual meeting the ABA recommended “the immediate establishment of a Commission on the Review of the National Policy Toward Gambling” but withdrew from consideration an earlier proposal by chair...
...Not many would agree with him...
...In fact, the ABA House of Delegates has never approved his proposal...
...The ABA: The Rhetoric Has Changed but the Morality Lingers On by Mark Green There is in lawyers a political itch, a yearning to do more than polish off an error-free testamentary trust...
...the Eph Jacobs case helps illustrate how and why...
...Most often it is an impact favoring their private clients, argued Hofstra law professor Stuart Filler, a section member...
...Defenders of Morality . They may hate themselves in the morning, but the lawyers keep resisting the no-fault proposals...
...This can hardly be surprising, given the section’s prior history: it has supported businesses’ right to deduct “treble damage” penalty payments from their taxable income, has opposed legislation to permit government and private suits for damages and injunctions under the Clayton Act, has resisted attempts to raise the maximum fines that can be levied against individuals under the Sherman Antitrust Act, and has tried to defeat legislation that would enlarge the Federal Trade Commission’s rule-making power...
...The most remarkable feature of the ABA story has been its success in promoting this “public service” side of its activities...
...By the mid-1950~~ the association had underwritten McCarthyism by seeking to purge from its profession suspected Communists...
...The association went so far in its opposition as to file an amicus brief in the Supreme Court case of Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia State Bar...
...A second resolution made the same offer on non-fuel minerals...
...Holding high office in the ABA is virtually a prerequisite to an important position in the Treasury or IRS,” says Thomas Field, a former Treasury lawyer who now directs a public interest tax group, Taxation with Representation...
...The attorneys were pressured by their corporate clients to vote against it...
...One member of the Tuesday Group was attorney Arthur Seidel, from a Milwaukee corporate law firm whose clients (like Dupont and General Electric) had a keen interest in seeing the Scott Amendments passed...
...As we glance about the public landscape, the ABA’s prominence is apparent...
...So was the current IRS commissioner, Donald Alexander...
...The ABA will take up issues like “law explorer posts” for the Boy Scouts, firearms control, and even marijuana, but not the distribution of wealth and income or high legal fees or dilatory practices by law firms or the anti-competitive structure of American industry...
...Hat Trick Another example of the conflictofinterest problem is in the Section on Patent, Trademark and Copyright Law...
...Most of its $16 million staff budget supports projects for minority law students, prison reform, legal rights for the mentally disabled...
...Those who have watched the Grocery Manufacturers of America struggle to defeat food adulteration legislation will not be astounded by the ABA’s illustration of how public service and self-service do not always overlap...
...There have been some attempts to democratize the Antitrust section...
...Within the section’s Patent division is a small clique called “the Tuesday C;roup...
...it is pretty hard to find a group less concerned with serving society and more concerned with serving themselves than the lawyers...
...Still, the ABA is no mere American Petroleum Institute...
...Occasionally, the association has acted affirmatively to create balance, as it did in 1970, when forming a Special Committee on Environmental Law with representatives from both industry and environmental lawyers...
...He offers, instead, his own Patent Section’s bill, which he presents as “the ABA bill...
...today even though in less crude fashion than in the good old days...
...The ABA and the American Patent Law Association,” said a Senate Antitrust subcommittee lawyer, “are the two groups consistently throwing monkey wrenches into all serious efforts to reform the patent system...
...The corporate pension issue is an example...
...Cognizant of the lawyers’ role as midwife to new government projects, the section offered to “tender [the ABA’s] good offices” to be the appropriate bodies for the “drafting and implementation of legislation designed to maximize supplies of energy...
...First, ABA members appear far less concerned with issues like presidential succession than with no-fault auto insurance or pension plans for professional corporations...
...It is “guided by a desire to serve the country and not itself” claimed Leon Jaworski in 1971 when he was ABA president...
...The Antitrust Section’s bottlers position so surprised one skeptical Judiciary Committee lawyer that he only half-jokingly speculated, “Maybe one reason they opposed it was that they were getting fees from that litigation...
...But it has not taken the big step-moving away from a fretful concern with its own well-being to a serious exploration of how it could use its power to advance the cause of justice and legal equity...
...In Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen and three other cases, the Supreme Court held that prepaid legal plans gave certain groups access to the courts and therefore was part of the constitutional right of assembly and speech...
...Recently the lawyers have mellowed as they have contemplated the experience of their medical colleagues...
...When the squeeze is on, the ABA will sacrifice subtlety and good name to protect those interests vital to its lawyers or their major clients...
...In response to criticism, Bert Early, the ABA’s executive director, stresses the ABA’s commitment to further justice in America...
...So, in 1969, the ABA’s House of Delegates came out against no-fault and for the “fault” system because of “the moral values which underlie the almost instinctive feeling that persons guilty of wrongful conduct” should pay -this despite the fact that it is not the wrongdoer who pays in an accident, but his or her insurance company...
...It would preserve for American sovereignty, and thus for American corporations, resources of the socalled “continental margins” extending beyond the continental shelf hundreds of miles out to sea, under an elastic “exploitability” clause-claimed to be a recognized principle of international law of the sea...
...Like Britain struggling to maintain its empire, the ABA has been forced to do silly things to defend its professional preserve...
...It does not promise to reward the obedient with campaign gifts or punish the wayward with a loss of votes...
...Yet it is still difficult to confuse the ABA with Common Cause...
...Rising Above Self-Interest The Tax Section is clearly one of the ABA‘s most influential units...
...The procedures for running the organization are undemocratic and are geared so as to make it almost impossible for individuals with contrary views to be heard and gain acceptance for their position...
...It’s clearly easier to mobilize the bar on a bread-andbutter issue like this than on public interest issues,” admits John Tracey of the ABA’s Washington office...
...On the pending copyright issues, the proprietary interests always prevail, he said...
...Bowes has shown some irritation at public criticism of his patent advocacy...
...Comprising the section’s eight-person ruling council is an Oklahoma law professor, three attorneys from firms representing Humble Oil, Kaiser Steel, and other gas and oil companies, and four corporate general counsels from Marathon, Humble, Shell, and Texaco...
...In the early 1960s it feared such plans would undermine the feeforservice system, the fiscal basis of the profession...
...In so doing, the association has repaired its traditional obstructionist image and shown itself to be more than merely twisters of pretzels...
...Consider the ABA sections...
...Why...
...For the past two decades the ABA has shown itself adept at the politics of self-interest...
...Section on Antitrust LawThomas M. Scanlon, IBM and Shell Oil...
...Smith referred to a conflictof-interest resolution passed by the ABA’s Board of Governors in August, 1972...
...For years lawyers had debated the question of how much money a taxpayer should be able to deduct as a contribution toward a taxdeferred pension plan...
...As chairman of the Patent Section’s committee dealing with the Scott Amendments, he urged his fellow committee members to lobby for the measure...
...Occasionally this devotion to clients can lift Tax Section members above even the imperatives of selfinterest...
...Jacobs and his colleagues decided not to launch an all-out fight for this largely honorific post, but they came to understand who was running the antitrust show...
...Asbill [the recent section chairman] asked whether the Committee might be helpful to the Treasury”) to the “Status of Proposed Revenue Ruling on Prepayment of Feed Expenses” (“The Treasury would be interested in participating in the meeting of the section’s committee on agricultural problems with the IRS on its drafts on a ruling re prepayment of feed expenses”) to a final discussion of “The Federal Advisory Committee Act” (“it would be disastrous if the Treasury could not get reactions and intelligence [from these meetings] without public meetings...
...In the end, Hochberg was rebuffed...
...The ABA has exhibited a similar distaste for prepaid legal insurance plans...
...But Jacobs was also a lawyer for plaintiffs in an antitrust case that challenged some of the major drug companies...
...Here are recent chairmen, with their major clients, of eight ABA sections and subcommit tees: Committee on Aviation-Harold L. Russell, Eastern Airlines...
...It was a change long overdue-and short-lived, for in 1972 the section’s leadership casually appointed two new “special committees” to evaluate the two most controversial antitrust issues of the year: Senator Philip Hart’s industrial deconcentration bill and Senator John Tunney’s antitrust consent decree bill...
...The ABA’s position was, in addition, unconstitutional...
...It regularly sits down with Treasury officials and congressional leaders to convey its opinions on pressing tax problems...
...This resolution was produced, notes Adler, by a Marine Resources subcommittee whose chairman represents Chevron and whose predecessor was a lobbyist for the American Petroleum Institute...
...The group first drafted the “ Scott Amendment s”-proposals which would legalize many patent practices now prohibited under the antitrust laws-and then convinced Senator Hugh Scott to introduce the package to Congress...
...And soliciting for business, continued the ABA, “would be intolerable...
...Assault Beneath the Seas The subcommittees comprising the Natural Resources Section are headed by lawyers whose clients read like a Sierra Club enemies list...
...The chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, Roy Garrett, once directed the ABA’s section on Corporation, Banking, and Business Law...
...It condoned prepaid legal service groups but stipulated that their plans had to be non-profit and incidental to a group with a different primary purpose...
...They very rarely take off their client hats as members of the ABA,” he said...
...opposing the Consumer Credit Labeling Act, the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, and citizen suits to help en force environmental quality standards...
...And what are we to make of the following activities undertaken in the past 20 years: continuing the struggle for improved tax benefits for self-employed people (like lawyers) which, judging by the emphasis in the ABA’s Washington newsletter, was the major legislative issue of the 60s...
...Bans on soliciting and advertising, along with rules discouraging price competition, keep the victims ignorant of, and priced out of, their legal rights...
...The present chairman of the Patent Section is Theodore Bowes, former member of the Tuesday Group, former general patent counsel at Westinghouse Electric, and presently executive director of Intellectual Property Owners, Inc., (IPO), a group which objects to the “whittl[ingl away at the rights of patent owners...
...The deliberations of the Tax Section clearly have an impact beyond that of the usual private association...
...And fourth, despite occasional decorous advocacy for often wellmeaning policies, the ABA is careful not to challenge the interests of lawyers or their corporate clients...
...Committee on Railroads-James N. Ogden, vice president and general counsel, Gulf Mobile and Ohio Railroad Co...
...It does so follow their lead...
...Nothing in the Scott Amendments,” he has said, “was intended to or would expand the patent monopoly, as even a casual reading would make plain...
...Yes, the ABA is that...
...Another earlier ABA head, Charles Rhyne, represents Rose Mary Woods, while the current ABA president, Chesterfield Smith, leads a public outcry against Richard Nixon’s lawlessness...
...The first noted that there would be a serious energy crisis and urged Congress to undertake longrange planning...
...Crash litigation is a nuisance to everyone except lawyers, for whom it produces 25 per cent of the gross legal product...
...In all, section chairman Julian von Kalinowski appointed seven special committees, leading one reformminded member of the section, Gerald Kandler, to lament that his “worst fears about special committees have been confirmed, since the members appointed to serve all appear to be from the so-called ‘establishment’ of the section and clearly do not represent a cross-section of the 7,500 duespaying members...
...Meserve stoutly argued his group’s position, but with more than a little defensiveness...
...William Forman, chairman of the Hard Minerals subcommittee, represents Anaconda Copper and U. S. Gypsum...
...between the public and private sectors displayed at these sessions is extraordinary, but it is not rare...
...These conflicts are not merely theoretical, as a focus on four ABA sections reveals: Hart At tack ~ In 1969 the ABA’s 7,500-member Antitrust Section created a “Special Committee on Consumer Legislation” to analyze pending legislation which would permit consumer class-action suits...
...But perhaps the ABA couldn’t really help itself on no-fault and prepaidthese were issues where all the laws of self-preservation were pushing one way...
...Its importance was explained by Jonathan Adler, an environmental lawyer from California: The final resolution is an insidious combination of motherhood, apple-pie and an audacious attempt at such a massive raid on the resources of the international seabed beyond the territorial limit that it prompted three dissents from members of the section’s marine resources committee...
...Former government antitrust lawyer and section member Jerome Hochberg wrote Antitrust Section chairman Fred Rowe after the class action report was released: For too many years this Section and the Association as a whole have been run by a clique of attorneys who represent entrenched interests in the various communities across the United States without regard to the views or concerns of other attorneys, both members and non-members...
...It goes posals with their ‘‘expert” hands so without saying that it should not be used to that their respective Houses often just further narrow interests of clients...
...In addition, sections ABA president Chesterfield Smith disagrees that self-dealing is a problem...
...This is hardly unusual for a trade association, but that is precisely what the ABA insists it is not...
...The Nixon Administration’s first commissioner of Internal Revenue, Randolph Thrower, was a former chairman of the ABA’s Tax Section...
...The committee exercised its critical faculties with relish...
...The committee’s composition gave a hint of the care and objectivity likely to go into developing the ABA’s position...
...in general this would have restricted corporate pensions and aided lawyers...
...But there is more to the picture than contributing professional talents to the cause of good government...
...As a result, one has come to expect it to be largely a procedural technician on issues of law enforcement or an advocate of lawyers’ benefits, but not an innovator for social justice...
...The rule would mean, in essence, “you can keep not only what you can get but everything landward as well...
...This instinct especially infects the American Bar Association (ABA), that conglomeration of 170,000 lawyers which seeks to imprint its influence on public affairs...
...A defense lawyer for one of the drug firms, who was sitting on the Antitrust Section body choosing nominees for the House of Delegates post, eliminated Jacobs from consideration...
...But judging by the one-sidedness described in the no-fault, patent, antitrust, natural resources, and tax situations, as well as by the nondisclosure of client interests, the ABA resolution seems a paper tiger...
...A former member of the section’s copyright division complained that “if people ever wear two hats, they were it [sic] there...
...Among the doubters are 40 law professors (who sent a petition to the Senate subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights), former ABA president Bernard Segal, Senator Philip Hart, and former Justice Department antitrust chief Richard McLaren-all of whom understood that expansion of the patent monopoly is precisely what the Scott Amendments intend...
...In a private letter to Hart, McLaren warned of the ongoing antitrust cases which would have to be dropped if the bill became law...
...these included the prominent patent case, United States v. WestinghouseMitsubishi, a. case that could not have escaped Bowes’ attention, given his past position with Westinghouse...
...Patent reformers on Capitol Hill are not pleased with his versatility...
...Section cannot be said to be fulfdling any to the pubfic-I don’t it has For ABA sections, like congressional even recognized such an obligation...
...Committee on Environmental Controls-Evans Brasfield, Humble Oil and General Motors...
...Thus, it adds a dash of good works to its defense of the status quo, and it has the good sense to elect leaders, like Bernard Segal, Robert Meserve, and Chesterfield Smith, who are more liberal and sensitive than the membership itself...
...In 1973 the Natural Resources Section sent the ABA House of Delegates a package of four complicated resolutions...
...Section on Natural Resources Law-Northcutt Ely, Gulf Oil...
...Ultimately the most discernible common cause of the ABA is the needs of its lawyers and those clients whose interests they regularly attend...
...For one memorable period in 197 1-1 972, the two federal officials in charge of the nation’s antitrust policy-Miles Kirkpatrick, chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, and Richard McLaren, head of the Justice Department’s Antitrust division-were former chairmen of the ABA’s Antitrust Section...
...Then of course, there were the reforms of the 1973 convention...
...man Sam Dash’s Criminal Law Section for a Presidential Commission on White Collar Crime...
...In a memorable display of institutional loyalty, Meserve then became the Association’s major witness against Senator Philip Hart’s national no-fault plan...
...It is true that the ABA has in the past decade supported proposals like OEO Legal Services, the Freedom of Information Act, and the 25th Amendment providing for presidential disability...
...This member, essentially the only representative of user interests, eventually quit...
...Of the major movements of the past decade-civil rights, consumer, antiwar, women-in none has the ABA played a leading or serious role...
...The ABA’s sections condemn consumer class actions because they will (allegedly) clog the courts, but they do not condemn auto negligence cases which do clog the courts...
...This is not a matter of lawyer protection,” he said, “it is a matter of client protection...
...Perhaps this was because all nine members of this special committee were corporate defense lawyers who had been handpicked by section chairman Frederick Rowe, general counsel sf the Grocery Manufacturers of America and a name partner in the large corporate law firm of Kirkland, Ellis, and Rowe...
...This education of Senators does not seem to be within the purview of our committee, but I trust many of you can devote some personal efforts along such lines,” he wrote in a memorandum...
...mfighting proposals to cut legal fees at HUD mortgage closings and to eliminate lawyers altogether at bankruptcy proceedings...
...The Sections only recommend to the House...
...The ABA is now moving toward cautious support of some prepaid plans and hopes to resolve the issue at its February, 1974, meeting...
...On the other hand, the section has risen at least twice above its normal behavior, once to oppose a plan to exempt joint newspaper publishing ventures from antitrust provisions, and once to urge the Senate Judiciary Committee to withhold action on a bill that would have exempted soft drink bottlers from antitrust enforcement...
...What it did not mention was the financial stake that defendants’ lawyers and their clients had in the issue...
...Thomas Field, the former Treasury lawyer, aacstkio nsw hhaedt hbeere n spcrroepeonseedd byT trheea sTuaryx the battle was not to be won...
...The fourth resolution had to do with control of the international seabed...
...They had an advance veto Rushing In Where 0t hers Tread on proposals,” said Field...
...It is not really surprising that the Mills and that committee of his do...
...But even when the pressure is not so great, the ABA has been strikingly consistent in its preference for doing well rather than doing good...
...Here Congress and the ABA have much in common: each is a bulky body which has delegated policy-making responsibility to smaller, more specialized committees...
...Ephraim Jacobs is a highly respected Washington lawyer who was in line to become the Antitrust Section’s representative to the ABA House of Delegates...
...Had I concluded that the Section and the ABA were menable to change, I think I within...
...All 10 people who have served on the committee have been engaged in and collecting fees from auto negligence cases, the very type of litigation they have been asked to consider abolishing...
...this “deprives the individual of his freedom to choose his own attorney”-a point which neglects the reality that the “freedom to choose” is worthless for those who can’t afford a lawyer...
...I concluded, erroneously I hope, that recalls that his boss invariably used to have continued to burrow from Section...
...The special committees studying the Tunney and Hart proposals both recommended against the legislation...
...But beneath the haze of reform, the ABA is still often one more association looking out for its own...
...Inspiring this point of view were some of the ABA’s more progressive resolutions, such as those recommending decriminalization of marijuana use and adult sex offenses, and exhortations by Chesterfield Smith, the ABA’s new president, on legal reform generally...
...Westinghouse, the Tuesday Group, IPO, the ABA, the Patent SectionTed Bowes is a man of many hats...
...Thus have “ethical” rules been deployed to enhance professional income...
...The lawyers all represent proprietary interests, not the interests of users...
...Two decades ago the AMA was calling prepaid health insurance socialistic, but today Blue Cross and Blue Shield, not to mention the pot of gold called Medicare, provide the medical profession with much of its lucrative income...
...During the 1930s, the ABA argued that the government had no constitutional right to regulate commercial production and opposed proposals ranging from child labor laws to minimum wage provisions...
...This is really no more persuasive than Carl Albert insisting often deal directly with congressional committees, despite an ABA policy against doing so...
...Perhaps the most provocative aspect of the ABA’s traditional Social Darwinism is how quickly and thoroughly this impression has been erased from the public mind...
...But this was ovenvhelmingly defeated on the floor of the Tax Section,” recalls Filler...
...for government jobs...
...mpromoting a bill to remove the ceilings on legal fees in federal departments...
...Second, for every time the ABA’s hands and feet patter progressively, it will also refuse to support the Genocide Convention, to oppose the Vietnam war, or to declare against hunger because these issues are considered “not germane” to the ABA’s mandate...
...At the ABA convention last summer in Washington, D. C., the lawyers were congratulated not only by themselves (this is not uncommon), but also by The New York Times, which ran an editorial urging legal reformers to work from inside the ABA rather than to undermine it...
...And for what...
...A freshly chastised Antitrust Section shortly thereafter did adopt a new policy against the establishment of such ad hoc committees...
...In the 1920s, the ABA attacked the Sherman Antitrust Act as “unsound [and] uncertain,” and condemned the income tax amendment as an “encroachment on private wealth...
...Smith went on to insist that, anyway, “no policy is a policy of the American Bar Association until it has been adopted by the House of Delegates...
...Bowes has personally lobbied on Capitol Hill to delay action on the Hart and Administration reform proposals...
...Hochberg suggested a variety of reforms, and even got the section chairman to begin circulating a quarterly report to the members...
...Prominent and visible...
...Unfortunately the parallels do not stop there...
...Was it sheer self-sacrifice, then, that led the ABA in 1955 to recommend limiting federal income tax rates to 25 per cent so as “to end confiscatory federal taxation...
...Because the union would be picking attorneys for its clients...
...A third recommended that the government vigorously protect the contract and property rights of investors who have placed their money overseas...
...Special Prosecutor Leon Jaworski is a former president of the ABA, as is one of the men he may appear before, Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell...
...Just as many members of the House Banking Committee, for example, have significant fmancial holdings, so the ABA sections are marred by systematic conflicts of interest...
...A section is financed by its own dues and all work is done by individuals who, of their own volition, band together to further a common purpose,” he said...
...On May 21, 1973, for example, nine leaders of the Tax Section met with 10 Treasury representatives to cover an agenda of 15 tax issues.* The obvious intimacy * As summarized by a Tax Section memorandum, the subjects ranged from “Suits to Compel Action by the Treasury or Internal Revenue Service” (“Mr...
...The tax code has traditionally treated the selfemployed (like lawyers) more strictly than corporate officials in this matter, Recently one Tax Section subcommittee proposed a plan that would equalize the benefits by imposing a ceiling of ’$10,000 for pension-plan deductions...
...Consider, for the most obvious examples, the ABA positions on the two most critical issues challenging the existing structure and income of the legal profession today-no-fault auto insurance and pre-paid legal services...
...Fred Rodell, the rakish and scatological Yale law professor, has written that “while law is supposed to be a device to serve society...
Vol. 5 • January 1974 • No. 11
