THE PEACE IN PREPARATION

...The property and personal rights of the Japanese people are to be respected...

...Said the Worldover Press correspondent: "These figures have not been officially permitted as yet to pass the Russian censorship...

...MacArthur's pledge on the U. S. S. Missouri and his policy, when Americans marched into Tokyo, of forbidding display of battle flags and other evidences of gloating conquest, were followed this week by other major declarations revelatory of the policies he intends to pursue...

...Admitting the people at home react differently and are more bloodthirsty, Eichelberger said American tradition never countenanced punishment of civilians after surrender...

...An increase had been expected in Communist strength as a result of Russian financial and other aid to the resistance movement...

...Stories of looting of personal possessions and industrial machinery by the Red Army...

...The occupation of Japan must be carried out without unnecessary violence and without undue oppression...

...Dutch, and Belgian claims for slices of German territory, disposition of Germany's Ruhr and Saar areas, and an American proposal, backed by Britain, to internationalize Europe's inland waterway—the Rhine and Danube, Germany's Kiel Canal, the Bosporus and Dardanelles —and thus provide "free movement" anywhere on the continent...

...In a significant statement MacArthur pledged that Japanese militarism would be stamped out and the Japanese people given a chance to rule themselves— under his orders backed by our occupation forces...

...Eichelberger said he was not surprised by the calm attitude of troops coming face to face with the Nipponese...

...This is only one of several secret agreements concluded at a conference which was supposed to have resulted in no secret commitments for the United States...

...THE Japanese formally disgorged their enormous grabs of Chinese territory this week as the Chungking regime of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek accepted capitulation from the Nipponese in Nanking, which will again become Chiang's capital...

...Chiang, who has been conferring with Communist leaders in an effort to achieve a unity formula, promised that China "will tread the path of democracy traversed by the United States and Great Britain and establish a model democratic state in the Far East...

...Top Foreign Office spokesmen from Russia, China, France, Britain, and the United States are charged with drafting a peace settlement and writing the boundaries of Western Europe, with the smaller nations invited to sit in only when matters directly affecting them are under discussion...

...Most noteworthy development was the emergence of a basic Mac-Arthur pattern for dealing with the conquered foe— freedom, justice, and tolerance (See Page 5)—in sharp contrast to the policy of vengeance, dismemberment, and racism practiced by the United States in occupied Germany...

...They are being viewed with consternation by Communist Party and Soviet officials in Austria and abroad...

...The Soviet Government, too, has officially proclaimed the end of hostilities with Japan...

...2Encouragement of liberal tendencies and processes ? such as freedom of religion, press, speech, and assembly, all of which will be limited only by the need for maintaining military security...

...In fact, the victorious Allies have refused thus far to divulge the terms of the original settlement with Italy although the excuse of military security has long since ceased to have any validity...

...The first of the Axis powers to surrender to the United Nations, Italy has been subjected to military rule without any determination of her frontiers in Europe or her colonial possessions in Africa...

...Eichelberger, who immediately announced that instructions to the troops do not forbid fraternization with the Japanese people...

...Southern Sakhalin and the Kuriles were lost to Japan in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904...

...Shop steward elections in six key plants, according to Worldover Press, showed the Socialists piling up an overwhelming lead, with the People's Party (Catholic) in second place, and the Communists trailing far behind in third place...

...In a broadcast to the people of Russia, Generalissimo Stalin announced complete capitulation of the Japanese and said that with the war's end "conditions necessary for the peace of the world have already been won...

...3Creation of conditions which will assure that Japan ? will not again become a menace to the peace and security of the world and which will permit organization of a government that will respect the rights of other nations and Japan's international obligations...

...Fortified by a pact of alliance and friendship with Soviet Russia, in which he yielded substantial concessions to Generalissimo Stalin in return for assurances that he need not now fight a civil war against the Chinese Communists, Chiang last week announced that his government will grant full legal sanction to all political parties in making postwar China democratic...

...Allied objectives, MacArthur said, are these: 1Abolition of militarism and militant nationalism ? in Japan as a major means of preventing war in the future...

...Elsewhere in Asia, British military and naval forces, operating for the Empire in much the same way that they do when the Tories are in power, proceeded to proclaim the re-establishment of their imperial rule in Hong Kong, Singapore, and the Indies in the name of His Majesty's Labor Government...

...Looting, pillage, rape, and other deliberate violations of the universal standards of human behavior would but stain your own high honor...

...have now been verified...

...The fate of Italy is high on the Big Five's agenda...

...MEANWHILE, many of Europe's critical problems were being debated behind closed doors in London this week as the first session of the Big Five's foreign ministers convened...

...Another ticklish problem of far-reaching importance is the whole subject of the Balkan nations, now again the high-tension area of Europe...

...MacArthur showed firmness, too, when he ordered the abolition of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and imposed a censorship policy which held the threat of suspension over any Japanese newspaper or radio station caught stirring up unrest or putting out false information...

...The answer to your question, 'When will I go home?' depends to a major degree," MacArthur told his troops, "upon the manner in which those of us who are assigned to duty with the occupation forces carry out our mission...

...Impartial observers, however, feel that these returns are largely the result of a reaction to the Russian occupation...

...12 to 31, 1946, to satisfy the terms of the Potsdam Declaration calling for a freely elected democratic government in Japan...

...We fought and won a war to protect the rights of the individual—for freedom, tolerance, and justice for all peoples of the world...

...Spokesmen for the United States and Great Britain insist, in the face of powerful Russian opposition, that peace treaties with Bulgaria, Rumania, and Hungary be postponed until these nations are able to elect representative democratic regimes to replace the Moscow-dominated party dictatorships which now function there...

...The Kremlin's claims were verified by Secretary of State James F. Byrnes who revealed for the first time that President Roosevelt had secretly committed the United States to underwriting these Soviet acquisitions at the Yalta Conference—six months before Russia declared war on Japan...

...Stalin revealed that the defeat of Japan meant that Russia would regain southern Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands as a means of direct communication to the Pacific Ocean and "as a base for the defense of the country against Japanese aggression...

...FROM Austria came the significant announcement of a complete reestablishment of Socialist strength in the fast reviving trade union movement of Vienna...

...The period of occupation can be shortened, he said, by exemplary behavior on the part of American troops...

...At the same time, however, he called for the elimination of all "private armies," such as those maintained by the Chinese Reds...

...Eaeh of us must keep that constantly in mind...

...In saying that the Japanese Government is apparently making every effort to execute all Allied instructions, MacArthur called on his troops to treat the Japanese "in such a way as to develop respect for and confidence in the United Nations and to encourage cooperation...

...Douglas MacArthur, made giant strides during the past fortnight in smoothly establishing control over the principal islands and cities of Japan...

...Also up for consideration are French...

...The Japanese people will vote in a general election Jan...

...MacArthur's choice for commander of occupation forces was Lt...