Survival Networks: Staying in Washington
Lemann, Nicholas
Survival Networks: Staying in Washington by Nicholas Lemann In 1962 Coates Redmon was in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and not a bit happy about it. Her husband Hayes was teaching Russian...
...The Business is sprawling...
...Hatch said the workshop was starting a new series on health and sent Coates to see its director, Bill Kobin...
...Robert 0. Anderson, the ARC0 tycoon, dispenses others at his Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies, where distinguished men with titles like Director of Humanism and the Commonweal talk and write about such themes as From Independence to Interdependence...
...Part of it is the natural desire (in Washington) to become restless after a couple of years...
...You want to be reasonable, he said...
...The time is coming, a year and a half into their new jobs, to start thinking about what comes nextabout how to survive...
...In 1965, when Shriver left the Peace Corps, his successor, Jack Vaughn, told her to keep on doing what she had done all along, writing the annual report...
...The job was stimulating but Coates’ heart was in Washington...
...During the transition Onek worked partly with Stu Eizenstat and partly with Joe Califano, just appointed secretary of HEW...
...When the Ford Foundation would become itchy about its funding of the Center, Califano would sometimes step in and call Mac Bundy at the foundation (who, remember, had given Califano a fellowship after working in the White House with him) and save the day...
...Visible within government, though invisible in the press...
...It includes t h e economist at the Brookings Institution who understands federal budgeting, the tax lawyer who knows who to see at the IRS about an exemption, the PR man who knows every reporter in town, the university president who knows how to shake grant money loose from HEW, and (its most familiar practitioner) the lobbyist who can call his old friend the assistant secretary and ask a favor...
...Onek took the place of a Yale classmate who was going to clerk on the Supreme Court...
...When Moyers left the White House in 1967 Hayes Redmon could hardly stay on, so the Redmons soon moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Hayes took a job as assistant to Edwin Land at Polaroid...
...Part is that working for Jimmy Carter is fast losing its luster...
...Usually it’s some sort of break that brings them here-a chance meeting, a good score on the civil Answers to lasr month’s puzzle...
...to a partnership in a law firm...
...One White House aide, not Onek, asked how you build a reputation that will insure your survival, started to list adjectives...
...That was the greatest thing I ever heard of,” she says now...
...She had met him years earlier, in New York, when they had collaborated on a couple of projects while she was working at Glamour magazine...
...Yarmolinsky was running the fellowship program at the Kennedy Institute of Politics at Harvard, and he asked Coates to come and help him parttime...
...Onek said sure he would...
...In that place, there are some networks where everyone is simonpure and thinks only about doing the job at hand, never about what will come next...
...to the head of a foundation having to do with education...
...In his early thirties he had held the best domestic policy job in the Johnson Administration, at the President’s right hand...
...There are cause networks made up of people who came to Washington to work for a cause and stayed on after the cause ended-like the network of Bobby Kennedy’s Get-Hoffa Squad or Arnold Miller’s Miners for Democracy...
...There are networks of the proteges of powerful people, like the network of Theodore Hesburgh, president of Notre Dame, or of Chester Bowles, the former undersecretary of State, or of Robert Strauss, President Carter’s special trade representative...
...When Clark Clifford calls the White House you’ll probably call back, not because you want to work for his law firm but because he’s just a long-standing part of Washington, somebody you’d like to know...
...There were many other things she would rather have been doing, but one that especially caught her eye was the Peace Corps, which had been set up the year before...
...Most adept of all at the art of survival are the political appointees at the top of government...
...Civil servants have tenure and survival is easiest for them, but still they have budget cuts to fear, so the high-ranking among them make sure to provide the President with programs and congressmen with constituent services...
...Toughminded...
...People you have a professional relationship with...
...Her husband Hayes was teaching Russian history at the Air Force Academy, which was a good step in his career...
...service test, a successful political campaign, friends, family, money...
...because Washington offers more opportunity for quick advancement than do most American cities...
...But already that is beginning to change...
...Onek went there from Kennedy’s subcommittee, and by 1976, five years later, he was running the firm...
...In an outfit like the Peace Corps most people had come in through some personal contact and were thus trained to be on the lookout for more...
...So when he recently tried (unsuccessfully) to win his old seat back, all Washington backed the incumbent, a responsible young man named Nick Joe Rahall...
...She would call other members of her networkpeople like Joe Califano in the White House or Bob Wood at HUD...
...to an education-policy job in the White House...
...As a result they’re one degree blander, one degree more technocratic, than they might otherwise be-and so, therefore, is the federal government...
...And indeed, although j o b s e n d , elections are lost, and agency budgets are sometimes cut, almost nobody ever has to leave Washington and go back home...
...Coates’ heart leapt when she heard Peace Corps...
...and the subcommittee’s chief counsel, Jim Flug, was a member of two of Onek’s networksthey had gone to Harvard together and had both been clerks for Bazelon...
...You have to prove your ability to do valuable work, and you have to establish the network of contacts that will see you through the coming years...
...In the simplest formulation, you might give access to those who can help you survive in the future...
...For his part, Onek decided after the transition to stay with the Eizenstat operation and moved on to the White House staff as an associate director of the dometic policy staff for health issues...
...There he did very well-well enough to become one of the top editors of the law review, which in turn was enough of a credential to get him a clerkship with Judge David Bazelon of the District of Columbia Circuit Court and then one with Justice William Brennan of the Supreme Court...
...It helped, but it wasn’t necessary...
...People who have been in the federal government can sell this knowledge to the rest of the country...
...Son of a Chicago tycoon, a man who could be doing any one of a hundred important things right now, Heineman had been a Rhodes Scholar, gone to Yale Law School, and eventually had come to be Califano’s closest aide...
...The organization had lost its founder and patron, and as a result it also lost its brightest star...
...people in Coates’ generation thought about getting back in...
...But for the most part, survivors who leave government go into The Businessthe access business, where you make a living by marketing your knowledge of the people and the processes of the federal government...
...Nelson said yes, Moyers was that great, and that in fact Moyers and his wife were giving him a going-away party because he had been inducted and why didn’t the Redmons come...
...Most of them had shied away from Jimmy Carter for too long, had wanted jobs slightly out of their reach, and hadn’t had the freedom to drop everything and join the campaign or the transition as Coates had...
...What isn’t so well known is that that ethic exists for politicians and bureaucrats and political appointees too...
...First of all, you’ll stay in touch with your community-the cluster ofgroups that have to do with your job, not only the businesses but the foundations and the trade press and the think tanks...
...She said sure, she’d do it, and ended up staying for five weeks...
...Onek and t h e o t h e r associate directors-bright, ambitious people in their early to mid-30s-are just where they want to be right now, right at the center of things, their lives for the most part unbroken strings of successes to date...
...There’s a sense,” says one person high up in the government, “that the people and issues you deal with are all part of a world that you want to remain a part of...
...Just About Everybody That time, the late summer and early fall of 1976, was important for just about everybody playing the Washington survival game...
...He had written two books, one on World Youth and the other on The Presidency...
...Just about everybody had a network, often several...
...Coates would be perfect because she was a proven writer and she knew Washington...
...and they in turn help the bureaucrats and private lobbyists survive by listening to their entreaties...
...Reputation is even more subtly managed than contacts, and probably even more important to the way government works...
...He had had some key prestige clients, such as The Washington Post, Daniel Schorr, and the Democratic National Committee...
...Almost all of the rest of the old Peace Corps crowd made some play for a job that never quite panned out...
...The result is that although Washington is supposed to be a city where power is carefully balanced between groups with contradictory interests, in fact it’s a place with a strong sense of shared enterprise, a place where every person you deal with is someone who is either helping you survive now or might conceivably later on...
...By 1976 nobody Coates knew from the Peace Corps was away from the world of Washington, and some of them had been saved and eased into comfortable niches by their friends despite severe problems, alcoholism or utter incompetence in a job...
...There are people who manage to survive forever in the appointive ranks of government, like Frank Carlucci (director of the Office of Economic Opportunity, deputy director of the Office of Management and Budget, undersecretary of HEW, and ambassador to Portugal under Nixon...
...Expert, Tolerant...
...Some had college presidencies...
...Onek had stayed pretty clear of the campaign, but the network nonetheless reached out for him...
...Survival Networks: Staying in Washington by Nicholas Lemann In 1962 Coates Redmon was in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and not a bit happy about it...
...A victory for one is a victory for all-one member’s success puts him in a position to help the others more...
...Moyers left right away to become Johnson’s righthand man in the White House-and brought with him as his top assistant, to everyone’s surprise, Hayes Redmon from the Pentagon rather than anyone from the Peace Corps...
...During that time she was able to repay in a small way some of the people who had helped her survive by working up job files on them...
...It’s done by making contacts, by building a reputation, by establishing a network in which the unstated ethic is one of mutual protection...
...She had to find a way to live right away...
...That experience has given me a sense of how Washington works...
...There are, for instance, networks built around almost every senator’s office in Washington and around every major law school...
...John Anderson, the prominent liberal Republican from Illinois, faced a tough primary campaign this year, Rep...
...He said he was now working at the Peace Corps as assistant to Bill Moyers, the already celebratedly bright and charming protege of Lyndon Johnson’s who was then the Peace Corps’ deputy director...
...Few of these people went to work for the Carter primary campaign, but a group of them hopped aboard after it became clear Carter would be the Democratic nominee and spent the summer and fall working on issues in Atlanta...
...Coates was hired, saved by the Peace Corps network...
...Writing the annual report was the main skill by which she was to survive in the Peace Corps...
...Why grant access...
...These networks will be the most important element in all the future jobs they get...
...In his law firm he had surrounded himself with the brightest young legal talent in the country...
...Meanwhile another friend from Harvard, who had also gone to Yale Law School and clerked on the D.C...
...I wanted to come and be a part of it...
...Responsible...
...Irresponsible...
...They were in business (but liberal business), labor unions, Capitol Hill offices, journalism-but all were still around and had survived on the strength of who they knew and what they knew...
...Most people in Washington know they will live on on the strengths of their contacts and their reputation, so as they go about their jobs they naturally build up their strengths in those two areas...
...They help each other out in times of no jobs...
...They come because of a specific job...
...The competition for best survivor, junior division, was harder to judge, but certainly a leading candidate for the honor was Ben Heineman Jr., Califano’s young executive assistant...
...After that he went into The Business, but somehow he managed both to make more money at it than anyone else and to keep his publicaffairs image impeccable...
...Jack Kemp, the prominent conservative Republican from New York, went out to campaign for him-their survival bond was far stronger than their ideological differences...
...bureaucrats had to worry about what a new President would try to do to them...
...Among many other tries, she asked Professor Richard Neustadt, part of her new network at the Kennedy Institute, to get her an appointment with someone at the Ford Foundation...
...One day, by chance, her husband happened to be given the assignment of showing a visiting colonel from the Pentagon around the Academy...
...Oh,” she said, “you’re working for the wonder boy of Washington...
...Who do you answer...
...Coates gave out some of these at the Kennedy Institute...
...Circuit, Charles Halpern, had founded the Center for Law and Social Policy, a public interest law firm respectable enough to be funded by the Ford Foundation...
...Suddenly Very Serious Three years later, the process of survival, which until then had been pleasantly haphazard for Coates, became suddenly very serious...
...The Redmons couldn’t have known it then, but bumping into Dick Nelson that day at Hechinger’s would change both their lives...
...They were on opposite sides of an issue sometimes and on the same side sometimes...
...Few people got by worse and a lot got by better...
...Onek is from the Forest Hills section of Queens (no network potential there...
...They arrived in the fall of ‘62, not knowing a soul...
...The atmosphere, at any rate, is one that has made some badly needed qualities-strong dissent, for instance, or ideological passionlargely absent from federal policy...
...Califano had been a staunch friend of the Center for Law and Social Policy...
...The ability to move events...
...Look where each is now...
...Do you know Bob Hatch...
...He was at the Children’s Television Workshop...
...I tried to find out who those guys were and what they did...
...People remember that kind of thing...
...Part is that the associate directors are approaching that key age where you ought really to shift from a staff job to a line job, iike an assistant secretaryship...
...Second, and more broadly, there’s that pan-Washington sense of shared enterprise...
...People in the world of public affairs would apply for the fellowships, and Coates would know how to find out how good, how promising, each applicant really was...
...There was a new project starting up at public TV, he said, sort of a quiz show for eggheads, and they needed somebody with Coates’ special skill, someone who really knew Washington and could line up the right guests...
...Some ran foundations...
...to the head of a university...
...An assistant secretary in the education branch of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, for instance, might go from there to a higher post in the department...
...The ability to compromise...
...Is he really that great...
...It worked very well, and Coates stayed for a year and a half, until mid-1969, when she left to have a baby...
...Since the average tenure of assistant secretaries is now less than two years, it’s not too much to say that a prudent one must go about building all these bridges almost from the moment he takes office...
...and because they want to be at the center of things, to ride the crest of the wave...
...Through the Peace Corps network she got ajob with Senator Charles Percy, and some months after that ended she got a call from Bob Hatch in New York...
...Some of those who haven’t been able to work out the next job yet when they leave government are given the opportunity to spend a year decompressing and thinking and looking around on a fellowship...
...When the second clerkship ended Onek went to work for Senator Edward Kennedy’s Administrative Practices Subcommittee (working for Kennedy is one of the best survival jobs on Capitol Hill...
...People in Congress had to run...
...that they will remain his sources...
...or to a high position at an interest group like the American Council on Education...
...Meanwhile another member of the network, Mary Hoyt, who had shared an office with Coates at the Peace Corps, had run a PR business with some Peace Corps alumni, and had developed the sui generis talent of handling PR for the wives of important politicians, had surfaced as Rosalynn Carter’s press secretary...
...Who Do You Answer?’ Anybody with an important job in government deals constantly with two facts of life: that more people want to make contact with him than he has time for, and that he has a built-in constituency of interest groups that he must deal with...
...She went to work there in September 1976again, courtesy of the network...
...and the group was made up of hard-working, like-minded people who didn’t need any prodding to form close friendships...
...Even if the elected don’t survive at the polls, of course, they can and almost always do stay in Washington, usually as lobbyists-in fact, it’s partly by building up a survival network among both fellow elected officials and lobbyists that they can assure their futures in Washington...
...others are working for Senator Henry Jackson and, when he was still there, Senator Walter Mondale...
...At the same time, there was intense job-hunting activity on many other levels...
...Drop Everything Coates was happily at work on the TV show one day in November 1976 when she got a call from Mitzi Wertheim, yet another network member from the Peace Corps...
...Across the store Coates happened to see Dick Nelson, a young man who had been editor of the Princeton humor magazine, the Tiger...
...Emotional...
...How Washington really works is still largely a mystery to the rest of America-and an important one, since Washington affects the lives of most people and institutions...
...She went right downstairs to a phone booth and called Hatch, and he said to come on over...
...In a first job in Washington, there are certain requirements for survival that don’t exist later on...
...Not many people of integrity will make a decision based solely on the expectation of a future favor...
...Where is he...
...Survival networks, of course, exist everywhere, and everywhere they help shape the communities they’re in...
...Sure, said Coates, I used to work for him...
...At the Peace Corps, especially, the sorrow was great...
...The most remarked-upon case in point is the reporter who accords his sources kidglove treatment so...
...Staffers on the Hill...
...It was the watershed after which everything began to flow in a different direction...
...Some had ambassadorships...
...McGeorge Bundy at the Ford Foundation gave special one-year grants to some of Bobby Kennedy’s closest staff after he was assassinated, people like Peter Edelman and Adam Walinsky, and a year later, to balance the ticket, Johnson aides like Califano and Walt Rostow got them too...
...I come back to my office and there are 20 phone messages on my desk and I don’t have time to return them all...
...For Coates, finding some real work to do-making herself indispensablewas harder...
...On the one hand it was a lowly job, handling the paperwork and the details for the too-busy Yarmolinsky, but on the other it really required someone who had what was by now one of Coates’ special skills: knowledge of Washington...
...Better Than Anyone By this time it was clear who of the Kennedy-Johnson-era people was going to survive really well and who wasn’t, and Califano had to be accorded the honor of having survived better than anyone in Washington...
...Even those who don’t mind leaving the city itself are loath to leave Washington in the figurative sensethat is, the world of public affairs, be it here or at the Council on Foreign Relations or the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy or the RAND Corporation or The Atlantic Monthlv...
...They went-the next week, to a small dinner at the Moyers’, where Coates emphatically let it be known that she was interested in working at the Peace Corps...
...These people were helping Coates do herjob, and she was giving them a chance to do a favor for some of their bright young acquaintances...
...After Carter was elected there was a second wave of domestic-policy hiring, and that wave included Joseph Onek...
...Thus White House staff members, GS-16s, and corporate lobbyists alike are reluctant to do anything that will mark them as apart from the shared enterprise, because that might mean their non-survival...
...Options are starting to close down...
...If they stopped talking to him, he’d be out of a job...
...The same deep understanding that makes it hard for you to believe that your cousin who’s a lush should be fired also makes it hard for you to condemn your friend Henry Kissinger with the vociferousness he deserves...
...If you were, like Coates, a woman, widowed, from the middle levels of government, you got by okay...
...One day Hoyt said to Coates, “Give me your resume and give it to me fast,” and shortly thereafter she called back and offered Coates a job in the White House as “East Wing Writer...
...It was one of those moments in life of unexpected opportunity...
...He had also worked with Onek at the Center for Law and Social Policy, which had become quite a network of its own, sending half a dozen others into high government jobs in the Carter Administration...
...In that atmosphere of resumes you throw your own into the pile, which Coates did...
...When the Democrats left power in 1968, practically all of them survived...
...Most people who live in Washington don’t want to leave...
...One of the most intense was that of the bright young lawyers and Capitol Hill staff members and political academics, people in their late 20s and early 30s, full of energy and ambition, most wanting to be involved in formulating domestic policy...
...He went from there to Harvard (that’s one network), from there to‘ England for two years on a Marshall scholarship (another network), and then to Yale Law School (yet another...
...But in Washington, besides all that, they also are an important factor in the governing of the nation...
...That gets back to survival...
...because they want an outlet for their idealism...
...Certain Requirements Through the Moyers connection, Coates Redmon got her first Washington job, in the special projects division of the Peace Corps...
...Of the few who do go back, a high proportion are doing so only to “build a base” that will enable them to win a seat in the House or Senate and return to Washington in a more exalted position than they occupied formerly...
...But just about everybody tries, in a general way, to be nice, because of a vague sense that anybody might, in the fluid world of Washington, be a good person to have a friendly relationship with...
...They have done so by building strong networks among the elected officials, the bureaucrats, the lobbyists, the co-workers, and the various constituent groups with which they deal in the course of their jobs...
...The Crest of the Wave Washington is a city to which many people come and few people leave...
...I wanted ’em to remember my name when I called ’em and it wasn’t from the White H ouse...
...The smartest lobbyists know assistant secretaries and congressmen want to stay in Washington, and they imply as much as possible that they can be of help in the quest-which in turn helps them survive by getting access...
...because they are interested in being involved in government and politics...
...So besides having a needed skill, Coates now had White House protection too...
...Ken Hechler of West Virginia, who left his seat in 1976 to run unsuccessfully for governor, was one of the first politicians to stand up on the mine safety issue, but on the other hand he’s flamboyant and a little strange...
...Kobin was looking over her resume and said, oh, I see you have Bill Moyers down here as a reference-I used to be his producer...
...One day in the first month they were in Washington the Redmons went to Hechinger’s, an upper-middle-class lumberyard, to buy some planks for a bookcase...
...Pragmatic...
...Hayes Redmon had a severe heart attack in 1972 and died shortly thereafter, leaving Coates with two kids to feed and very little money...
...I never understood the access issue before,” says Onek, “but I began to notice it in the transition...
...Your friends...
...Network members stay in touch with one another...
...Thus when Rep...
...At 34, Onek had already survived in Washington for some years, having initially broken in through outstanding academic performance...
...Ten days before the election he got a call from Harrison Wellford, a former aide to Ralph Nader (whose former aides now comprise one of the most successful networks in government...
...Those elected officials are grateful for that, because it helps them survive at election time...
...It’s bad to be partisan...
...And Vaughn did her a favor by putting over her a new boss named Bob Hatch, who would later become a key figure in her survival network...
...I’m packing,” Coates Redmon said...
...People who are well-known...
...By the way, the man interviewing her said, I see by your resume that you were in the Peace Corps...
...They had become Washington survivors...
...Coates was flying back from a recruiting trip to Pittsburgh when President Kennedy was shot...
...For the most part people in government fall into some middle ground, their survival process and their networks not explicitly corrupting (the way being in Bobby Baker’s survival network would be), but always in mind...
...The people who are still in their 20s and early 30sthe ones who can take time off for campaign work-are the ones who get most of the good jobs...
...When LBJ said he wasn’t going to run again,” says one of his aides now, “I made damn sure to call all those agencies and departments...
...Uncontrolled...
...It’s bad to be disloyal, the kind of person who testifies against the administation...
...Onek and Wellford had been Marshall scholars together and had had some contact through the Nader organization, so they were fellow network members...
...These thinking fellowships are known collectively as The Leisure of the Theory Class...
...You can’t be a blatant self-aggrandizer...
...That last is really the key word, and those who don’t survive well are usually those who have committed the sin of irresponsibility...
...Nelson and the Redmons got to talking...
...But I thought, that’s impossible, and I forgot about it...
...Hayes called his wife right away and Nicholas Lemann is managing editor of The Washington Monthly asked her if she’d like to move there...
...Just as back home some insurance agents join charity boards just to sell the other members policies, in Washington there are people who work in campaigns and take pro bono cases solely to make contacts, and who while in public office make sure to touch base with as many people as they can both in and out of government...
...At the other end of the spectrum, there are some where every move is designed to improve later prospects in The Business...
...On a busy day, which isn’t every day, on those days, you see what it’s like...
...Wellford asked Onek if he would take some time off and work in the transition on health issues-a field Onek had practiced in and taught a course in at Maryland Law School, where the dean was a friend from Yale...
...It’s a pleasant, pretty city, and after a few years their friends are here, their children firmly ensconced in school, their houses half paid for...
...Everybody in Washington knows what it takes to stay in that world, and just about everybody plays by the rules...
...The Business is an easy way to survive because there’s a lot of demand for it...
...While just about everybody survives, very few are able to survive well enough to get back in in a good spot...
...But The Business, because it is at one remove from the crest of the wave, is only second best to being in government...
...Having proved themselves and established their network 15 years before, the Peace Corps people no longer had to perform to survive...
...Cool...
...Daniel Ellsberg, for instance, behaved very irresponsibily in the late 60s and early 70s, while Cyrus Vance was responsible, not popping off, working through channels...
...but she hated the military in general and the Academy particularly...
...One day in Cambridge, Coates got a call from Adam Yarmolinsky-former whiz kid at the Pentagon, close friend of Hayes and fellow member of a network of secret doves high in the government, and then a professor at Harvard Law School...
...His career was a thing of beauty...
...Survival in Washingtonis not a - ``` ~ ~ ~ ~ somewhere in Virginia...
...She eventually wangled the assignment of helping write the Peace Corps’annual report to Congress, a task that had fallen to her division because nobody else wanted to do it...
...she did this for people like Moyers and Shriver...
...You have to be able to size up complicated situations, to understand the forces coursing through Washington and make them work for you...
...In other words, you turn your own part of Washington into a small town, with all the stability and resistance to change and to outsiders that that implies...
...So they’re at the place where surviving and governing are intertwined...
...Neustadt obliged, but at Ford they told her that because the recession was just starting and because there were a lot of applicants, her chances were slim...
...Hayes Redmon so impressed the colonel that he was invited, on the spot, to come back to Washington and join his staff...
...It was these clerkships that brought Onek to Washington, and he didn’t intend at the time to stay longer than the two years they would keep him here...
...Onek knew Califano in a variety of ways...
...and people a generation younger thought about getting in for the first time...
...But Onek is certainly not going to leave his job to work for the American Medical Association, so it’s subtler than that...
...What kind of reputation won’t help you survive...
...As you get older the jobs you’d take dwindle, and it becomes harder to muster the time and energy to work in campaigns, which is the surest route to jobs in the government...
...These are people who build careers out of switching jobs every two or three years, and who in that fluid and uncertain situation have found a way to get de facto tenure...
...Of course, along with the survival instinct comes a genuine empathy with other people in Washington that reinforces the bonds and makes severe criticism a rarity...
...Wertheim was in charge of the “foreign affairs cluster” in the Carter transition office...
...She asked Coates if she could drop everything and come over and work for two days, helping compile files on candidates for high appointive office...
...The reason why nobody has to leave is that almost everybody soon learns how to survive in the complex and perilous world of Washington...
...deputy director of the CIA under Carter), but they are relatively rare...
...Cogent...
...Some of the Peace Corps people had managed to stay on in government under the Republicans...
...He had managed the transition from staff-level government job to Cabinet-level government job beautifully, and here he was again in the best domestic-affairs job in the administration...
...Still, in a year like 1976, when it becomes clear the Democrats are returning to power, the thoughts of just about everybody, young and old, turned to the election...
Vol. 10 • June 1978 • No. 4
