DATELINES

...By mid-morning, though, he is ill and has to be removed to his cell...

...I was told I was serving in foreign countries to protect the rights of those people and the rights of Americans," Cornett recalls...

...This struggle, at the Oohra Data Company here in Kwangju, is one illustration of what has happened to the unions born in the massive strike wave of 1987...

...The new union movement threatens Korea's export-oriented economy, which is based on cheap labor...

...On several occasions, Lee led the kusadae in attacks on strikers...

...Two prison doctors certified them fit to undergo this punishment, despite lacerated heads, muscular injuries, multiple cuts and bruises, and intense chest and abdominal pain...

...Arnie Alpert (Arnie Alpert is on the staff of the New England regional office of the American Friends Service Committee...

...Green Berets like the Tenth Special Forces are used as advisers in Third World countries...

...Undeterred, Eames gave the time and place for the peace talks and asked Captain Rhine to give the information to both sides...

...Though some, like the Flair Fashion workers, want to try to reform the FKTU, a consensus seems to be emerging in favor of a new federation...

...And a third witness, whose testimony at a preliminary inquiry also contradicted St...

...The incidents of early November, involving fists, boots, batons, and chains, injured three others besides Bartholomew and Cornwall...

...War and Peace in the White Mountains FRANCONIA, NEW HAMPSHIRE Military helicopters began buzzing the villages and hilltops of northern New Hampshire in mid-September of last year...

...The fight over broad-form deeds is not over...

...U.S...

...Cornett lost valuable timber and cropland...

...The day after the election, the bulldozers and trucks left...

...Lee Ki-bong, an education director for the Seoul Committee of the FKTU's metal-workers' federation, organized training for management and nonunion workers and denounced the strikers as communists...

...It was the U.S...

...The Grenada 17 have not given up, however...

...A red stain appears on the tissue he places to his mouth...

...One new twist in LIC strategy is recognition that the hearts and minds that must be won over are not limited to those in a Third World country seen by U.S...

...on Saturday night...

...invasion of 1983...

...One of the worst beaten was thirty-one-year-old John "Chalkey" Ventour, former general secretary of the Grenada Trades Union Council, who suffered multiple head wounds...

...At the appeal, the defense intends to show that, by the prosecution's own case, the evidence of St...

...We were told that if we worked long hours, the nation would benefit," says Lee Leuk-Ju, head of the union at the plywood factory...

...The Grenada 17 insist that Bishop was killed in a spontaneous outburst and not as the result of any premeditated decision or order...

...The military forces that participated in Firestorm '88 are among those being specifically trained for what military planners call "low-intensity conflict," or LIC...

...If you observe suspicious individuals or groups wearing a mixture of camouflage and civilian clothing, often unshaven, carrying green backpacks and rifles, please call us at once," read the notice...

...It is up to us to uncover the lies and refute the notion that all conflicts involve only good guys and bad guys...

...And most of their leaders share the wish to form a national trade-union federation as an alternative to the government-controlled Federation of Korean Trade Unions (FKTU...

...Until recently...

...Soon posters began appearing in local stores asking residents for help in locating the "enemy guerrilla forces" operating in the area...

...The author, a spectator at the appeals-court sessions of November 28 to December 9, 1988, asked to have his or her name withheld to help protect the identity of sources who provided information for this article...

...On the other side were another 120 troops from the same division, a light-infantry unit based at Fort Drum, New York...

...Though that's higher than the fifty-four-hour average for the country, such hours are not at all uncommon...

...In Grenada, Victors' Justice RICHMOND HILL PRISON, GRENADA It is Friday, December 2,1988, and the third session of the appeal of the Grenada 17 is in progress...

...Defense counsel have met with the three appeals court judges, strongly urging them to intervene with the Grenada government to stop the violence in the prison...

...Broad-form deeds, many of them originating under suspicious circumstances, granted mineral rights to coal companies while leaving the surface to families like the Woo-tens and Cornetts...

...He has coughed up blood on several occasions but has received no medical attention for the problem...

...He had been wearing the same prison uniform, no underwear permitted, for nine days...

...Denise Giardina (Denise Giardina is a native of the coal fields and the author of "Storming Heaven, "a novel about the West Virginia coalmine wars...

...The new unions are still fragile, but they are consolidating and growing, becoming more than a collection of locals based at individual factories...

...Army conducting military training exercises, and it gave the state's peace activists an opportunity for some training of our own...

...As a Lexington Herald-Leader editorial put it, "King Coal's clothing is skimpier than anyone would have thought...

...Television ads ran throughout the state each evening during prime time...

...One of his last requests was that his wife and children prevent the land from being stripped...

...Immediately after the beatings, the five political leaders, along with others who had joined in the passive protest, were punished for not recognizing the commissioner...

...They have also asked the Prime Minister, who doubles as Minister of Legal Affairs, for an immediate investigation...

...Costs of the appeal, as of the trial, are U.S.-paid as well...

...The FKTU's pro-management activity is nothing new...

...Exercises like Firestorm '88 accustom the public to view warfare as a normal part of life...

...Jim West (Jim West, a writer and photographer in Detroit, works for Labor Notes...

...A new one could serve as a coordinating and communication center for the genuine unions and would boost their campaign for reform of Korea's undemocratic labor laws...

...The Tenth Mountain Division, for example, is one of five light-infantry divisions created, according to an Army statement, to "be able to fight anytime, anywhere, and against any opponent...

...In addition, thousands of leaflets were mailed to homeowners, carrying the same message: Don't let a small group of people who do not want to live up to a contract put YOUR deed and our state's economic development up for grabs...

...military planners are seeking new ways to conduct counterinsurgency and pro-insurgency warfare without risking the massive public disapproval that characterized the Vietnam experience...

...The American delegate expected a Detroit-style plant closure—a boarded-up, deserted building with weeds growing through the cement...

...So, in the spirit of realism, the New Hampshire office of the American Friends Service Committee, the New Hampshire Central America Network, and members of the North Country Peace and Justice Coalition got involved, too...

...Paul's, was not called at the trial...

...Paul cannot possibly be true...

...Inside the brochure, the text warned, "The meaning of what's in a land deed will be changed...

...Everywhere there is organizing...

...And, internationally, a federation of genuine Korean unions would help bury the fiction that the FKTU represents the interests of Korean workers...

...If this amendment passes . . . businesses won't ever know what their contracts mean or where they stand in Kentucky...

...His strike lasted sixteen days...

...In trying to break the strike at Sinae, the employer also enjoyed the assistance of the FKTU...

...Absentee corporations still own most of the land and mineral rights in the region...

...Paul, was contradicted by a second witness...

...Cornwall, who was beaten by prison warders on November 4, has been suffering intense pain in his right side ever since...

...While Bartholomew coughs blood, the appeal proceedings continue...

...strategies for Third World intervention...

...The Army said the request for residents to get involved was intended to simulate realistic wartime conditions...

...they were, rather, convicted on a doctrine of having "common purpose" or "common design" with those who carried out the deaths...

...This witness, Cletus St...

...When a citizens' organization, Kentuckians for the Commonwealth (KFTC), petitioned to have a constitutional amendment placed on the ballot last November, many eastern Kentuckians were skeptical of its chances...

...With allies in such institutions as the churches, small groups of activists are getting jobs in key plants, forming underground organizing committees, and plotting strategies...

...DATE LINES Labor Stirrings in Korea KWANGJU, SOUTH KOREA When an international delegation of unionists visited leaders of new Korean trade unions recently, their hosts took them to see a closed plant...

...The coal industry spent $482,000 to fight the amendment...

...We had to think through how we would respond to a war in our midst, and how we might actually facilitate negotiations between warring armies...

...They have been convicted of murdering Bishop and ten other people, on the uncorroborated evidence of one witness...

...Cornwall was the first victim, suffering a beating when he asked for a change of clothes...

...Among the genuine unions, the debate has been whether to try to reform the FKTU by taking it over, or ignore it and establish a second federation...

...Will it be your house deed...

...But now we realize that we're not getting the benefits...

...By supporting Korea's company unions, the AFL-CIO helps keep Korea's wages low and workers poor, which continues to make Korea an attractive destination for runaway American manufacturers...

...This new Korean union movement conjures images of the early CIO...

...So, even though the government now permits some political dissent, repression is still a fact of life for union activists...

...And, because the "communists" we're opposing in a Third World conflict might be in power or might be the insurgents, the U.S...

...The mission of the counter-insurgents was to locate and capture the guerrillas...

...Army for twenty years, then retired to his family farm in eastern Kentucky...

...What will be the next change...

...They played the role of local civilians, being trained in the techniques of counter-insurgency by 150 Green Berets of the Tenth Special Forces Group, from Fort De-vens, Massachusetts...

...Elizabeth Wooten's husband is buried on his family's land...

...Or your business contract...

...Scare tactics and massive spending are standard strategy for the industry, used over the decades to persuade government officials to do its bidding...

...He too has requested, and been denied, medical attention today...

...As Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force J. Michael Kelly has said, "The most critical special-operations mission we have today is to persuade the American public that the communists are out to get us...

...The seventeen appellants include ten political leaders of the 1983 coup which ousted— and led to the death of—Grenada Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and which was, in turn, overthrown by the U.S...

...They must also win the hearts and minds of people here at home...

...Its main preoccupation is getting the appeal completed...

...When the appointed hour arrived, the Reverend Paula Wolcott, interim pastor at the church and a member of the North Country Peace and Justice Coalition, set a table with places for two negotiators and representatives of the guerrilla and counter-guerrilla sides...

...policymakers to be at risk...

...At a company that subcontracts for Daewoo Electronics in Kwangju, for instance, workers recently held "fellowship meetings" to start clandestine organizing to shorten their sixty-five- to seventy-hour workweek, for which they are paid about $143 a month...

...He requires them to work a hundred or more hours of overtime each month and has installed spy cameras on the shop floor and in the dormitory, lunch room, and toilets...

...The government does not appear concerned about the physical condition of its prisoners...

...The Sinae workers were rebelling against the company president who insists that they call him "father...

...At the same time, the unions face heavy opposition and have only begun to gain improvement of Korean workers' miserable working conditions...

...After mulling it over for a couple of hours, Captain Gregory Rhine of the Civil Affairs Battalion told Eames that peace negotiations were not in the Army's training guidelines...

...The appeal continues in his absence...

...See "New Toys for Robocop Soldiers," by Marc S. Miller, July issue...

...The confrontation occurred at Sinae Electronics, a car-stereo plant where the air is heavy with lead smoke...

...With the advent of strip mining, new methods of mining depended upon the removal of entire mountaintops and the filling of hollows with loose dirt...

...He intended to work the land his family had held for several generations...

...Such blacklists are given to the police, who share them with other employers...

...In Seoul, a few weeks after the Olympics ended last fall, kusadae backed by riot police showered sticks, steel pipes, water, and sand on striking workers, seriously injuring twenty, one of whom lost an eye...

...Having been officially assured that he has no broken bones, he has this morning learned "through the grapevine" that, in fact, he has a fractured rib...

...In many instances, such as at Hyundai during the 1987 strike wave, employers have brought in FKTU unions to forestall the establishment of genuine unions...

...I returned and found I couldn't even protect my own property...

...In Firestorm '88, the counterinsurgency was publicly labeled the good guys but, within the rules of the war game, according to writer Eric Aldrich, who covered the exercises for In These Times, the "guerrillas" also considered themselves pro-American, fighting for freedom and economic opportunity...

...To counter the lack of knowledge about these coal issues west of the mountains, amendment supporters set up telephone banks, sought endorsements, held concerts and readings, and distributed leaflets...

...Bold letters proclaimed, Report Sightings to: Mountain Division, and then listed a telephone number in Maine...

...In the coal counties thought to be under the industry's thumb, the vote was 12-to-1...

...Eames and Wolcott explained the Peacemaking Initiative to reporters, while I provided background on the relationship between Firestorm '88 and U.S...

...When the others took nonviolent protest actions by refusing to stand and recognize the prison commissioner, who had sanctioned the beating, they too were severely beaten— in some cases in the presence of the commissioner and on his direct command...

...Although the combatants never showed up for the peace talks, our own training exercise was a success...

...But there are no signs that such an investigation is contemplated...

...The Initiative's call for a negotiated settlement met with a puzzled reaction from the Army...

...Firestorm '88, as the exercise was dubbed, began September 19, when 200 soldiers from the Tenth Mountain Division were dropped into the White Mountains by helicopter or parachute...

...Women whose land had been strip-mined or threatened with stripping traveled around the state in a "Victims' Van," stopping in twenty towns to speak on radio news shows and conduct press conferences...

...Employers often hire thugs called kusadae (literally meaning "save the company") to attack strikers...

...These were the "guerrillas...

...Our aim is to expose fully the rigging of the trial," one appellant tells me...

...That notion is peddled by the AFL-CIO's Asian-American Free Labor Institute...

...And the water supply to his home was threatened as the company approached the deepest seam of coal...

...He was viciously beaten by prison warders on November 8; nearly a month later, he still suffers severe chest pain from being kneed in the chest during that beating...

...Efforts by the Kentucky legislature to pass laws favoring landowners were consistently turned back by a state Supreme Court controlled by coal interests...

...The other three—Callistus Bernard, Cecil Prime, and John Ventour— also still suffer pain almost a month later at the appeals session...

...A Coal-Field Victory DA VID, KENTUCKY Sidney Cornett served in the U.S...

...Meanwhile, the prisoners are subjected to the brutality of their prison guards...

...On Friday, October 7, six days before Firestorm '88 was scheduled to end, Eames called the telephone number listed on the fliers...

...Although not on the wild scale of 1987, strikes and plant occupations are widespread...

...On the streets of Seoul, you can see cement mixers on their way to work at 9 p.m...

...The mountain behind his house became a scarred wasteland...

...Eames told the counter-insurgency representatives we would host a negotiating session the following Monday at the Community Church of Christ in Franconia, so that warring parties could resolve their conflict through peaceful means...

...Workers at some plants never get a day off...

...But legal efforts failed in 1987, and the Wooten land lay open to the strippers...

...Nevertheless, members of the current Grenada government, whose successful 1984 election campaign was heavily funded by the United States, privately express confidence that the appeals court will uphold the convictions...

...Today, five days after ending his strike in the hospital in serious condition, Ventour is back in court...

...And despite an impressive record of activism by mountain people, company power has been considered absolute...

...Sitting next to him is Leon Cornwall, formerly Grenada's Ambassador to Cuba...

...If the past is any indication, harassment will also be a tool used to persuade landowners to allow strip mining...

...As a mining operation encroached just beyond her property, Wooten went to court...

...One aim of LIC strategy is to hide the real human cost of war from the U.S...

...He is Dave Bartholomew, once the island nation's Deputy Minister for Youth and Sport...

...The coal industry, still eager to strip-mine land it doesn't own, intends to petition the Federal courts to have the election results overturned...

...I told them I represented the White Mountain Peacemaking Initiative," he says, "and informed them we were calling for an immediate cease-fire...

...The Federation's roots are in the No-Ch'ong, established by the American military government after World War II to counter unions which had taken control of factories throughout Korea as the Japanese retreated...

...The mission of the Civil Affairs Battalion is to cultivate a more benign image for a government or military threatened by insurrection, to be accomplished by training "friendly" troops to conduct economic and social-development projects...

...For many years, coal companies owned the houses, churches, stores, and lives of the residents...

...From time to time, he bends over too far as he writes instructions for his lawyer and immediately straightens up, gasping with pain...

...In the week before the election, a coal company moved equipment onto the land of Willie Napier of Leslie County...

...Also involved were members of the Civil Affairs Battalion based at Fort Bragg, North Carolina...

...When we first heard about the exercises," recalls Ash Eames, coordinator of the Central America Network, "we asked ourselves, 'How would we respond if a guerrilla war were raging in the White Mountains?'" The answer was the White Mountain Peacemaking Initiative...

...New businesses won't come to a state that treats them like that...

...The coal fields of central Appalachia have generally been run by not-so-benign dictatorships...

...Multiple violations of fair-trial procedure, numerous outrageous acts by the trial judge, and the acceptance of "confessions" clearly extracted under torture have given them wide-ranging and powerful grounds for appeal...

...Our major purpose, though, was to help people realize that what may look like a Hollywood movie or a "war game" is preparation for the real thing...

...They ended with a rally in Louisville, where seventy-year-old Jeanette Smith, bundled against the freezing rain, pleaded for the protection of her land...

...Landowners all across eastern Kentucky have been driven from their homes with little or no compensation, and with no way to refuse to allow stripping...

...The AFL-CIO's position is based on its support of American Cold War foreign policy but works against the interests of workers in both countries...

...Eighty to a hundred years old, the mineral deeds were intended to allow the deep mining of coal...

...But the company discovered the "fellowship," fired all the members of the group, and put them on a blacklist...

...In an actual conflict, of course, the good guys are the side supported by the United States...

...Yet he must make every effort to follow the appeal arguments, because his life is at stake...

...The state Supreme Court struck down the latest legislative effort to protect landowners from broad-form deeds in 1987...

...But the people of Kentucky had never before been asked directly for their opinion...

...But the appeal continues...

...In the 1960s, women lay* down in front of bulldozers and men wielded hunting rifles in vain attempts to protect their property...

...But his dreams turned to nightmare in 1983 when Vegas Coal Company stripped his land for coal, without his permission, using a document known as a "broad-form deed...

...For the prisoners' part, they have undertaken a rotating hunger strike, by one appellant after another, to bring maximum pressure and international exposure of the situation at the prison...

...As one of the three judges argues with the defense over a point of law, an appellant sitting in the second row of the dock coughs softly...

...The Court's actions came as no surprise to the people of Kentucky, used to domination by the all-powerful coal industry...

...Their skepticism took into account not only the power of the industry but also the lack of interest in the central and western portions of the state...

...The illusion of omnipotence has been stripped from the mining industry...

...Whatever the verdict of this court, we intend to ensure that history will know that we are innocent of murder...

...His beating was so severe that the prison doctor ordered five x-rays of his chest and abdomen...

...None of the ten political leaders were alleged to be involved in the actual killing of anyone...

...A man of small stature weighing a fragile 130 pounds, Ventour followed his fourteen days on bread and water with a hunger strike to protest the beatings...

...No, an invasion force from Quebec had not infiltrated the White Mountains...

...military is training for guerrilla warfare and for counterinsurgency at the same time...

...They have already formed regional federations in eight areas and are organizing them in another four...

...At the Sephoong Plywood factory in the west coast city of Kunsan, the standard workweek is seventy-six hours...

...they were each sentenced to fourteen days on bread and water...

...Occidental Petroleum, CSX Corporation, Fluor Corporation, and Transco Energy were among the energy giants bankrolling a massive advertising campaign...

...The amendment passed with an astonishing 82.5 per cent of the vote...

...public...

...This "father" demands that his sons and daughters sign resignation letters when they are hired...

...But many Kentuckians feel a fundamental shift has taken place...

...Instead, the visitors found a Korean-style plant closure— a building full of young women workers, many of them teenagers, who had been occupying their data-processing workplace for two months, ever since the boss announced it was closing...