THE PEACE IN PREPARATION
. . . THE PEACE IN PREPARATION . . . THE preparation of the peace has suffered from, as much as anything else, the lack of a driving, constructive purpose on the part of the victorious Allies....
...Almost universal reaction, in this country and abroad, was that the President had given expression to some lofty sentiments and noble aspirations, but had failed to show how these fine phrases were to be applied to the specific problems which agitate the world today...
...8 We believe that all states which are accepted in the ? society of nations should have access on equal terms to the trade and the raw materials of the world...
...We believe that full economic collaboration be-tween all nations, great and small, is essential to the improvement of living conditions all over the world and to the establishment of freedom from fear and freedom from want...
...And we shall try to attain a world in which Nazism, fascism, and military aggression cannot exist...
...In some cases it may be impossible to prevent forceful imposition of such a government...
...Bloodshed In Java Across the world, in Dutch-controlled Java, bloody fighting continued even as both sides—the Indonesian Nationalists and the Netherlands Government—sought to meet for negotiations...
...Douglas MacArthur, Allied commander in Nippon, ordered the abolition of military drill in the schools, warned Japanese editors to "establish a free and independent press or make way for papers which will," directed the dismantling of Japan's diplomatic machinery throughout the world, and prodded the Japanese regime to act soon on his command that the Zaibat-zu—Japan's multi-million family monopoly system— be broken up and the nation's economic life liberalized and democratized...
...The result was a restatement of generalities which left more questions unanswered than it answered...
...That is true in Europe, in Asia, in Africa, as well as in the Western Hemisphere...
...We have no plans for aggression against any other state, large or small...
...9 We believe that the sovereign states of the western ? hemisphere, without interference from outside the western hemisphere, must work together as good neighbors in the solution of their common problems...
...Karl Mundt, South Dakota Republican who is a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee just back from a tour of Europe...
...He made it clear he was prepared to negotiate with the Dutch provided the principle of self-determination for Indonesians was recognized and that a third party, presumably an American, was present...
...5 By the combined and cooperative-action of our war * allies, we shall help the defeated enemy states establish peaceful democratic governments of their own free choice...
...Pointing to Mr...
...The situation in China also grew more tense this week as the Communist forces, rejecting a compromise by the Chiang Kai-shek regime, launched hostilities which took on the appearance of full-scale civil war in 11 provinces...
...President-Truman, aware that his Administration was under growing attack for failure to formulate a basic program for America's role in world affairs, used the occasion of a Navy Day address in New York last week to attempt to meet that criticism...
...6 We shall re-fuse to recognize any government im...
...Truman's declarations...
...4 We believe that all peoples who are prepared for ? self government should be permitted to choose their own form of government by their own freely expressed choice, without interference from any foreign source...
...President Soekarno, leader of the newly proclaimed "Indonesian Republic," declared that "no power on earth" can stop the independence movement in the Dutch East Indies...
...Meanwhile, the process of democratizing Japan continued...
...Indian troops, sent to Java by the British, fired on the Indonesians just as hope for a mediation conference was taking hold...
...We have no objective which need clash with the peaceful aims of any other nation...
...12-Point Program President Truman said the foreign policy of his Administration is based on the following 12 planks: 1 We seek no territorial expansion or selfish advan...
...The Poles and the Yugoslavs are only too tragically aware that the President's declaration is going to do them no good, for their governments already have been imposed on them by Russian force and those governments already have been recognized by the Truman Administration...
...This action by the U.S.S.R., however, did not lessen the inter-Alliefl strife over operation of the UNO and the charter...
...The latter said they would not agree to relinquish their hold on railway points unless the Government confined traffic to civilian passengers and freight...
...Several days before President Truman gave his address, the United Nations Organization, blue-printed at San Francisco last Spring, formally came into existence when Soviet Russia, last of the Big Five to act, ratified the charter...
...The central government had proposed that the Communists could hold all territory they now occupy in North China if they evacuated railroad zones and permitted trains to operate freely, but Red leaders spurned this proposal...
...Both the British and American delegates, although sympathizing with the plea of the smaller nations, declined to outvote Russia...
...3 We shall approve no territorial changes in any ? friendly part of the world unless they accord with the freely expressed wishes of the people concerned...
...11 ? We shall continue to strive to promote freedom of expression and freedom of religion throughout the peace loving areas of the world, 12 ? We are convinced that the preservation of peace between nations requires a United Nations organization composed of all the peace loving nations of the world who are willing jointly to use force, if necessary, to insure peace...
...Typical of the comments was that of Rep...
...Truman's assertion that the U. S. would "refuse to recognize any government imposed upon any nation by the force of any foreign power," Mundt cited the gulf between pledge and performance: "It is much easier for Americans than for Poles and Yugoslavs to applaud Mr...
...7 We believe that all nations should have the freedom ? of the seas and equal rights to the navigation of boundary rivers and waterways and of rivers and waterways which pass through more than one country...
...tage...
...On the very day that Russia's ratification was deposited, the Soviets overrode the wishes of Britain, the United States, and the smaller nations by successfully insisting before the Executive Committee of the UNO Preparatory Commission that none but the Big Five will have anything whatever to say about the blueprint for the Security Council, which will run the UNO...
...But the United States will not recognize any such government...
...2 We believe in the eventual return of sovereign ? rights and self government to all peoples who have been deprived of them by force...
...posed upon any nation by the force of any foreign power...
Vol. 9 • November 1945 • No. 44
