THE WEEK IN REVIEW
THE WEEK IN REVIEW A10,000-word document which blue-prints the machinery for international organization designed to prevent future wars, was signed and sealed this week by the representatives of 50...
...MacArthur, who is often the butt of Pearson's chit-chat charges, denied a Pearson claim that he, MacArthur, had fired Gen...
...I do not believe that in a democracy this power should rest with the Chief Executive...
...In the last war the only powder he ever smelled was in the presence of ladies on the windward side of the parade ground...
...THE WEEK IN REVIEW A10,000-word document which blue-prints the machinery for international organization designed to prevent future wars, was signed and sealed this week by the representatives of 50 United Nations as the historic San Francisco Conference ended its 9-weeks deliberations...
...Trials...
...The smaller and medium-sized nations did win one final victory, however, when Soviet Russia yielded in the face of almost unanimous opposition in the closing days of the conference and consented to permit the General Assembly, on which all United Nations will have a seat, to engage in free discussion of all international affairs...
...The jubilant head of the American delegation, Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., who had been gravely worried on occasion whether the conference could be kept from cracking up, led in the rejoicing over the end of the conference's labors and beamed long and fixedly for the cameramen...
...President Truman said in his message that "by reason of the tragic death of the late President, it now lies in my power to nominate the person who would be my immediate successor in the event of my own death or inability to act...
...Browder was deposed on charges of being the "chief architect" of what the Communist National Committee called "opportunist errors and mistakes...
...Har-ley Kilgore, West Virginia Democrat, announced that his special investigating committee had obtained secret German documents showing how the Nazis intend to "hide" in strategic industries while planning "a third attempt at world conquest...
...Choice...
...The grant of power to the President, approved by the House, had been ordered out by the Senate Finance Committee, but was restored by the full Senate by a vote of 47 to 33, 37 Democrats, 9 Republicans, and one Progressive joining to support the Administration...
...MacArthur to cut short an inspection trip in the Philippines, Sen...
...he has engaged in the gentle art of blackmail . . . has been guilty of attempting to buy public influence...
...U. S. Reds will hold a special convention in New York July 26 to pick a new boss and decide on a new line...
...Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson, chief U. S. prosecutor of war criminal cases, urged last week that there be a mass, collective trial of Germany's arch war criminals and their terror-atrocity...
...Millard Tyd-ings, Maryland Democrat, took the floor with this reply: "They call him Pew Smearson, This scoundrel...
...Names And Notes In The News 'Scoundrel!' Drew Pearson, Washington gossip columnist with an indifferent record for accuracy, was on the receiving end of 2 vehement denials last week...
...Virtually all power is Tested in th« much more exclusive Security Council, whose membership is limited to 11...
...The San Francisco conference, as Field Marshal Jan Christian Smuts, of South Africa, pointed out last week has not, and of course, could not, solve a single one of the basic problems of Europe which exploded into World War II...
...An Associated Press poll, for instance, showed that 51 out of 74 Senators reached definitely said they would vote for ratification, and 5 others said they "probably" would...
...The "Little 45" were "outvoted" by the Big 5 at San Francisco time after time...
...A fifth agency is the International Trusteeship Council to administer the new plan for Great Power control of colonies...
...has been affiliated with the great gambling rackets of America . . . kept a safe-deposit box containing thousands of dollars until the recent Treasury drive against income tax invaders...
...organizations before a high military tribunal...
...This officer was my chief of staff and performed splendidly, as he always does...
...Ike...
...Earl Browder has been fired as boss of U. S. Communists as the "party line" switched again last week...
...An analysis of the complete United Nations Charter shows that six separate agencies emerged from the labors of the delegates at San Francisco...
...On the eve of public hearings to determine "the economic base of German aggression," Sen...
...I released him then with the greatest reluctance...
...Speculation to the contrary does him a grave injustice...
...The enthusiasm of House Democrats for the proposal —Speaker Sam Rayburn is extremely popular—was tempered by the fear that the Republican Party might capture the House in 1946...
...One document, Sen...
...Harold H. Burton, Ohio Republican, and Carl A. Hatch, New Mexico Democrat...
...The Truman plan would make the Speaker of the House instead of the Secretary of State next in line after the Vice President...
...Connolly Plans Hearings Senate ratification of the United Nations Charter appeared certain this week...
...Shocked by a Pearson allegation that he had been forced by Gen...
...Kilgore said, provides evidence "of how German industry worked hand in hand with the Nazi Party to unloose against the world a war of aggression...
...Anti-Labor Bill Introduced Three of the 4 co-sponsors of the famed B2H2 resolution on American foreign policy joined forces last week to introduce' an "industrial peace" bill which was strongly anti-labor...
...The bill has drawn the united opposition of organized labor (See The Last Column, Page 12...
...On the same day, Gen...
...A substantial majority of the American people prefer to have Federal tax money spent on a program of better regular education in the schools than on a program of compulsory military training in the Army and Navy, the National Opinion Research Center reported last week after conducting a nationwide survey...
...The General Assembly, on which all members would have one seat, will function as a sort of forum, with authority only to discuss, debate, and recommend...
...John Martin, Republican leader, would be Speaker and hence the next-in-line...
...If anything should incapacitate President Truman with the GOP in control of the House, Rep...
...On my special application, Eisenhower was given a second tour and served with me for 4 years...
...Each of the Big 5 has an individual veto over action to preserve peace, except that it cannot vote on efforts at peaceful adjustment of a dispute to which, it was a party...
...I would call him a perpetual, chronic, revolving liar...
...Both Connally and Sen...
...The AP concluded from its survey that "ratification might command the support of far more than the two-thirds required for approval...
...The other 18 said they were not ready to commit themselves...
...The sixth new body will be the Secretariat, or administrative organization for the entire network of international agencies...
...Churchill and Stalin in mid-July will not be realized, however...
...Other major developments of the week were these: * * * Senate Votes Tariff Powers The Truman Administration won a major victory in the Senate last week when that body approved legislation extending the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act and authorizing the President to reduce present tariff rates as much as 50 per cent...
...The President pro tern of the Senate would follow the Speaker...
...President Truman's desire to have the Senate ratify the pact before he leaves for his conference with the Messrs...
...The proposed measure would weaken labor's protection against the arbitrary use of injunctions, outlaw the closed shop where the union did not represent 75 per cent of the employed and the elosed shop was not ratified by 60 per cent of the em- * ployes, require compulsory arbitration of grievances arising from interpretation of contracts and all disputes in public utilities, prohibit strikes pending investigation of controversies by fact-finding commissions, if the proposed Federal agency found this necessary, and curtail the authority of the Federal Government over labor disputes...
...The Big 5 Stand Pat Although the version of the international charter which emerged from San Francisco differed in detail and degree from the original plan as conceived at Dumbarton Oaks and amended at Yalta, it represented the same type of great Power control which was the heart and soul of the original proposal...
...The facts are quite the contrary...
...Authors of the bill were Sens...
...The Council would have "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security," and is empowered to use force to preserve peace...
...Dwight D. Eisenhower emphatically denied last week that he has any intention of entering politics or accepting public office...
...Joseph Ball, Minnesota Republican, the ringleader...
...In the form in which that provision was finally accepted, each of the Big 5 can prevent action against its own aggression simply by exercising its veto, and can by its vote, and its vote alone, prevent the world organization from taking any specific action, as opposed to debating to prevent aggression or the outbreak of hostilities...
...Also last week, Bernard M. Baruch, financier and Government consultant, issued a new demand for the dismantling of German industry, charging that German industrialists are already planning the next war...
...2. The San Francisco conference did not, as the New York Times made clear, create a system of collective security "in which all nations combine to punish an aggressor, large or small," but rather the basic machinery through which the Big 5 nations—Britain, Russia, the United States, France, and China—can consult to prevent aggression, if they wish...
...The Senate will not get the completed document until July 2, after which Sen...
...Pearson denied none of the charges...
...Arthur Vandenberg, Michigan Republican who was also a conference delegate, plan to address the Senate on the achievements of the San Francisco conference soon after they return to Washington...
...Five of the 11 are the permanent members—the Big 5—while the other 6 would be picked by the Assembly to serve 2-year terms...
...Plot...
...Change In Succession Requested In a special message to Congress last week, President Truman urged a change in the order of succession to the Presidency...
...A third new agency is the Economic and Social Council, to be composed of 18 members, which will have wide authority to promote agreements designed to eliminate basic frictions which cause wars...
...Browder Bounced...
...Repeated efforts of the "Little 45" to win liberalization or modification of the veto power of each of the Big 5 were totally unsuccessful...
...The fourth new organization is a new International Court of Justice which will sit in judgment of disputes between nations...
...Ike" received a thunderous ovation in Washington, New York, and his home town, Abilene, Kans., last week...
...Foreign Minister H. V. Evatt of Australia led the losing battle for liberalization of the veto provision...
...The ordinary tour of foreign service in time of peace is 2 years...
...Eisenhower as his chief of staff in the Philippines before the war...
...When at last he conceded defeat, Evatt voiced the hope that "during the next few years the great powers will demonstrate to the world by their actions in the Security Council that they will not in practice exercise to the full the veto rights which they possess under the charter...
...Tom Connally, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and a conference delegate, plans to schedule hearings...
...There is absolutely no truth in such a statement," MacArthur said in Manila...
...The joy of a job done, if not well done, was tempered, of course, by the realization that for all the whoop-dee-do in the press and on the radio, these 2 solemn facts should be understood by the people: 1The San Francisco conference was not a peace ? conference, but rather a conference to devise machinery to enforce whatever peace settlement is ultimately reached...
Vol. 9 • July 1945 • No. 27
