THE EXPLOSION IN CHINA

...This meant, in effect, a ban on shipments to China, since there was no "risk" in carrying war materials to Japan...

...China was assured of funds for a year of war...

...CHINA has remained in the war, desperately hoping for some better terms than those the Japanese have offered...

...It can give more effective support to the Kuomintang Government, and keep it in the war against Japan...

...Our prestige was being steadily strengthened throughout Asia by our victories in the Southwest Pacific...

...The Great Danger Ahead This is being confirmed today...

...And it was the American promise of funds that influenced the Chinese in their final decision to make it a "nation-wide" war against Japan, with big-scale hostilities at Shanghai and everywhere else...

...He made a deal with the British and French—and later with the Americans and Japanese —and established a new Kuomintang Government at Nanking...

...China is in desperate straits...

...Three months ago I warned that Henry Wallace's attempt to induce the Kuomintang regime to make a deal with the Chinese Communists and Moscow would not help the "war effort," but would probably have the opposite effect...

...To quote an Associated Press report of Oct...

...Shipstead, showed payments of some 220 million dollars to China on account of silver for which we had no imaginable need, and 711 million dollars to Japan on account of gold which was equally useless to us...

...EDITOR'S NOTE : In a widely dismissed statement last week, Rep...

...On Sept...

...The Roosevelt Administration's "policy" was the supplying of both sides in the war...

...19, referring to those elements who have so suddenly "discovered" that China is a dictatorship: "Let us make no mistake about it...

...Judd charged that Stilwell was made "the goat of personal government in Washington...

...Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek has refused to take orders from the American Government...

...They chartered a whole fleet of American tankers to take this across the Pacific, to bomb into mangled death and horror the best troops of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and drive the ghastly and decimated remnants back from the coast...

...It has been true for many years...

...Led by the Nation, New Republic, and other totalitarian liberal sheets, and extending clear down to the President, this falsehood has been deliberately fed to the American people...

...millions are dying as this is being written...

...That is one of the most important reasons for Chiang's showdown with Stilwell...

...direct domination...

...We never gave the Chinese enough for them to win, but only enough to keep them in the war.'At every indication of a Chinese desire to make peace, we stepped in with another subsidy...

...But in the Spring of 1926, Chiang by a bold coup removed all the Chinese Communist agents and spies in the Kuomintang armies at Canton, and demonstrated decisively that he was prepared to cooperate with Moscow but not to be anyone's puppet...

...Even without such appeals, our advances and the Philippine situation added greatly to our prestige and our legitimate hopes...

...Dr...

...Referring to the demand that Stilwell be given higher status than Chiang, Judd said that "no head of any self-respecting government could accept such an ultimatum...

...The shifting of American military supplies to the Chinese Communist forces would enable the latter to become the most powerful armed element among the Chinese, at the same time as the Communists were given a foothold within the Chungking Government itself...

...And now we know, beyond any reasonable doubt, that the American Government is itself doing this work to aid Stalin's "political dominion over Asia as well as Europe...

...Now, finally, we have landed in the Philippines, where we were welcomed by many Filipino's...

...I warned that "Mr...

...And an attempt to coerce Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek into giving a foreign power full command of Chinese military forces, reorganizing his Government in accordance with foreign demands and making it in effect a "Communist Front" regime, and expanding the direct power of Stalin's Communist agents over ever vaster areas of China, is as stupid as it is shameful...

...Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, to his eternal honor, refused to become a Russo-American puppet...

...He returned to China as their "white-haired boy," and seemed to be a pliant tool for Borodin, then Moscow's "Viceroy" in China and virtual dictator at Canton...

...For years China has been on the verge of falling apart...

...It was this American refusal that made mediation impossible...

...31, 1944: "Democracy does not exist in China...

...And because he has refused these things, he is now denounced as a "dictator...

...That Government, which had since December 1935 received big subsidies from the U. S. Treasury, became almost wholly dependent upon such subsidies when it was driven into the bleak interior...

...He has refused to put Chinese armed forces completely under an American commander, to reorganize his Cabinet in accordance with American demands, to open the way for renewed and growing Communist ascendancy in China with American support...

...The British and French tried to mediate...

...There is no freedom of speech, or of press, or of much of anything else...

...Persons (like myself...

...It is important to note that we not only "supplied" the belligerents, but largely financed them...

...This landing was a great move ahead...

...This year the American Government has tried to coerce the Chinese Government into giving an American general full and complete command over all...

...Moscow continued supplying them, but stopped shipments to China...

...The warm encouragement of Chinese Communists and fellow-travelers, and "unofficial" Americans, would not however have been quite sufficient to make up Chiang's mind had it not been for the American financial offer of July 8, 1937...

...On July 8, Finance Minister Kung conferred with Secretary Morgenthau at Washington...

...Stilwell be made over-all commander in China., with military authority over Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, precipitated the crisis that led to Stilwell's recall...

...The alliance was formed the following year...

...An American-Soviet rule over China is fantastic...

...It is due to one thing alone...

...He had no desire whatever to be anyone's stooge...

...No Sudden Discovery The sudden revelation of the true nature of . the Kuomintang regime is not due to some sudden "discovery...

...Had the American Government's policies been one-sidedly for support of the Chinese only, Japan's militarists would have been in serious straits...

...Judd, who returned recently from Chungking, also charged that a demand from the White House that Gen...

...The British Government immediately approached Washington, asking for joint consultation and action, but without success...

...On the night of July 7, the Japanese started night maneuvers at Wanping, near Peiping, to consolidate their position in that area as they had done at Fengtai a few months previously...

...Had Washington been prepared to do so, a great propaganda campaign could have been launched, holding out the promise of self-governing "commonwealth government" to other colonial peoples...

...Millions have died of actual starvation...

...Chinese military and air forces') reorganizing the Chinese Cabinet in accordance with American demands, and giving the Chinese Communists an active and influential part in both political and military activities...

...If Chiang had done so, his people would have driven him from power—and no one has suggested or can suggest any other man who could lead China...

...Or it can continue its endeavors on behalf of Joe Stalin and his Chinese agents, and force the Chinese in desperation to make a deal with the Japanese...

...Wallace's trip is likely to have results directly contrary to his aims...

...There also are ingenious means of applying 'do-it-or-else* pressure...

...Dr...

...But Washington was not prepared to offend its British allies by any propaganda of that kind...

...The Japanese, with abundant supplies of American fuel oil as well as scrap iron and other American supplies, destroyed the flower of the Chinese armies along the coast, drove the Chinese into the interior, stopped the Customs and other coastal as well as the big-city revenues which had been the mainstay of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang Government...

...Judd said that American demands that Chiang "cooperate with Chinese Communists" created an extremely perilous situation...

...who have honestly pointed out the nature of Chiang's Kuomintang regime, and refused to trifle with truth even in wartime, have been faced with the foulest of "smear campaigns...

...American payments to China, and silver shipments to the United States, began at once...

...But what is happening in China is canceling this out...

...Regarding the Kuomintang regime, Americans are suddenly learning that China is not a democracy...

...And these figures represented, approximately, the proportions of our aid and encouragement to the two sides in the Sino-Japanese war, though they do not include the purchases of "treasure" from China and Japan via London, nor the outright and open subsidies of recent years...

...And the American Government has its choice...

...14, however, President Roosevelt forbade American Government ships to carry "implements of war" to China or Japan, and announced that other vessels under the American flag did so at their own risk...

...He had played the American game for many years, but there was a limit beyond which he would not go...

...All this is tragically true...

...Our rule in the Philippines had been, for the past couple of decades, the most generous and enlightened of that of any colonial power in an Asiatic colony...

...Simultaneously, we supplied the Japanese—down to 1941, when the Administration decided to get us into the war direct...

...the American Government refused to cooperate...

...Chiang refused to accept the new situation...

...The American Communists, and those stupid persons who spread any report or opinion that sounds sensational enough, are demanding that China 'do something,' the 'something' being almost altogether collaboration with Russia's Chinese Communist element in the north...

...That was also the Soviet policy...

...The United States agreed to make big purchases of silver from the Chinese Government, to supply the latter with a "substantial amount-of gold," and to extend loans to China on the security of gold or silver deposited in the United States...

...Mediation was wholly possible, had the American Government desired it...

...Chiang Kai-shek has been faced with the same foes before...

...On the Northern Expedition, later that year, Moscow's men at Hankow "reorganized" the Government so as to reestablish full control...

...Chiang could do this only on the Communists' terms...

...But whether it would be settled as a "local incident" or expanded into a long and nationwide war had yet to be decided...

...Judd of Minnesota, one of the few Congressmen with first-hand knowledge of China (where he was a medical missionary for years), who said at Washington on Aug...

...19 this year by Sen...

...U. S. Treasury figures on gold and silver purchased down to April 1942, presented in the United States Senate on Sept...

...The Real Pressure Groups* The real pressure groups behind the American moves on behalf of the Chinese Communists were pointed out by Rep...

...He studied carefully their methods of organizing and maintaining their absolute dictatorship, in Moscow itself in 1923...

...The attempt to establish direct American command over Chinese forces, to compel the reorganization of the Chinese Government in accordance with American demands, and to open the way for the effective activities of the Chinese Communists both within the Chungking Government and outside it, has indicated to many Asiatics that our aims are those of...

...There could be no unity in China with two governments...

...we hear the nasty propaganda that Chiang has not carried out the Republic's program...

...The Chinese Communists take their orders from Moscow* They will never take them from us...

...Never since the Taiping Rebellion has there been such widespread famine and misery and human degradation as in China today...

...Direct domination, furthermore, is linked up with the ambitions of Stalin and the Communists in China...

...Chiang Knows His Foes The American demands would have meant something worse than subordination to the United States...

...Despite the decimation of its forces, and the terrible internal distress, it continued in the war against Japan, gave us the great air-bases which have been of such value and importance, and held off its internal enemies—the Chinese Communists...

...Supplying Both Sides The most urgent need of the Japanese was fuel oil for their bombing planes...

...Famine has spread over vast areas of the country...

...There are secret police, concentration camps, and firing squads for those who dare to speak, or write, or act out of turn...

...These moves in China may cost millions of American lives...

...They would have meant taking the Chinese Communists into the Chinese Government, and permitting and even aiding the Communist armed forces to consolidate and expand their positions in various areas of China, with the active support and collaboration of the United States...

...There was no doubt that the Japanese moves were "aggressive...

...These little chattering daws of men, fed with material from a Russia that wants political dominion over Asia as well as Europe, are spreading the report that Chiang's advisors are fascists, that he is retarding the war by failure to embrace the Russian-dominated Chinese in the north...

...Now, in Washington...

...He knows the Communists well...

...There probably is no more effective dictatorship than that of the Kuomintang...

...It may lead, indeed, to China's getting out of the war, to the abandonment of the last hope of giving the people of Asia a democratic goal worth fighting and dying for...

...We fought a four-year Civil War in the United States rather than 'cooperate' with a rebel government...

...The Kuomintang regime has long been corrupt and predatory, but the worse horrors of China today are due to the spread and the prolongation of the war...

...On July 10, the terms of their agreement were published...

...But it cannot reduce China to an American colony* nor turn the ravaged country and people over to the tender mercies of Moscow, and still keep it in the war against Japan...

...But throughout those years, right down to 1944, an official and unofficial campaign of lies and misrepresentation has gone on here, picturing China as a "great democracy...

...He fought the Communists from then on—until December 1936, when he listened (in captivity at Sian) to their proposals for a joint Kuomintang-Communist front against Japan...