THE WEEK IN REVIEW
THE WEEK IN REVIEW THE United States this week became the first of the Great Powers to accept officially the San Francisco charter of the United Nations. After only 6 days of debate—much of it...
...Announcing that he had decided to vote for ratification "very reluctantly," Wheeler served notice that there would be "a real fight" when the supplementary legis' lation defining the powers of the U. S. representative to the United Nations Security Council, came up for consideration...
...Without such principles there can be no lasting strength...
...In reviewing the year, the Union emphasized the continuance of the favorable record in maintaining civil liberties since the beginning of the war...
...The Senate's War Investigating Committee, headed by Sen...
...Ouster Asked...
...Lindbergh On U. S. Destiny Back from a special aviation research .mission in Europe, Charles A. Lindbergh last week broke his long silence on international affairs to report his observation of conditions abroad...
...Barkley and Connally, said they would not be afraid to submit such agreements for ratification because regardless of the composition of the Senate, it would have no honorable alternative except to back up the commitments implicit in ratification of the charter itself...
...We are bound to our civilization as a man is bound to his own family...
...Reichsmarshal Hermann Goering, second ranking leader of the self-designated "Master Race," suffered a heart attack last week because of fear during a thunder storm...
...There was a third dissenter, however, Sen...
...The Germans found that out...
...It seems obvious," he said, "that no nation is going to be required to 'furnish any large contingents and I doubt that the occasion will ever arise when more than a demonstration will be needed to stop a potential aggressor...
...Asked if the U. S. should try to combat the present trend in Europe or withdraw into an isolated henii-spheric position, Lindbergh replied: "I have always believed that America's destiny should be kept independent of the endless wars between European nations...
...The most sensational example of Allied use of Nazis for important assignments in Germany was exposed last week with the disclosure that Julius Dorp-mueller, minister of transport in Hitler's regime, has been engaged as adviser to the Allied Military Government in western Germany...
...James Mead, New York Democrat, charged this week that the Government has been lax in guiding reconversion and warned that a sudden end of the Japanese war would find the nation ill-prepared to achieve the postwar prosperity it is counting on...
...Lindbergh urggd stern punishment for those in Germany responsible for the inhuman cruelties committed in Nazi concentration camps, but warned against convicting a whole people for these crimes...
...Although the organization consists now of 50 nations, actually a bloc of Great Powers—the Big 5—:and more realistically the Big 3—dominates all the operations of the international organization...
...The projected organization is empowered to use force to maintain peace...
...But to make ourselves independent of Europe's welfare is impossible...
...Several Administration leaders, notably Sens...
...Master Race...
...Court action to force 87-year-old Carter Glass, Democrat, from his Senate seat was launched in Virginia last week...
...In fact any one of the Great Powers can block just about anything it regards as displeasing, including a charge by the rest of the world that it is an aggressor...
...Burton K. Wheeler, Montana Democrat, took the floor for a bitter, 3 Vis hour denunciation of many of the charter's provisions...
...The American Civil Liberties Union, through its director, Roger N. Baldwin, released its annual report this week with the observation that "the struggle for civil liberties has shifted largely to the international front and to attacks on private restraints on freedom of communication...
...Laxity...
...Johnson had voted to reject the charter when it was before the Foreign Relations Committee, and paired against ratification on the final roll call last week...
...The State Department released diplomatic papers last week which showed how American money and American industry helped elevate Adolf Hitler to power...
...no matter how great the technical advancement or how large the armies...
...Food...
...Aiding Hitler...
...the Supreme Court decision denying pacifist lawyers admission to the bar, and the imprisonment of 3,500 genuine conscientious objectors, 7 times as many as in World War I, two-thirds of whom are Jehovah's Witnesses...
...Besides, as far as the present situation is concerned, the question of retirement is past...
...Honor, self-respect, and our own national interests prevent doing that...
...La Follette, Wheeler, and Revercomb said they saw no reason for Congressional controversy, provided : The President's authority is limited to the use of armed forces for policing the peace and if the size of military contingents assigned to the league is small...
...Kaiser Car...
...Dorpmueller is on the list of war criminals wanted by Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Belgium...
...La Follette said that so long as it is clear that "Congress has hot surrendered its powers to control the forces of war" he believes it entirely logical that the President direct the use of demonstrating and policing contingents...
...The mad scramble of Congress for free trips around the world continued unabated last week when 54 more members of the House voted themselves junkets abroad during the Congressional recess...
...Connally and Vandenberg, who were conference delegates, that "all the questions of the specific duties and powers of our delegate will be spelled out in supplementary agreements that will come back to the Senate for ratification...
...Langer said he was voting against the charter because jt would mean "perpetual war" and the "enslavement of millions of poor people from Poland to India...
...Developments hostile to civil liberties, the report noted, were the Supreme Court decision upholding evacuation on "racial grounds" of the Japanese from the West Coast...
...CP Back...
...Reconversion problems," the Committee contended, "hav« become tangled up in jurisdictional lines of authority of various agencies...
...The fear of continued warfare and revolution is widespread in Europe," he said, warning a third World War would be much worse than the o"ne now being fought because of new developments in destruction...
...Whether or not he takes part in the quarrels of his parents, no man worthy of the name turns his back on them in trouble...
...Glass hasn't attended a Senate session for more than 3 years because of illness, but has refused to resign...
...Freedom of speech and action is suppressed over a large portion of the world, especially in the so-called 'liberated' nations, many of whom have simply exchanged the Nazi form of dictatorship for the Com-munist form...
...Wheeler Warns Of Fight Ahead The charter establishes international machinery by which "the peace-loving nations" of the world hope to prevent war...
...The convention heard William Z. Foster, veteran Red and now the new leader of U. S. Communists, bitterly denounce his predecessor, Earl Browder, as a "bourgeoise reformer" and champion of "reactionary capitalism...
...Hiram Johnson, the aged California Republican who was too ill to be present for the vote...
...Names And Notes In The News Civil Liberties...
...Henry J. Kaiser and Joseph W. Frazer, new head of Graham-Paige Motors Corp., announced last week the formation of a new corporation to manufacture a new lightweight, low-priced car to sell "for less than $1,000" and a middle-bracket automobile to sell at "between ?1,000 and $1,500...
...The noted aviation expert said he thought we should exert every effort to relieve the colossal suffering of Europe, to feed her starving, and to help in her reconstruction—and that for the time being we should maintain sufficient forces abroad to make this possible...
...A balance sheet listed 29 favorable developments in the courts and legislatures against 20 unfavorable...
...The report declared that "incidents arising out of the war have declined...
...The ideals of justice and tolerance virtually have vanished from a con...
...There is less security there now than perhaps ever before, and less democracy...
...The Administration's View Wheeler made it clear that he was voting for the charter on the strength of testimony before the Foreign Relations Committee by John Foster Dulles, adviser to the U. S. delegation at San Francisco, and statements by Sens...
...The necessary armed forces would be made available through agreements by the various nations with the Security Council of the international organization...
...the continued refusal of the Navy Department, "alone of all Federal departments," to accept the service of any Japanese American...
...The civilization which is falling to pieces in Europe is our civilization...
...Shortages will continue, the Bureau said, in such foods as meats, fats, and vegetable oils, sugar, cheese, condensed and evaporated milk, poultry, eggs, and canned fruits and vegetables...
...Only major battle which marked Senate consideration of the charter came when Sen...
...tinent...
...Sen...
...After only 6 days of debate—much of it dull and uninspiring—the Senate voted by overwhelming majority to ratify the charter without touching a comma or a clause in the document as it was brought back from the San Francisco conference...
...We cannot retire now and leave Europe to the destructive forces which it has let loose...
...The vote was announced as 89 to 2, Sens...
...The end of hostilities may bring serious economic dislocations, resulting in depression and mass unemployment, Chairman Mead and his colleagues warned, unless the reconversion program is stepped up greatly...
...Lindbergh said that neither military victory nor a continued policy of suppression, hate, and vengeance would save civilization or prevent another war...
...U. S. Communists orticially completed their flip-flop last week when a secret convention in New York voted unanimously to reestablish the Communist Party...
...Although we have conquered Nazi Germany and destroyed her cities, he said, "we have not established peace or liberty in Europe...
...The value of truth has never been so low...
...In response to many questions as to whether American agreements to provide men and munitions would be made by Presidential action alone, by joint resolution of both houses of Congress, or as a treaty to be ratified by two-thirds of the Senate, President Truman notified the Senate from Potsdam last week that such commitments would be submitted to Congress in "appropriate legislation" for its approval...
...The prospect of early conflict over implementation of the charter faded this week when Sens...
...There will be no significant relief from food shortages for the next 12 months, the Bureau of Agricultural Economics reported last week...
...No peace will last," he said, "which is not based on Christian principles, on justice, on compassion allied with strength, and on a sense of the dignity of man...
...We have taken a leading part in this war and we are responsible for its outcome...
...Other Senators, including several who seem to expect the charter—and the organization it creates—to cure all the world's ills, insisted vehemently that once the charter itself were ratified, all other agreements should not and would not be submitted for ratification by a two-thirds vote of the Senate...
...Most of the gains noted were in extending racial liberties...
...Junkets...
...Jolt...
...We are probably not far from the time when men will fly through the air with the speed of a cannon projectile...
...William Langer, North Dakota, and Henrik Shipstead, Minnesota, both Republicans, casting the dissenting votes...
Vol. 9 • August 1945 • No. 32
