Datelines

...The helicopter keeps circling, inviting rude gestures and jeers from the crowd...

...A Campus Ban on Draft Resisters MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE When Tom Vogel was fifteen, he left Memphis to attend school in Vienna as the guest of several Austrian families...

...intervention...

...Yet, if you don't register, you don't get Federal aid, you don't get job training aid, and in Tennessee you can't even go to school...

...But as time passed, and social and economic changes took place, we could talk...

...Protests are expected from American environmentalists—and from mango growers in Florida and Puerto Rico, who are still forbidden to use EDB...

...Post headquarters and lounge lack all semblance of military machismo—no battle flags, no weapons on display...

...Six were fined and given suspended sentences of four to six months...

...He says the EPA has completely banned the chemical...

...U.S...

...Hundreds of residents of the nearby islands have made it clear the center's presence is not wanted...

...We're going to be very unyielding...

...One article disclosed that the Andoya Island Naval Station in the far north conceals a listening post for an American submarine-detection system and that U.S...

...Although the United States refuses "to confirm or deny" it, the islanders believe the submarines carry Tomahawk nuclear cruise missiles...

...The raids on Ikkevold marked the first time since the Nazi occupation that a journal had been subject to police attack...

...When their trial took place last year, however, Ikkevolds editors managed to shift attention back to the original content of their articles...

...Canadians Protest Naval Center NANOOSE BAY, BRITISH COLUMBIA Nanoose Bay, off the coast of British Columbia, is the site of a sophisticated underwater weapons testing center known as the Canadian Forces Maritime Experimental and Test Ranges (CFMETR...

...The stall applies, as well, to EDB-sprayed mangoes from Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize...

...hundreds staged a peace walk and mass "die-in" at the CFMETR gates in November 1985...

...It was national news again when Post 5888 successfully sued the VFW National Command for reinstatement on freedom-of-speech grounds...

...It bars non-registrants, including Tom Vogel, from enrolling in any state-supported school...

...A lot of people who got involved in the committees didn't think they had any talent for organizing or public speaking," says one leader...

...The portrait of Motto, wearing civilian clothes and his paratroop badge, is emblematic...

...We're just a bunch of working guys," says Ray Peterson, former commander of the two-year-old post...

...This resistance to war and all its trappings under-girds the actions of the post...

...The founders named the post for Bill Motto, a Vietnam vet who suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder and died in a fall while fishing from the sea cliffs near Santa Cruz...

...As the marchers reach the gates of Watsonville Canning, riot cops, two lines deep, block the entrance to the plant...

...The other, Ivar Jo-hansen, was sentenced to nine months in prison and fined $1,200...

...More than 700 press reports on the case appeared immediately after the raids as concern spread from journalists and lawyers to the population at large...

...he was singled out for his more important role in researching the SOSUS article and his involvement in a similar case four years before...

...Nonetheless, seven defendants were found guilty...

...markets...

...It's using the strength of big membership [more than two million] to endorse very right-wing ideas...

...They toured Canada and the northwestern United States with a slide-show presentation, and in April 1985 they established a peace camp of teepees on the shores of Nanoose Bay, vowing to stay until the agreement expires...

...About a year ago, knowing that the Canada-U.S...

...The leadership of the strike has come not from the three Teamster business agents assigned to the two plants, but from the ranks of the workers...

...The protesters decided to host their own public inquiry in January 1986, inviting knowledgeable authorities to examine all aspects of the situation—and to build support for halting the increasing integration of the Canadian and American militaries...

...Veterans for Peace SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA Bill Motto Post 5888 of the Veterans of Foreign Wars is not your standard veterans' organization...

...We deal with those who shot people, who killed people," says commander Steve Bare...

...But when the contract expired last summer, the company did not compensate workers, asking instead for further wage cuts and concessions...

...My feeling all along," comments Vogel, "was that as soon as we got into court, this would be open and shut...

...It also represented an attack on the integrity of the government and especially of the Norwegian military high command...

...One of the strike leaders recalls the first meeting called by union officials after the strike...

...military personnel are stationed there to help run it...

...By fall, the plants were operating with eighty to 100 workers each, far below the customary 1,000 to 2,000...

...But these veterans also hand-delivered a letter last year, on post stationery, to the Nicaraguan government expressing opposition to U.S...

...Peterson, a former Marine, manufactures specialty printed textiles...

...We're a peace group, but we're not like any other peace group you're going to find...

...The crowd swirls against them...

...The Government has people dancing up to the Post Office and registering," he says...

...agreement governing CFMETR would expire in April 1986, some protesters formed a group called the Nanoose Conversion Campaign (NCC) to study the economic feasibility of alternative uses for the installation...

...With the help of his ACLU attorney, Larry Woods, Vogel filed suit in Federal district court, contending that the law is unconstitutional, violates his First Amendment right to make a political statement, and discriminates against an identifiable group...

...Vogel intended to go to college but had no intention of registering and publicly refused to do so...

...Its "crime" was publication of a series of unsigned articles describing several Norwegian military bases...

...The march moves on, through back streets and out along a concrete access road to Richard Shaw, Inc., another canning plant...

...State Department has evidently decided that the health of the Haitian mango industry is more important than the health of American mango eaters, since it has postponed an Environmental Protection Agency ban on importation of mangoes sprayed with the pesticide ethylene di-bromide (EDB...

...Haitian exporters shipped more than 1.6 million cases of mangoes to the United States in 1984, and the ban quickly triggered fears that their prime market would disappear...

...Merceron said the action would add $5 million to $8 million to Haiti's annual export earnings, helping to redress the Caribbean nation's balance-of-payments deficit...

...The islanders are concerned, though, that nuclear-powered U.S...

...They pointed out that the Andoya base is actually a secret only in Norway: All their information, they said, came from public sources, mainly transcripts of U.S...

...Shaw's proposal turned out to be less drastic, but workers at Shaw joined the strike anyway, in a bid to reduce the labor pool available to each plant...

...He points out that the system has already been streamlined, draft boards have been set up in every county in the country, and Senator Sam Nunn of Georgia has introduced legislation to renew the draft...

...Established in 1965 at the request of the United States, CFMETR is open for use by Canada's NATO allies and is critical to the work of the Naval Undersea Warfare Engineering Station based at Keyport, Washington...

...Mango shippers use EDB to kill fruitflies that lay eggs in the fruit and thus ruin them, but the EPA banned its use by exporters beginning last September 1 because of its demonstrated carcinogenic effects...

...Every family I lived with had vivid memories of World War II," he says...

...the government is also appealing, seeking harsher penalties...

...Everybody walked out...

...But a lot of vets who joined this post had different feelings...

...This time he was foiled by the Tennessee Legislature, which went Congress one better by passing a "state Solomon Act" in June 1984...

...And our needs as veterans is what drew us together...

...Use of EDB is not allowed at all in the United States," says David Tollett, a U.S...

...In fact, after the national VFW expelled Post 5888 for its letter to the Sandinistas, the publicity led veterans of many wars from towns all over California and twenty other states to join the group, whose members now span military history from the 1912 Nicaraguan Expeditionary Force to recent action in the Persian Gulf...

...We sell poppies...

...You can't go down the street without seeing some signs of the war, without seeing buildings that were damaged or brick and rubble that has never been removed...

...All are free pending appeal...

...So we had to try to change the situation...

...Data gathered by the detectors are analyzed at centers like the one reportedly on And0ya to locate the position and direction of submarines...

...By the time he returned to Memphis in September 1983 to begin his last year of high school, Vogel was convinced, he says, that "war was the most horrible thing and it had to be prevented...

...The Watsonville canneries responded by cutting workers' wages...

...Alan Wilson (Alan Wilson writes a weekly column called "On the Peace Front"for the Nanaimo Times and lives on Gabriola Island, British Columbia...

...PORT-AU-PRINCE, HAITI The U.S...

...District Court Judge Thomas A. Wiseman felt, too, that the case was open and shut...

...Caitlin Manning and Adam Cornford (Caitlin Manning and Adam Cornford are San Francisco-based writers...

...A lot of us were hurting people...

...We thought we could [do our best work] if we could make a dent in the VFW...

...Staff members were charged under Norway's espionage laws with gathering and releasing information "for the purpose of undermining the security of the state and its relationship with other states...

...A union guy talked for hours," he says...

...Now they're finding out they can do it...

...Vogel took his problem to the American Civil Liberties Union, which agreed to represent him in a legal challenge of the new state law...

...William Steif (William Steif, a former national and foreign correspondent for the Scripps-Howard newspapers, reports frequently for The Progressive from abroad...

...Strike on Cannery Row WATSONVILLE, CALIFORNIA Between two and three thousand people—many of them women, almost all of them Mexican-American—are gathered in the public park, some listening to the speeches, the rest milling around...

...And then came the growing conflict in Central America...

...The U.S...

...The experience transformed him...

...Some of his ashes are mixed in the paint used by muralist Ken Walker to paint Motto's portrait on the post headquarters wall...

...Congressional hearings and American military publications...

...Brooks, now a landscaper, is an Army veteran...

...For years after we got back we didn't speak much about the war because we were unpopular," recalls Peterson...

...Just as quickly came news of an EPA reversal—in a "communique" from Haitian economics minister Frantz Merceron published in Port-au-Prince newspapers announcing the ban's lifting as of January 1. According to Merceron, "The combined efforts of the Haitian government, the private sector, and concerned American officials" had persuaded the EPA to permit another twelve to twenty-four months of shipments of EDB-treated mangoes to U.S...

...Riot police block off some streets but let the demonstration proceed, at least for the time being...

...The assembly elected six committees to handle various needs arising from the strike...

...David Gilden (David Gilden is a free-lance writer based in Oley, Pennsylvania...

...The Norwegian Sea is particularly critical to the SOSUS network because the large number of Soviet submarines stationed at nearby Murmansk must pass through it to reach the open ocean...

...Almost 3,000 frozen-food workers here, members >of the Teamsters Cannery Local 912, have been on strike since September against the two largest canneries in the country...

...Wiseman quickly ruled against Vogel, a decision the young activist appealed to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, where it is pending...

...After a few minutes, the marchers disperse...

...NATO Brings a Norse Chill OSLO, NORWAY One day in October 1983, more than fifty officers of Norway's national security police raided the office of the Norwegian pacifist monthly Ikkevold and the homes of its staff, seizing 400 pounds of files...

...It's a real VFW post, all right, located in Santa Cruz, California, and most of its members are Vietnam vets...

...Employees in the lowest wage bracket, comprising 90 per cent of the work force, went along with a wage cut...

...Rumors spread that Richard Shaw, Inc., was about to follow Watsonville Canning's lead...

...Watsonville is a fast-growing city in eastern Santa Cruz County, the broccoli and Brussels sprouts capital of the United States...

...vessels must pass through their waters on the way to Nanoose Bay...

...More to the point, Post 5888's members are combat veterans and working people who never dreamed of joining a veterans' organization until they found this one...

...Nobody really understands what we are," says Peterson...

...Ikkevold, published by the Norwegian affiliate of War Re-sisters International, has a circulation of about 4,000 and is produced by an editorial collective of a dozen people, only one of whom is paid...

...Department of Agriculture (USDA) official stationed in Haiti...

...The waters of Nanoose Bay are open and deep, with a flat bottom ideal for precision three-dimensional tracking of torpedoes and other acoustical studies...

...Vogel fears the United States is moving toward reinstating the draft...

...Strike rally flyers are common in the windows of many local stores and virtually no local people are crossing the picket lines...

...He wanted to go to Antioch College, but the steep tuition was beyond his means without Federal assistance, so he applied to Memphis State...

...When they needed money to support their delegation to the VFW's 1985 national convention in Dallas, they hosted a fund-raising evening of poetry and song billed as "Dump on Rambo...

...Their speeches were a waste of time, when what was needed was to get things organized...

...Norway joined NATO in 1949 but always prohibited foreign bases on its soil...

...The Andoya Island base is a link in SOSUS (the Navy's Sound Surveillance System), a network of twenty chains of underwater sound detectors dispersed on ocean floors around the world...

...And [Post 5888 member] Dean Metcalf drafted a resolution and helped us recognize that if something like Vietnam was going to happen again, we should scream about it...

...We couldn't believe it," says Lopez...

...What's On Your Mango...

...Murderers and tax evaders can enroll at Memphis State University, but not those who decline to register for the draft," Woods told the court...

...Throughout the year he closely followed the Congressional debate on the Solomon proposal—which eventually became law—to deny Federal grants and Federally guaranteed student loans to young men who refuse to register for the draft...

...A program of aid and advice to troubled veterans continues along with the political activity...

...So far, the workers have scored impressive gains...

...Although Wat-sonville-area plants still processed 40 per cent of the nation's frozen broccoli, Brussels sprouts, green peppers, and spinach in 1984, frozen broccoli imports increased from thirty-three million pounds to sixty-five million...

...By prosecuting the editorial collective under the espionage laws and aggressively seeking strong punishment, the government is warning the press to keep out of the military's business," contends Uls Noremios, a War Resisters official...

...The workers unanimously rejected the offer and demanded a return to industry parity, but management simply implemented its plan without a contract...

...By revealing that the state had essentially violated the accepted limits on NATO involvement, however, the Ikkevold article refueled the debate over Norway's alliances...

...They give you the impression that it's quick and easy and there's nothing to it...

...They have sponsored benefits for Native American and Latino organizations, peace marches for Central America, and events opposing apartheid...

...Steve Turner (Steve Turner is a free-lance writer in Santa Cm:, California, and a member of the National Writers Union...

...The marchers begin pouring out of the park...

...Somehow, trouble is avoided...

...We perform the rituals...

...He promised \o make it up in the next few years...

...There's not going to be a draft...

...A helicopter circles overhead, while dozens of riot police mass quietly at the park's edge...

...Navy uses the Canadian facility to develop and test submarine-warfare technology...

...Meanwhile, General Thomas K. Turnage, director of the Selective Service System, visited Tennessee to attend a special joint session of the state legislature, called so he could congratulate the sponsors of the "state Solomon Act"— congratulations, Vogel says, "for keeping me out of school...

...If the World War II boys are going to keep humping this war thing," says Bare, "we're just going to have to [resist] it...

...Each visit by a foreign vessel is marked by a demonstration...

...California's frozen-food industry has been in trouble for the past decade, mostly because of intensified foreign competition...

...Three years ago, the manager at Watsonville Canning asked the workers for a break," says Sergio Lopez, a business agent for Local 912...

...On October 15, an ad-hoc committee of strikers called a general assembly attended by more than 500 workers...

...Adds Steve Brooks, post public relations officer, "The VFW is supposed to oppose war, but it's subverting its own purpose...

...And," says post commander Steve Bare, "we do the routine things...

...Dennis Bernstein (Dennis Bernstein is a freelance writer who has written for Newsday, The Philadelphia Inquirer, and In These Times...

...Calm, friendly men, they are typical of the post's founders: front-line Vietnam veterans who resented the national repulsion they encountered on their return from Southeast Asia but also wished that no future troops would have to repeat their history...