THE WEEK IN REVIEW
THE WEEK IN REVIEW ASHARP, sometimes bitter struggle between the Big 5 and the rest of the United Nations—known now as the "Little 45"—characterized the final sessions of the historic conference at...
...Her-zog, a 39-year-old New York lawyer, has had wide experience in the administration of labor relations, having served for a time as chairman of the New York State Labor Board...
...There were also 11 French and one Polish division, bringing the total Allied strength to 91 divisions...
...Of these, 3 were airborne, 15 armored, and 42 infantry...
...Lend-Lease...
...President Truman last week called for a new appropriation of $4,375,000,000 for Lend-Lease for the fiscal year beginning July 1. Soviet Russia, which received a total of $8,410,000,000 Lend-Lease aid, including 13,300 planes, 6,800 tanks, and 406,000 motor vehicles under previous appropriations, w«s Hot mentioned in the President's message to Congress...
...Sole dissenter was Earl Browder, president of the Communist group, whose political head is now on the block...
...It has a tendency to create substandard conditions of living, and for a large part of our population...
...Names And Notes In The News Hitler...
...2. The appointment of W. Stuart Symington, liberal president of the Emerson Electric Co., St...
...Eight Democrats and the Senate's one Progressive, Sen...
...The predicted switch in American Communist line from "unity" collaboration with capitalism to the old revolutionary doctrine appeared certain to materialize last week when the national board of the Communist Political Association voted 10 to 1 to abandon the present line...
...Several days later, however, another dispatch from Berlin, this one quoting Marshal Gregory K. Zhukov, Russian conqueror of the city, asserted that Hitler married his sweetheart, Eva Braun, 2 days before the fall of the city and might have escaped by plane...
...THE WEEK IN REVIEW ASHARP, sometimes bitter struggle between the Big 5 and the rest of the United Nations—known now as the "Little 45"—characterized the final sessions of the historic conference at San Francisco this week...
...But so much energy had been wasted on this point that the small nations had very little heart left to continue their fight for what they really wanted—the removal of the veto from decisions to investigate international disputes...
...The House victory was on the bitterly debated Bret-ton Woods monetary agreements calling for U. S. participation in an international monetary fund to stabilize world currencies and an international bank for reconstruction and development...
...Frank T. Hines, were announced by President Truman last week in a sweeping move which placed Gen...
...Other Soviet officials guessed that perhaps Hitler had escaped to Spain, where Dictator Franco is reported to have provided sanctuary for many Nazis...
...Of this number, 14,000,-000 were killed or died, as-compared with about 8,-538,000 in World War I. More than 5,500,000 are listed as permanently incapacitated, 30,300,000 wounded and returned to duty, and 10,200,000 captured...
...Walsh of Massachusetts, Gerry of Rhode Island, and Johnson of Colorado—and 7 Republicans—Taft of Ohio, Thomas of Idaho, Butler of Nebraska, MilHkan of Colorado, Brewster of Maine, Bushfield of South Dakota, and Hawkes of New Jersey...
...Thus, in the present crisis in the Middle East {See Page 5) France would be legally authorized to prevent any nation or the United Nations from acting against her...
...A dispatch from Berlin quoting "a high military source" announced that a body found in the German capital had been identified with "fair certainty" as that of Adolf Hitler...
...The British, according to Congressional sources, had promised to supply 27 per cent of the invasion force—-5 Canadian and 22 United Kingdom divisions...
...Russia's decision not to press for total power to veto discussion in the Security Council was believed part of a "deal" in which Harry Hopkins, President Truman's special emissary to Moscow, played a leading part...
...President Truman will ring down the curtain on the 8 weeks old meeting when he flies to San Francisco in a few days to deliver the concluding address—soon after which he will meet with Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal Stalin somewhere in Europe...
...Ratio...
...Actually, however, while Canada came through with her allotment, the British fell 8 divisions short of their promise...
...Discrimination in the matter of employment against properly qualified persons because of their race, creed, or color, is not only un-American in nature, but will lead eventually to industrial strife and unrest...
...Russia was believed offered great financial aids, through Lend-Lease and other means, if she agreed to "play the game" more fairly, not only in terms of the veto issue, but perhaps the Polish controversy as well...
...Barometer...
...The United States provided more than 75 per cent of the Anglo-American forces used in the invasion of Europe, Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson disclosed last week...
...America supplied 60 divisions, Stimson revealed...
...Propaganda...
...Gillette's resignation waa widely regarded as a blow to small business, whose friend he was, but the appointment of Symington was hailed by the same circles which expressed regret at Gillette's departure...
...Truman called for action "as quickly as possible" so that the nation might have a permanent agency to deal with discrimination in employment because of race, color, or creed...
...Truman Battles For FEPC President Truman's busy week extended into other important fields...
...Louis, to sue- i ceed former Sen...
...But while it was rejoicing over its great victory in the House, the Administration heard the bad news that the Senate Finance Committee, while approving the bill to extend the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act for 3 years, had voted 10 to 9 to knock out the provision which would have given the President additional authority to reduce present tariff rate3 as much as 50 per cent...
...Recently, however, the Soviet delegation turned up with the astonishing interpretation of the Yalta agreement as providing that any one of the Big 5 could veto the right of the international organization to discuss anything that nation didn't want discussed...
...As they and the rest of the world understood the results of the secret conferences at Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta, each one of the Big 5 was to have authority to prevent the use of military or economic sanctions against itself—if it were decreed to be an aggressor...
...Reshuffling Continues Revamping of the Veterans' Administration and the resignation of its frequently criticized boss, Brig...
...We have found no corpses which could be Hitler's," Zhukov said...
...The Court majority—-Justices Roberts, Black, Frankfurter, Murphy, and Rutledge—held the evidence produced by the Government was insufficient to sustain the convictions...
...A Sham Battle...
...Although they hadn't a chance —and knew it—the leaders of the "Little 45" at the conference fought gallantly against the arbitrary domination of the Bjg 5, and more especially the Big 3— Britain, Russia, and the United States...
...Bradley is expected to streamline the agency and make it a more effective and responsive organization for returning veterans of World War II...
...Economic Internationalism While the San Francisco conference was putting the finishing touches on a major political phase of the postwar settlement, the Truman Administration in Washington was pushing forward with its program for a broad economic internationalism as well...
...Labor Gain...
...Great Britain spent 2% times as much as any of the 15 nations maintaining official information services in the U. S, Tne Soviet Union, Biddle...
...A tentative War Department estimate last week placed the total military casualties of the European war at 60,000,000...
...In an historic 5 to 4 decision, the U. S. Supreme,Court this week reversed the conviction of 34 members of the German-American Bund, who had been sentenced to serve 5 year terms on charges of conspiring to advise evasion and resistance to the Selective Service Act...
...3. The resignation of Undersecretary of Agriculture Grover B. Hill, ticketed as a conservative force in the Department, and the appointment of John B. Hutson of Kentucky, described as a more progressive individual...
...Francis Biddle disclosed this week that foreign "information bureaus" spent nearly $5,500,000 to propagandize the United States in 1944...
...Under the blueprint for the world organization as it took final shape this week, each one of the Big 5 will be able to veto the acts and notions of all the other nations on earth by its own vote alone...
...The measure now goes to the Senate, where Administration leaders feel certain of decisive approval...
...President Truman continued his persistent reshuffling of top administrative posts with several other notable changes—most of which are regarded by progressive forces in Washington as distinct improvements over the incumbents...
...La Follette of Wisconsin, voted in favor of the controversial provision, but they were outvoted by a combination of 3 Democrats—Sens...
...Omar Bradley, Commander of the 12th Army Corps, in charge of the highly important agency...
...Risking a political split in his own Democratic Party, the President courageously came out strongly for legislation to create a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission, Taking issue with Democratic Congressmen who have blocked passage of the needed legislation, Mr...
...Atty...
...The U. S. Supreme Court this week invalidated, by a 7 to 2 decision, a Florida anti-labor law requiring labor unions and their agents to register with and be licensed by the state...
...Casualties...
...House approval was overwhelming—345 to 18...
...Bundists Freed...
...Truman announced: 1. The resignation of H. A. Millis as chairman of the National Labor Relations Board, and the appointment of Paul M. Herzog to succeed him...
...Of one thing the 'Little 5' were sure: The veto fight had been conducted on a point which they did not even think was at issue, the right of discussion...
...They were relieved that the Big 5 fight on the veto had ended, but some of them professed not to be quite sure whether the battle had been real or sham...
...The "Little 45" were led by Australian Foreign Minister Herbert V. Evatt who lashed out courageously against the Great Powers' airtight control of every phase of the proposed world organization...
...The principle and policy of fair employment practice should be established permanently as a part of our national law...
...Somersault...
...On two major tests last week it broke even, winning a major triumph in the House while losing a close battle in the Senate's potent Finance Committee...
...The "Little 45" did win one round of the battle last week—but it was a round they never expected to have to fight...
...Some of the spokesmen for the smaller and medium nations felt that the scrap over the Soviet interpretation was really a sham battle—designed to permit the Great Powers to retreat gracefully on that new wrinkle and end further debate in the original veto row...
...In the first off-year election since President Truman took office, Wesley A. D'Ewart, Republican, was swept into the Congressional seat for the eastern Montana district last week...
...Guy Gillette, who resigned recently as chairman of the important Surplus Property Disposal Board...
...The fight will be carried to the Senate floor wher« the margin of decision is expected to be extremely narrow...
...Reporting on Russia's abandonment of her insistence on the right to veto Security Council discussion, James B. Reston, top New York Times correspondent at San Francisco, wrote: "The small powers were clearly a little confused about how to react to this report [that Russia had agreed to yield in her demand, for the right to veto discussion...
...said, does not maintain an official bureau in the U. S., but conducts "parallel activities by other means in large part not subject" to the Foreign Agents Registration Act...
...The figures do not include civilian casualties, either from direct or indirect war causes...
...The district had been uninterruptedly Democratic since the Roosevelt landslide of 1932...
...Conflicting stories regarding the probable fate of Adolf Hitler reached the United States last week from Russian-occupied Germany...
Vol. 9 • June 1945 • No. 25
