CROONING FOR CONTRACEPTION IN NIGERIA

...And its recently released "Long-Term Perspective Study" on the region says that "few Africans are yet persuaded of the advantages of smaller families," but acknowledges that, given adequate means of development, "Africa might eventually accommodate several times its present population...

...The release says almost $3 billion was set aside specifically for population-control activities during the Reagan Administration—three times the total spent under the Johnson, Nixon, Ford, and Carter Administrations combined...

...A subcontract apparently related to the music project appears in a fact book published by the United Nations Population Fund: The project paid $13,000 to MUIMuksons Trading Company, the record-distribution firm in Lagos that handles Ade, "to identify and select [for production] songs with family-planning themes...

...Furthermore, the population density in Africa—that is, the number of people per square mile—is one-tenth that in Europe...

...Yet they consume, according to some estimates, about half of the world's resources...

...See Page 28...

...Worid Bank involvement in African population control is nowhere near the U.S...

...The 1989 release of Wait for Me was also, in other noticeable ways, unlike mainstream Nigerian reordings: The two selections referring to "family planning" were done to a very different style of music and sung in English with the help of On-yeka Onwenu, a lesser-known vocalist from another ethnic group...

...Is the U.S...

...It got "a lot more promotion than most songs," she adds...

...This form of incentive is not used in any part of Africa...

...The actual cost of making the Ade/ Onwenu recording was far less than $350,000, of course, as project coordinators Phyllis Piotrow and Jose Rimon of Johns Hopkins concede...

...Bah added that money spent on population does not address the development needs of the African people, but rather "is intended to reduce the need for those services that will improve the quality of life...

...The document was actually declassified only a few months ago and first made available in late June...

...The first involves an effort to "integrate" development assistance with population planning...

...contraceptive-outreach activities in developing countries, primarily in Africa...

...Johns Hopkins does not respond to reElizabeth Sobo, a free-lance writer in Washington, D.C., is a columnist specializing in African music and culture for the journal African and Reggae Beat, published in Los Angeles...

...interests on major issues as it seeks to align itself with others to force adequate aid...

...Agency for International Development as part of a program to use the indigenous music of developing countries to influence attitudes toward family planning...

...But disincentives—including limits on the number of children for whom a couple may claim tax deductions—are in force in Kenya and Tunisia, according to the study...

...The communique also says, "USAID supports population activities in ninety-five countries, including forty-five in sub-Saharan Africa...

...In the absence of the desired "conditions of slow or zero population growth," the authors worry, "concessions to foreign companies are likely to be expropriated or subjected to arbitrary intervention...

...Ade, the father of twelve, had previously based his recordings on the popular ideals of the Yoruba people—including, among others, a traditional esteem for fertility...

...Mandatory programs may be needed," says National Security Study Memorandum 200, "and we should be considering these possibilities now...

...World Bank literature is sometimes surprisingly open about coercion in its fertility-limitation projects...

...And I have yet to see an effort by Americans to cut their disproportionate consumption of the world's goods...

...In these sensitive relationships, however, it is important in style as well as substance to avoid the appearance of coercion...

...Increasing U.S...

...The same article notes that the Washington-based Population Institute also "obtained declassification of a 1974 National Security Council document" that "warned of the critical need to do something quickly about population control...

...Is population control in Africa consistent with the "attainment of national objectives...

...The document discusses positive incentives, usually consisting of "payments...

...Nonetheless, the World Bank says that "high population growth spells disaster," and concludes that such growth "must be faced boldly and urgently," even if this "implies a change in fundamental societal values as profound as has already occurred on other continents...

...In other respects, however, the record was a typical commercial production, released under a Nigerian copyright, produced on Ade's own label, and marketed by a prominent Lagos record-distribution firm in a locally printed record jacket...

...The "rad-icalization" of the developing world is a major concern of the study, which points out that "younger people, who are more prevalent in high-fertility populations, can more readily be persuaded to attack such targets as multinational corporations and other foreign influences (i.e., 'imperialism...

...quests for information, and Alan Getson of AID's Africa Bureau says Washington has limited information because the agency's activities have become "pretty much decentralized...

...It has made a number of grants to television and radio producers to create entertainment with family-planning messages or to incorporate positive references to birth control in existing series...

...Providing integrated family-planning and health services on a broad basis," the bureaucrats say, "would help the U.S...

...General Scowcroft, a former member of the advisory council at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies, now serves President George Bush as National Security Adviser...

...Embassy in Dhaka: "Bangladesh," it says, "is now a fairly solid supporter of Third World positions, advocating better distribution of the world's wealth and extensive trade concessions to poor nations...

...The real problems of mineral supplies lie," the study notes, "not in basic physical sufficiency, but in the political-economic issues of access, terms for exploration and exploitation, and division of the benefits among producers, consumers, and host-country governments...

...A Bank working paper dated September 1988 addresses the provocative subject of "Costs, Payments, and Incentives in Family-Planning Programs...

...E.S...

...The Ade/Onwenu music project itself cost $350,000...

...The use of food assistance as leverage is also recommended, but sleight of hand is needed: "There is also some established precedent for taking account of family-planning performance in appraisal of assistance requirements by AID...

...Five years ago, the Population Institute, a private organization heavily engaged in overseas population diplomacy, leaked the conclusions of a "still-classified Central Intelligence Agency report" on population control to The Washington Post...

...Yet this kind of effort is not directed at the European people...

...According to an annual index of AID grants and a description in the contract itself, this project cost $35.4 million for mass-media operations to improve response to U.S...

...There was nothing whatever to indicate to the Nigerian consumer that the record had, in fact, been funded by the U.S...

...prepared to accept food rationing to help people who can't/won't control their population growth...

...The Population Communication Services Project also funded a $63,000 five-day seminar for broadcast media and journalists under the auspices of the Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria...

...1989, there were exactly forty-five nations in sub-Saharan Africa...

...The documents, he says, "would be in our regional office in Abidjan" in the Ivory Coast...

...In an editorial comment, program host Ibrahim Kanja Bah said, "The people of the United States are barely more than 4 per cent of the total world population...

...By the geographical definition used by the World Bank, and prior to the attain-mant of independence by Namibia in Why Washington Cares National Security Study Memorandum 200, a treatise on population control, was jointly prepared during the Ford Administration by the Departments of State, Defense, and Agriculture, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the Agency for International Development...

...But a picture of the communications project can be pieced together elsewhere...

...The document identifies thirteen "key countries"—Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Brazil among them—for vigorous promotion of population control...

...Would food be considered an instrument of national power...

...the document asks...

...Whether through government action, labor conflicts, sabotage, or civil disturbance, the smooth flow of needed materials will be jeopardized...

...The description of this "significant and sustained" communication campaign in Nigeria might have been lifted from a Pentagon manual on psychological warfare...

...The document outlines ways to obtain the cooperation of Third World governments...

...is more interested in curbing the numbers of LDC [less-developed country] people than it is in their future and well-being...

...The physical costs of producing [the recording] and the promotion to make sure it flies" are what cost $350,000, according to Piotrow...

...What's the answer...

...High birth rates, it said, would lead to "political instability in the Third World, which, in turn, creates security problems for the United States...

...And, if all else fails, coercion is an alternative scenario...

...made to: (a) acceptors, (b) providers, and (c) recruiters, all focused on the act of accepting a method, [primarily] sterilization...

...Will we be forced to make choices as to whom we can reasonably assist, and if so, should population efforts be a criterion for such assistance...

...It consists," he continued, "of political, military, and ideological actions conducted to create in target groups behavior, emotions, and attitudes that support the attainment of national objectives...

...African countries have seen their economic resources depleted," Bah continued, "first by colonialism and now by huge debts to international lending institutions and enormous interest payments...

...It co-sponsored a workshop for family-planning coordinators from teaching hospitals and the armed forces...

...The human resources of Africa are the latest thing they want to take away from us...

...In fact, Earle Lawrence, an official in the AID Office of Population, candidly admits that disclosing the source of the message would have been "counterproductive...

...To illustrate the point, the study quotes a 1974 report by the U.S...

...contend with the ideological charge that the U.S...

...Rimon says the money also went for market research and the production of two four-minute music videos using the two AID-developed songs...

...It calls for "impact studies" among "carefully selected targets" to evaluate changes in "knowledge, attitude, and behavior...

...It has made grants to filmmakers, universities, and hospitals, to private corporations, and to government facilities to do AID's public-relations work...

...He says, "You might have trouble finding [the files] here [in Washington...

...Government think so...

...The former director of psychological operations in the office of the Secretary of Defense, Colonel Alfred Paddock Jr., has described the military psychological operation as "the planned use of communications to influence human attitudes and behavior...

...The Post was incorrect about declassification of the document, adopted as official national-security policy in late 1975 by Brent Scowcroft, President Gerald Ford's Assistant for National Security Affairs...

...We had a systematic dissemination plan for getting proper attention...

...An additional $6.5 million was awarded in 1988 specifically for population control in Nigeria...

...As its problems grow and its ability to gain assistance fails to keep pace, Bangladesh's positions on international issues likely will become radicalized, inevitably in opposition to U.S...

...An AID news release distributed in February would have come as no surprise to those privy to the national-security study...

...News that the Sunny Ade record was funded by AID first reached the African community in the United States in February, when it was announced on a local radio program sponsored by the University of the District of Columbia for the city's large African population...

...dependence on minerals imported from developing countries is also a security concern...

...Adopted as national-security policy in 1975, it was recently declassified and can be perused at the National Archives...

...Many in the U.S...

...AID level, but the Bank does control the purse-strings of many health, development, energy, and industrialization projects in sub-Saharan Africa...

...The written agreement under which the program was funded in 1986 says Johns Hopkins is to use "culturally appropriate communications" to "influence family-planning acceptance and use...

...But it was only a small part of a larger five-year campaign funded by AID under a cooperative agreement with the Population Communication Services Center at Johns Hopkins University that has also funded similar recordings in Mexico and the Philippines...