Datelines

...The acreage is about half the area petition-signers wanted restricted, but the compromise is not likely to solve the problem...

...They want to have a fire department and they want to have an ambulance and tennis courts—stuff that a small community can't have...

...But he believes he can best help his family and others by speaking out to the people of the United States...

...The question will be, can they identify a somewhat protected market niche and serve that market in an efficient and cost-effective way...

...Rajmohan Gandhi, the Mahatma's grandson, said after the screening that he had not been apprehensive about a foreigner making a film about his grandfather: "I always felt that someone from outside India might be better able to see him 'in the round.' " In the wake of the film's success, the speculation in many circles shifted to what Gandhi might think of India today...

...We have to ask ourselves that same question all the time," says Diana Ro-bishaw, mother of five and member of the furniture committee...

...Government—or else...

...Unless they are arrested, says Gessner, the refugees will stay in sanctuary until the fighting stops...

...About 30 per cent is taken up by river gravel beds...

...They will probably transfer its so-called antiterrorism activities to the Criminal Conspiracy Section—a forerunner to PDID that has also been accused of political spying...

...Although the U.S...

...Owners of cattle must possess sufficient pasture to return the favor if other people's cattle decide to drop in...

...Communities grow," he says...

...But can a community-controlled co-op survive amidst continuing economic concentration in the Pacific Northwest...

...Government's policy toward El Salvador, Juanita said, and to tell Americans to stop sending aid to the Salvadoran regime...

...Last December, St...

...Ultimately, he says, the conflict will be settled by lawyers—from the city...

...Furthermore, the open-range ranchers are pasturing their cattle not only on their property and on land owned by other residents, but also on the land of the area's biggest property owner, Uncle Sam...

...Kathy Mooney fumes about her tomato patch that was ready for picking when the cows came through...

...Nathaniel Davis was U.S...

...Comstock and Cheryl Wilkie of the Puget Sound Conversion Project, an economic conversion group, provide technical support...

...It reviews testimony of Chilean intelligence officer Rafael Gonzalez, who said Horman "was killed because he knew too much" and laid the blame on "the CIA and the local authorities...

...One of the mills reopened last year—with labor-saving capital improvements—but at least 150 workers remain unemployed...

...People come here from out of town, and they would like to bring city life with them...

...Out of these meetings evolved a coalition of mill shop stewards, church leaders, and unemployed workers intent on keeping Raymond afloat...

...Bhave died as a result of a fast...

...Today, unemployment reaches close to 70 per cent, and in the bar, drinking is hard and goes late...

...No Home on the Range HYAMPOM, CALIFORNIA If cows could read, says Trinity County rancher Van Garrett, they'd be more careful about stepping through neighbors' gardens and noticing when they leave Federal grazing areas and cross onto private lands...

...In a deposition last December, Gates acknowledged that he personally authorized all spying targets—an admission that contradicted earlier departmental statements...

...Peter R. Kornbluh (Peter R. Kornbluh is a research associate at the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, D.C...

...I'm a member of the Trinity County Cattlemen's Association...

...To Garrett, who is Hyampom's biggest rancher with thirty-five head of cattle, closing any part of the valley's open range is an affront...

...The abuses that have come to light so far—collectively dubbed "Gatesgate" by journalists here—include police infiltration of two dozen activist organizations, maintenance of dossiers on civilian police commissioners, and sequestering of unauthorized files in the homes of some officers...

...The two Salvadoran brothers and their families who are staying at Cristo Rey have also taken false names...

...Tom Chaffin (Tom Chaffin is a free-lance writer in San Francisco...

...In January, the commissioners voted unanimously to "deactivate" PDID...

...Joining Cristo Rey in the sheltering effort is St...

...Residents of this tiny and remote mountain community recently collected 134 signatures on a petition that says Garrett, and the handful of other ranchers whose sixty cattle roam around the village and environs, should be required to put up fences...

...Yaroslavsky will also be seeking legislation with two other Council members to institute a local version of the Freedom of Information Act...

...The government of Chile is being shielded from blame for a very simple reason," Edmund Horman told Hauser...

...Hauser's book, the first account of Horman's death, was ignored by the State Department...

...They don't realize the situation here in Hyampom: This valley is one-half mile wide, three miles long...

...without serious repercussions in its relations with the United States...

...He has taken a pseudonym to protect his parents, brothers, and sisters, who still live in Guatemala...

...Shoalwater's other effort is aimed at "taking economic planning out of the board room and putting it back into the street where it belongs," in the words of one local observer...

...The group, called Shoalwater Job Opportunities and Bartering Skills, has been meeting twice a week to start a community self-help project and draw up a blueprint for Raymond's economic future...

...Garrett is a round-faced forty-three-year-old with a horse laugh and a liking for Western plaid shirts, Stetsons, and open space...

...Finding funds will continue to be a major challenge for the group...

...The ACLU has charged that the police spied on more than twenty organizations in the past decade, including the Alliance for Survival, the American Indian Movement, the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (now part of the Democratic Socialists of America), and the California State University Associated Students...

...Weyerhaeuser announced it was closing its main sawmill in Raymond and later began phasing out a smaller mill...

...About three-quarters of the property in the county is owned by the Federal Government...

...We know we're not making a dent" in U.S...

...Don't publicize the dirty tricks of the U.S...

...But Garrett's cows can't read, so he finds himself on the front lines of what has become known as the Hyampom Range War...

...The refugees have addressed several masses and gatherings to explain the effects of the U.S...

...In 1979, the latest bust of the cycle-plagued timber industry hit Raymond with a vengeance...

...Among the cartons were dossiers on three members of the Commission, the agency responsible for overseeing police activities...

...But this range war involves not trigger-happy sheriffs but a planning commission and squashed tomatoes...

...Police-watchers say indictments are imminent...

...But though he is still sentimental about open range, Rickstrew says it's time for changes...

...Gandhi's Shadow NEW DELHI There were several sad circumstances surrounding the world premiere of Gandhi, Richard Attenborough's $22 million epic film: Within a few weeks of the triumphant opening here, three of the Mahatma's surviving lieutenants died—Vinoba Bhave, eighty-seven, Shanti Tseng, eighty-one, and G. Subramanian, seventy-two...

...military advisory group...

...Bob Klopfer, who runs the motel, says he's tired of having to ask guests to close the fence gate when they go out...

...They feel compelled to protest the assistance the U.S...

...Benedict are part of a modern-day underground railroad that transports refugees from Mexico to sanctuaries in Arizona, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Minnesota...

...Horman's family has spent almost a decade trying to find out who killed Horman and why...

...In better days, timbering dominated life here...

...Hauser and Costa-Gavras told the tale of Charles Horman, a young American working in Chile, who disappeared in the days following the coup and was later found dead...

...He admits there have been abuses of open-range privileges...

...Some have given up and moved elsewhere, but most have stayed put, contributing to a 40 per cent unemployment rate in North County...

...The textile capitalists have waxed wealthy during the past thirty-five years as a direct result of Gandhi's "boycott British cloth" campaign—an episode movingly recalled in Attenborough's film...

...But now Yaroslavsky is optimistic that the Council, spurred by the recent revelations, will "put an end to all of this...

...They could have come up here underground without anyone knowing about it," says the Reverend Kurt Gessner, co-pastor of Cristo Rey parish in Racine, but "they have a different purpose in mind...

...They came back a few days later and took the two oldest girls...

...If you don't want cows wandering across your property, it is your responsibility to keep them out, and that means paying for regulation barbed-wire fencing...

...What we're experiencing here is more than the effects of high interest rates and economic recession," says Don Comstock, a sociologist who lives in Raymond...

...Roberto, forty-five, paced the kitchen of the parish house one recent afternoon while his brother and their wives sat at the table where they had just finished a meal of tortillas, beans, and fried meat...

...Only as one approaches the bridge across the Willapa River do the trees themselves finally appear, thousands neatly stacked on banks ready for transport downstream...

...About thirty witnesses are expected to appear before a county grand jury as part of the district attorney's investigation...

...The state's commercial lenders have ignored similar projects in the past, and high interest rates could put conventional funding beyond reach in any case...

...foreign policy, says Father Ramion...

...Never again will the timber industry here employ the numbers of people it has up to now...

...She had worked closely with Attenborough on his twenty-year project...

...There are a number of ways they could do this...

...officials are apparently trying to teach anyone who insists on recalling the Government's role in overthrowing Chilean President Salvador Allende in 1973...

...He has introduced legislation to make violation of Police Commission spying guidelines a criminal offense...

...The answer appeared to come several days after the premiere, several hundred miles to the south, in Bombay, where beggars are plentiful, where poor immigrants from rural areas still sleep in the streets, and where Gandhi's simple residence is now a combination shrine, museum, and library...

...consul, and Ray Davis headed the U.S...

...Its members are inexperienced economic planners who find themselves often grappling with such un-glamorous matters as group process...

...It is against these changes that the range war is being played out, just as the effects of "progress" caused disputes in the 1880s...

...His life was sacrificed to cover up American actions in Chile...

...However, when Costa-Gavras produced a major motion picture based on the book, the Department issued a three-page memorandum to the press asserting that its efforts to locate Horman were "intensive and comprehensive...

...But Darel Grothaus, regional director of the bank, says it's unlikely his institution will provide Raymond's primary source of capital...

...First-growth timber is virtually gone from the Pacific Northwest and future productivity will be nowhere near what it has been in the past...

...That's the way a man made a living...

...In the past, proposals to give Los Angeles residents access to their police files have fallen on deaf ears...

...Lisa Floch (Lisa Floch is a journalism student and freelance writer in Madison, Wisconsin...

...To Ramona Ripston, executive director of the ACLU in Southern California, the dissolution of PDID is not enough...

...For motorists, the signs merely reaffirm the devastation—"Welcome to the high-yield forest...

...At the screening I attended—for members of the Indian parliament, middle bureaucrats, and their families—the stunning impact of Gandhi was obvious...

...The priests are willing to risk arrest if it helps prevent the Government from "deporting people back to a country in which their lives would be in danger," says the Reverend Mark Ramion, pastor of St...

...The English-language press accorded rave reviews—almost unanimously—despite some previous skepticism voiced in newspapers and public gatherings throughout the subcontinent when the film was being shot on location...

...The audience especially appreciated the scene depicting Gandhi's most dramatic effort to win home rule for India, which was once described by Winston Churchill as the "spectacle of this one-time Inner Temple lawyer, now seditious fakir, striding half-naked up the steps of the Viceroy's Palace, there to negotiate and to parley on equal terms with the representative of the King-Emperor...

...Government officials might have initiated, condoned, or failed to act effectively in Horman's disappearance and death...

...The twenty-seven-page memorandum, entitled "Death in Chile of Charles Horman," was written by a State Department officer, Frederick Smith Jr...

...Group participants have decided to promote the development of two community-controlled enterprises—a furniture manufacturing cooperative and a firewood cutting and marketing operation...

...officials in Santiago...

...Mark I. Pinsky (Mark I. Pinsky recently returned from India...

...What he doesn't like are lawyers, city ways, and people who don't appreciate the bucolic charm of an occasional cow or bull wandering through town...

...Cattle cannot be expected to know the difference between un-fenced Federal land and unfenced private property...

...Along with the expected difficulties of such an effort, Shoalwater has faced several unanticipated obstacles...

...So Shoalwater is exploring a variety of alternative sources, including the National Consumers Co-op Bank, which has limited funds available for such uses...

...Open range just doesn't make sense here like it does in other parts of Trinity County...

...Missing Links WASHINGTON, D.C...

...Two years ago, Salvadoran soldiers entered Roberto's house and raped his three teen-age daughters...

...On strike for more than eight months, demonstrating for an increase in the pittance they are paid, the workers laid one of the best claims to custody of the Mahatma's "Great Soul...

...Immigration and Naturalization Service explaining why they are harboring the refugees...

...Some say the CIA even had advance notice that Horman would be assassinated...

...Five separate inquiries into the conduct of the police have revealed a pattern of spying that caused the department's "Red Squad" to be dismantled in January, and that could force Chief Daryl Gates out of office...

...Downtown businesses are failing and "For Sale" signs pepper Raymond's neighborhoods...

...The two parishes have sent a letter to the U.S...

...I was born and raised on open range...

...Cristo Rey and St...

...They're going to have to come up with a package that relies primarily on equity," he says...

...Most of its 350 residents, however, live in the surrounding pine forest—some as far as ten miles from the village itself, which consists of a store, a bar, a motel, a community hall, and two auto repair shops...

...I really don't know," says Grothaus...

...When Garrett's father was growing up in these parts, no more than fifty people lived in the valley...

...The Horman family filed a civil suit in 1977 against Henry Kissinger and ten other former or current State Department officials, charging that Horman was killed with the foreknowledge and consent of the U.S...

...Shoalwater is currently completing feasibility studies and market research for the projects and looking for seed money...

...The self-help project has centered on a community skills exchange that gives members the opportunity to barter skills with one another on an hour-for-hour basis...

...If the finger of guilt is pointed at them, they will point it right back at Washington...

...But Gandhi had such a galvanizing effect on the Indian capital that these events seemed to be mere historical footnotes...

...In addition to the district attorney's probe, investigations of police activities are being conducted by the ACLU, the Police Internal Affairs Department, the City Council, and the Police Commission...

...That will never happen again...

...The memo raised the possibility of American complicity by acknowledging that the State Department had conducted "an internal investigation of the possibility that U.S...

...At issue is the frontier custom of letting cattle roam the land of neighbors: For more than a hundred years, Trinity County has been open range...

...Forest Service holdings, which in some cases are adjacent to privately held parcels...

...According to Ripston, "Police commissions come and go, and so do their guidelines...

...But, unable to obtain more than 100 documents the Government withheld for what it called national security reasons, the family withdrew the suit in 1981 on the condition that it could resume legal action if more evidence were uncovered...

...In January, the three filed a $150 million libel suit against author Thomas Hauser, filmmaker Kostantinos Costa-Gavras, and Universal Studios...

...There is probably equipment lying around that could be tantamount to an equity contribution, and there are always options for various labor contri-I butions until the business is established and markets developed...

...The record suggests Horman may have been murdered because he stumbled upon evidence of American backing for the coup...

...And the reason it is not going to be consumed is because we're beginning to learn the ways we were consumed in the past...

...Currently, such activity is an infraction of internal departmental rules, punishable by suspension, at most...

...Government calls the fugitives illegal aliens and could deport them, they have made no attempt to stay in hiding...

...The screening itself took place just after the thirty-third anniversary of the execution of Gandhi's two Hindu assassins...

...Weyerhaeuser has consumed the economy of this whole county—but first it consumed our work, our human dignity, our participation in our own lives...

...ambassador to Chile at the time of the coup, Frederick Purdy was U.S...

...I've talked to some ranchers in other parts of the county about this issue...

...No one knows whether the police chief is a direct target of the probe, but City Council member Zev Yaroslavsky, an outspoken critic of PDID, says, "Gates has a lot of explaining to do...

...Two years ago, sensing the shift in corporate priorities, Raymond citizens began meeting with a group of students from nearby Evergreen State College...

...Out on a Limb RAYMOND, WASHINGTON The view from much of Interstate 101 is not pretty: The wreckage of clear-cut cedar and Douglas fir trees litters the landscape in all directions, and for stretches of miles the only wood left standing is Weyerhaeuser signposts...

...Benedict...

...Earlier in 1982, Madeleine Slade, the eccentric English disciple of Gandhi, known to him and the world as "Mirabehn," also died at the age of eighty-nine in Vienna...

...Charter members include a physician, a masseuse, and eighty-two-year-old Lillian Weir, whose skills include carpentry, plumbing, and chopping wood...

...But the actions of the parishes are symbolic, he adds, and draw attention to U.S...

...Government...

...Where, people asked in print and on the streets, would someone like the peaceful cotton spinner fit in today...

...At the end of the 1960s, though, Hyampom experienced an influx of urban fugitives—professionals, Vietnam veterans, hippies, and disability recipients— all drawn by a life that is simple and cheap in one of the continent's few remaining pristine regions...

...Roberto found his daughters' bodies after searching for days among piles of corpses...

...The briefings disclose that PDID kept tabs on the private lives of political activists and maintained records of organizations' legislative strategies, financial affairs, and contacts with reporters and elected officials...

...Until the film's premiere, the question before the house was whether an Englishman could justly depict the father of independent India...

...intervention in Central America...

...He has headaches, from nerves, because he always remembers how he found his children," Juanita said of her brother-in-law...

...Marc Cooper (Marc Cooper is news director of KPFK-FM, a listener-sponsored radio station in Los Angeles...

...For housing the refugees, Gessner himself may face arrest...

...The county ruling notwithstanding, an open-range cow or bull will eventually wander astray and cause damage, Garrett says, and lawsuits and countersuits will result...

...they have since moved on to other sanctuaries...

...In late January, Trinity County's Board of Supervisors partially agreed with Rickstrew...

...Jorge, the twenty-three-year-old Guatemalan staying at Cristo Rey, says his aim is to "show what the U.S...

...Raymond's recent history is shared by dozens of small mill towns on Washington's Olympic Peninsula...

...With special grazing permits, ranchers can keep cattle on U.S...

...Says Garrett, "If a person here is going to try and make a few dollars raising cattle, you've got to have outside range in order to do it...

...Smith added, "It appears strange that, given the obvious and important political considerations involved, the [government of Chile] would believe it could kill Horman...

...Gene Rickstrew, a rancher himself and director of the Hyampom Community Services District, still winces when he thinks of a valued bull of his that might have won a prize had a neighbor's open-range bull not made a mess of its hide...

...The two were the first Catholic churches in the United States to offer sanctuary to Central American refugees...

...The officials contend that Costa-Gavras's popular movie, Missing, and Hauser's book, The Execution of Charles Horman—upon which the movie was based—spread "false, unfair, inaccurate, and defamatory" information about them...

...They scream when you just mention the possibility of closed range...

...No such evidence was found, the State Department insisted...

...Hyampom squats in a valley at the confluence of the Trinity River's south fork and Hayfork Creek, deep in northern California's Klamath Mountains...

...In this spent landscape, the 1,000 or so residents of Raymond are struggling to keep their town upright...

...A case against the police department has been building in six lawsuits filed by the American Civil Liberties Union...

...Most of the poor people have seen their children raped, their parents killed by the soldiers," Juanita said...

...Benedict the Moor Parish in Milwaukee...

...Our own embassy was responsible for Charles's death," Hauser quotes Edmund Horman, Charles's father, as saying...

...Benedict housed two Salva-dorans...

...most of those who have complained about the open range live outside the village...

...What we need is a court order making political spying illegal...

...Because Jorge has no way of communicating with them, he worries about their safety and feels guilty about leaving them behind...

...Smith concluded that Gonzalez's testimony was "generally consistent and intelligible...

...The designation of 'political crime' as a special category of illegal activity has apparently made the temptation to surveil all political dissenters impossible to resist...

...If they choose a market that is currently dominated by one of these corporate empires, they clearly haven't got a prayer...

...That's the lesson three former U.S...

...The parishes' activity has been approved by Milwaukee Archbishop Rem-bert Weakland...

...We're determined that if we get this thing going, it is not going to be consumed...

...So just as Frederick Weyerhaeuser moved here at the turn of the century because timber was depleted in the Great Lakes region, Weyerhaeuser is now pulling up stakes from here and moving to the Sunbelt and the Third World...

...The fleeting appearance in the movie of a cute little girl named Indira notwithstanding, people wondered about India's wars with Pakistan and China, its pursuit of nuclear power and the bomb, its repressive "state of emergency," and recent government threats against the press...

...Yaroslavsky, too, is skeptical of the breakup of PDID: "If its functions are decentralized, it could make the paper trail of dossiers and files even harder to track...

...Ideally, he says, ranchers would keep their cows home and well-fed during the winter months and let them roam only during the summer, when the countryside is dry and the cattle need to look farther to find water and grass...

...Shelter from the Storm RACINE, WISCONSIN It's no secret that a small Hispanic church here is sheltering a Guatemalan man and two Salvadoran families...

...Last September, the ACLU obtained 1,600 pages of police intelligence briefings...

...The book and the film described the frustrating search for Horman by his father and wife, an investigation impeded by the foot-dragging of U.S...

...The women say they have chosen the names of family members killed by the Salvadoran military...

...Dan Mintie (Dan Mintie is a Seattle-based writer on Northwest issues...

...D A T E L I N E S Snoops Sniffed Out LOS ANGELES Like the Chicago and New York City police departments before it, the Los Angeles Police Department is feeling the heat of public scrutiny...

...Although the Government has refused to release pertinent information, the Horman family has obtained one important document that challenges the official account...

...Government is providing the regimes from which they fled...

...Government is doing by sending arms" to Guatemala...

...The two were picked from a list of seventy-five proposed projects because both necessitate the use of local skills and resources, are suitable to democratic forms of management, and could serve as models for similar projects in other towns throughout the region...

...There, thousands of striking textile workers and their supporters marched peacefully through the downtown area to protest government support of mill owners...

...The Service has not replied yet, but officials say agents will not enter the churches to arrest the refugees...

...I'm from Colorado," says Rickstrew...

...Along with his co-pastor, he could be charged with harboring illegal aliens, a felony that carries a maximum penalty of five years in jail and a $2,000 fine...

...An investigation by the Los Angeles County district attorney has also revealed that the chief photographer for PDID stored fifty cartons of intelligence files in his home—part of six-and-a-half tons of dossiers the Police Commission ordered destroyed in 1976...

...It's not the abolition of the spying unit that's necessary, but the abolition of spying," she says...

...a recent grant from the State Labor Council did not go far enough...

...At the recommendation of the county planning commission, the board closed 1,000 acres in the village and environs...

...The documents show that Gates apparently lied when he told the Police Commission in 1980 that the Public Disorder Intelligence Division (PDID) had "no interest" in spying on law-abiding political organizations...

...But the Chilean junta never did suffer any repercussions in its relations with the United States as a result of Horman's death...