BOOKS
READER, MARK
BOOKS Calling all citizens Mark Reader NUCLEAR MADNESS: WHAT YOU CAN DO by Dr. Helen Caldicott Random House. 120 pp. $7.95 hardcover. $3.95 paperback. As we strip away our nuclear illusions,...
...Against this chronological background, he offers innumerable sketches of writers and How to Argue and Win...
...The dissenters' contribution consists of making "a qualitative leap, liberating the consciousness of millions of people, of those who come home from work every day to twist the dials of their transistor radios...
...John Marks has brought these and many other cases back to where they belong — in the public eye — in perhaps the most compelling, well-researched, organized, and well-written account of CIA operations ever...
...Spying on Americans is not well rooted in the long tradition of American surveillance and repression or in the extended history of abuse inflicted by the administrative state since the 1870s...
...9.95...
...The name of the hospital was Allan Memorial, and it sat high up on Mount Royal overlooking the city of Montreal...
...Of fifty-eight members of groups to monitor Soviet violations of the Helsinki agreement, fourteen are in prison, two in exile, and two others lost their citizenship...
...These techniques of repression, authorized by the dangerous generalities that give constitutional sanction to executive power, broadly practiced by the many administrative agencies of the modern state, and supported by the widespread ideology of anticipatory criminality, have long held dissent within the acceptable boundaries a conservative consensus deems tolerable...
...As institutions for moral education, they fail...
...The only way out of this situation is for people to come to understand the medical hazards of the fissioned atom and, out of their love of life and anger at the prospect of their own and their children's premature deaths, put an end to the nuclear industry...
...His new book on Soviet psychiatric repression, "Dissent as a Delusion," will be published by Norton later this year...
...Although the story Theoharis recounts may never be more fully or accurately described, it is subject, like all historical interpretations, to the ravages of critical second guessing...
...Without doubt, they were a varied and impressive lot, including Janet Kramer, Jules Feiffer, Jack Newfield, Vivian Gornick, Susan Brownmiller, Andrew Sarris, Pete Hamill, Sally Kempton, and Don McNeil...
...His Nobel lecture then fleshed out lofty principles with concrete examples...
...Men between fourteen and twenty-four committed a disproportionately large part of that crime...
...The trouble with fission power, Caldicott contends, is that it is a killer, presenting this and future generations with an unmanageable, lethal technology whose medical by-products are now becoming evident...
...While his wife was in Oslo for the Nobel ceremony, he vainly tried to push his way into a courtroom at Vilnius, to testify on behalf of Sergei Kovalev, a biologist and "close friend, a man of great spiritual beauty and force, of limitless altruism...
...even if that does not decrease crime, it will give us better and more humane institutions...
...Alfred A. Knopf...
...Convicted of "crimes against humanity," seven of the Nazi doctors were sentenced to death, nine others to long prison sentences...
...In Kevin McAuliffe's superb book, The Great American Newspaper, we now have the full story...
...To some of his countrymen, Sakharov and his friends must appear like the reed on which hangs Russia's salvation...
...Innovator In therapy On Becoming Carl Rogers, by Howard Kirschenbaum (Delacorte Press...
...The paper's success had less to do with the content of its stories (which ranged from Village and international affairs to the theater and the arts) than with Wolfs unusual notion that the Voice should be a writer's newspaper...
...Helen Caldicott's brief inquiry into the state of our present "nuclear madness" and of the prospects of avoiding a predictable and irreversible nuclear holocaust...
...I wonder about that...
...And more...
...f Neither poverty, nor social class, nor discrimination can account fully for the high rates of violent crime among blacks...
...200 pp...
...As the personal patient of the CIA-retained head of the hospital, Mrs...
...From the founding of the United States to the 1920s, rates of serious crime rose steadily...
...Harvey Fireside (Harvey Fireside teaches politics at Ithaca College...
...Letters arrived with doodles of a brontosaur, suggesting that the addressee, too, belonged to an extinct species...
...444 pp...
...While The Art Museum occasionally bogs down with a surfeit of details and some style problems, Meyer's commentary is informed and witty...
...Her letters bubble with spirit...
...Like other good things in American life, the Village Voice was established by amateurs and destroyed by professional moneymen...
...Silber-man argues that "the black experience has been different — in kind, not just degree — from that of any other American group...
...Little of that dimension is retained in Nuclear Madness...
...Meyer abstains from artistic judgments...
...She has reminded us that in addition to diagnosis, the function of intellect in the atomic age is to infuse life with sufficient meaning so that its needless loss for even a single person might be perceived as tragic...
...No one has made such an exhaustive search of files that are by definition the most elusive and sanitized records in existence (when they do, in fact, exist...
...The answer: "He's too radical...
...Has the recent history of this country witnessed a fall from grace...
...At a more personal level, I wish that Nuclear Madness included some of the stunningly moving words found in Caldicott's Mobilization for Survival address in 1977, in her taped interviews, and in her many public appearances, particularly the one I witnessed at Rocky Flats...
...fCareer criminals get put away...
...More importantly, it stripped the prisoner of his free will...
...But I suspect that honest feeling underlay the reply...
...The subsequent folding of several New York dailies boosted it to 138,000 by 1969...
...In security's name SPYING ON AMERICANS: POLITICAL SURVEILLANCE FROM HOOVER TO THE HUSTON PLAN by Athan Theoharis Temple University Press...
...He strives to write for a general audience from the turf of specialists...
...In this way Wolf "discovered and developed more first-rate writing talent while he was there than did any other American editor over a similar period of time at any other American publication...
...Andrei Sakharov's book, Alarm and Hope, is less a literary excursion than a series of war communiques...
...Among them: HSilberman contends that contemporary perceptions of crime rest on the interplay of demography and expectations...
...And however careful the balancing, when a journalist attempts to debate specialists in a book for generalists he is unlikely to satisfy all comers...
...The separation of powers and the checks and balances could not contain or expose the pervasive, illegal, and unethical practices under way...
...Seen as such, what people are actually buying with each reactor is a way of life which they can neither sustain nor endure...
...Many of them, like Richard Helms and Sid Gottlieb, who quarterbacked the CIA's programs through three decades, are still out on the streets, walking among us...
...In Nazi Germany, for one, where at Dachau S.S...
...Even stranger are the official threats: the warning by the Deputy Procurator-General that Sakharov may be charged with slandering the secret police for suggesting that it staged a mysterious subway explosion as a pretext to crush the few dissenters who remain at liberty...
...One-quarter to one-third of a professional's career is spent "doing time...
...Two of them had their ribs broken...
...How much the prisoner shaped his answer to his questioner and not to the question, I don't know...
...We have learned that President Richard Nixon was not the problem...
...15...
...A portion of her book appeared in the December 1978 issue of The Progressive...
...In the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, their percentage in the population dwindled...
...An Army scientist working on classified biological warfare research, Olson was slipped an LSD-spiked cocktail at a retreat in the mountains with colleagues in 1953...
...It drove him crazy until he ended his life by jumping out a hotel window in New York...
...She identified herself as a deeply "conscious" Catholic, and religion permeates her letters...
...McAuliffe suggests that Wolf merits a place beside New Yorker editors Harold Ross and William Shawn for his commitment to encouraging and developing new writers...
...This is a curious way to treat a brilliant nuclear physicist, a key member of the team that developed the hydrogen bomb, a prodigy elected at the record age of thirty-two to the Soviet Academy of Sciences, a man who can still sign his petitions "three-time Socialist Hero of Labor...
...The explosion hit a generation unprepared for its violence...
...489-D Buchanan, N.Y...
...242 pp...
...In Clarence Darrow for the Defense, Irving Stone writes of Darrow's lecturing at the Cook County (Chicago) jail...
...then a press campaign accusing Sakharov of "pathological individualism," an allusion to symptoms requiring "compulsory medical care...
...ORDER NOW: THE ART OF ARGUMENT, by Giles St...
...The visitors to 48B Chkalov Street relate their persecutions at their peril...
...William Preston (William Preston is a columnist for The Civil Liberties Review...
...EMERSON BOOKS, Inc., Dept...
...A maverick from the Middle West, Rogers gradually moved from interpretive counseling (in his twelve years working with children) to client-centered therapy (developed during his research and active counseling at the University of Chicago) to participation and leadership in encounter groups (mainly in California...
...Caldicott seems only partially aware of the extent to which nuclear power has created ungovernable social discontinuities in the modern world and of the extent to which resolution of both the atomic weapons and atomic power issues hinges on the ability of people to settle the world's energy crisis equitably and globally...
...Undaunted, Sakharov continued to demand help for his gravely ill friend and finally secured treatment for him in a prison hospital...
...Initially the problems were internal, consisting of political in-fighting among staff members and growing demands for higher pay...
...fPresent-day nuclear reactors, whether civilian or military, are fueled with radioactive materials and produce radioactive waste heat and highly toxic, long-lasting, non-biodegradable radioactive residues...
...In our modern era the techniques for eliminating a troublemaker are more sophisticated...
...It seems an endless task...
...The enthusiastic cooperation or use of prominent and respected scientists was appallingly routine, Marks reveals...
...doctors administered mescaline to unwitting prisoners...
...14.95...
...As its title suggests, Criminal Violence, Criminal Justice by Charles E. Silberman proceeds in two parts...
...To control minds THE SEARCH FOR THE "MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE": THE CIA AND MIND CONTROL by lohn Marks Times Books...
...Spying on Americans, his study of modern political surveillance, argues that a profound subversion of the constitutional system has taken place since 1936...
...He concludes with a description of the Voice under its present owner, the Australian newspaper magnate Rupert Murdoch...
...Silberman's thesis about criminal courts is one instance of a theme that recurs constantly in his book: the need for legal institutions to earn and command public respect...
...Although she could work only a few hours a day, she wrote assiduously, carried on a copious correspondence, and read fiction and theology omnivorously...
...Without doubt the Voice was "the headquarters of something called the New Journalism," the model for a raft of unsuccessful imitators, and an influence on magazines from Harper's to Esquire...
...Kirschenbaum's long biography is cluttered with professional awards, intramural quarrels, and laudatory tributes, but Rogers emerges as an independent, immensely human innovator...
...The idea, in the end, was to look for the potential "Manchurian candidate," the drug-wired assassin...
...Kovalev received a ten-year sentence in a typical political trial...
...This is the central message of Dr...
...Caldicott's view of our present predicament is certainly correct...
...Each reactor is really a piece in a larger fuel cycle, which Caldicott calls the cycle of death...
...Characteristically, Sakharov ended his Socratic questioning with a litany for the release of 109 political prisoners who shared his "honor," each of their lives representing "a hard and heroic destiny, years of suffering, years of struggling for human dignity...
...His openness to experience is a dominant theme in both his personal and professional life, according to Howard Kirschenbaum in this biography...
...For twenty-two years his widow never knew the real story...
...f Insofar as political and economic elites are locked into the nuclear alternative, they hasten the time of nuclear reckoning for us all...
...15...
...Slavery initiated a pattern of white oppression and black catastrophe...
...Elizabeth's Hospital in Washington, launched the intelligence agencies' foray into secret drug testing by setting up a "truth drug" committee for the Office of Strategic Services, the CIA's wartime predecessor, in 1943...
...they were free to write what they wanted, not what the editor wanted them to write, not what they thought wouldn't get red-penciled...
...Mrs...
...A case could be made for the existence of two constitutional systems: the limited and defined powers of the checks and balances model and the expansive, vaguely worded authorizations of the Presidential model...
...8.95...
...A journalist, he cannot explain a theory or make an argument without referring to the individual and his story...
...The most useful lines of her thinking are found in her no-nonsense description of the medical hazards of radioactivity, her discussion of its role in the nuclear fuel cycle, her understanding of the relationship between nuclear reactor and nuclear weapons proliferation, and her knowledge that human survival no longer depends on the action of any single elite but on the determined actions of us all...
...If the prisoners had not been poor, he said, they would not have committed crimes...
...Silberman avoids the inhumanity of extreme reductionism...
...While Caldicott's prescription in Nuclear Madness: What You Can Do is not new, it is offered with the common sense and simplicity that should help people to see and to resist the nuclearization of the planet...
...Drawing on extensive interviews with past and present staffers, McAuliffe recreates these early years and makes clear that even before the paper's heyday in the 1960s Wolf and Fancher had struck upon their successful editorial formula: no formula at all...
...McAuliffe, who teaches journalism at Fairleigh Dickinson University and has contributed to The Progressive, includes a generous sampling of Voice stories that appeared in each year of the paper's history...
...We soon come to understand that, in the struggle for basic human rights, an observer inevitably becomes a combatant, his family and friends hostages...
...It is as if Doctor Caldicott persuaded Helen Caldicott to give us a clinically correct prescription for survival in the hope of easing us through the death encounter so that we might more quickly begin the business of living...
...The odds that a criminal will escape arrest, conviction, and incarceration dwindle drastically as he commits more crimes...
...The author makes plain not only how but also why people resist facing the truth...
...Theoharis seems to believe that constitutional principles and constraints were alive and well before Franklin Roosevelt's first directive to Hoover, and the subsequent interpretation suffers from that assumption...
...Inside and behind art museums The Art Museum: Money, Power & Ethics, by Karl E. Meyer (Morrow...
...In this case one must ask questions both about the period since 1936 and, more importantly, about the overall perspective Theoharis brings to his book...
...The result was a "well-unmanaged" weekly put out by dedicated, underpaid staffers, many of them writers pleased to escape other situations — such as Seymour Krim, who was weary of reviewing books for Commentary, and Nat Hentoff, a jazz critic who wanted to turn to social comment...
...Sakharov does not rest on his laurels...
...There are gaps in the evidence...
...Silberman ends his book with the fervent hope that we become "truly one society...
...he just let his writers write and hoped that "something would work out all right...
...Anonymous callers delivered threats of murder if Sakharov did not cease his public protests...
...Both produce radioactive carcinogens, some of which can be used in the manufacture of further atomic weapons...
...There are some annoying stylistic quirks in McAuliffe's writing (people are "into" things a lot here), but aside from them McAuliffe has succeeded admirably in his story of a publication whose freshness and excitement once made each Thursday a special day in New York...
...Because it argues for new perceptions of, and solutions for, old problems, the justice section calls underlying assumptions into question with an urgency that the first part does not...
...McAuliife notes factors other than Wolfs unusual receptivity to writers that accounted for the Voice's phenomenal growth...
...Even if many government hearings, inside exposes, and historical monographs have already surveyed the terrain, Spying on Americans is a distinct contribution to the geography of surveillance Narrowly focused on the relationships between the Presidents and their intelligence apparatus, it analyzes the issues of executive oversight and control, agency autonomy, and the origin and expansion of the abuses they perpetrated...
...As we learn from this collection of interviews, petitions, letters, and essays chronicling the past three years of Sakharov's travails, his wife was accused of purveying "a filthy slander" against Soviet reality, his son expelled on rigged charges from an institute, the families of two stepchildren hounded out of the country...
...Based on documents received under Freedom of Information requests and supplemented with interviews of both participants and victims, The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate": the CIA and Mind Control is the strongest testimony yet to a need for strict controls on the CIA...
...The judges — all Americans — swept aside their defense that the interests of science and the support of their ghoulish experiments by the state absolved them of guilt...
...In the 1960s many of these writers stayed on or moved to larger publications which had begun noticing Voice writers...
...Crime and justice CRIMINAL VIOLENCE, CRIMINAL JUSTICE by Charles E. Silberman Random House...
...Why are prisoners of conscience worked to exhaustion on a starvation diet...
...He recognizes always that theories tell only parts of stories...
...After the lecture, a guard asked a prisoner what he thought of Darrow...
...for street criminals, the proportion is two-thirds to three-quarters...
...Jeffrey Stein (Jeffrey Stein, a former intelligence officer in Vietnam, is Washington correspondent for the Boston Phoenix...
...A tool for clear thinking as well as convincing others...
...so, too, did the number of violent crimes...
...The dwindling number of dissenters does not shock Sakharov...
...Joseph Barbato (Joseph Barbato is a free-lance writer based in New York...
...Marks's findings contradict the assurances last year by CIA Director Stansfield Turner that full-throttle agency experiments in mind control had ended in the 1960s with the demise of MKULTRA, the CIA's principal drug testing program...
...The tortured reasoning of modern cold warriors has not added one treacherous category to the age-old doctrines of remote tendency and indirect causation...
...Here is a clear simply written basic guide to logical thinking, showing how to spot the fallacies, the prejudices and emotionalism, the inappropriate analogies, etc., in the other fellow's argument and how to watch for and avoid the irrational in your own judgments...
...Under cover of the Manhattan Project, the OSS began searching for the mind-bending properties of marijuana and, later, LSD...
...Darrow preached a rigid economic determinism...
...At Dan Wolfs paper," McAuliffe writes, "there was no matrix to be impressed upon the writers who came in, no in-house mold for them to fit...
...The fact is that Wolf "didn't know what the hell an editor was supposed to do anyway...
...For all the pitfalls he confronted, Silberman has written a remarkable book...
...Now seventy-six, psychologist and educator Carl Rogers continues to explore new trails in learning, behavioral science, and the process of change...
...The Federal Government's "Balkan profusion of power centers" has muddied the development of a national arts policy, Meyer claims, and he believes the Museum Services Institute can provide national guidelines for museum funding and management...
...The New York newspaper strike of 1962 helped bring the Voice's circulation to 25,000...
...they would not have been convicted...
...His work has appeared in Change, Smithsonian, and other publications...
...Why, after thirty years of banishment, are the Tartars still not permitted to return to their Crimean homeland...
...The crimes that the rich committed, small thefts from many people, did not bring imprisonment...
...In the 1960s and 1970s, the proportion of the population between fourteen and twenty-four soared...
...Orlikow survived her ordeal...
...individual criminals do not...
...His archival detective work illuminates the ways by which our modern day officials deceive each other, their superiors, their Congressional opponents — and also minimize exposure, maintain credibility, avoid political risk and embarrassment, and above all escape accountability...
...540 pp...
...A Soviet Dissenter ALARM AND HOPE by Andrei D. Sakharov Edited by Efrem Yankelovich and Alfred Friendly Ir...
...Why are invalids not allowed to obtain artificial limbs abroad...
...After three years of research for the Twentieth Century Fund, journalist Karl Meyer wrote this report on the funding, management, and politics of U.S...
...But Nuclear Madness is not without its limitations...
...They fell into the hands of the fast-dollar men, and the Voice became nothing more, as McAuliffe phrases it, than "booty on the battlefield of venture capitalism...
...But Silberman is also a journalist tangling with experts...
...Such mixed results fail to demoralize Sakharov or to deflect him from his ultimate aim, to humanize a society built "on the bones of the Gulag slaves and [on] the ruthless exploitation of human and natural resources...
...The paper's various causes — the fight to save Washington Square Park from Robert Moses's highway-building plans, the off-Broadway theater, and the battle to oust Village political leader Carmine DeSapio — attracted many readers...
...If they did not know everything, their own partisan necessities, anti-communism, and sense of executive privilege paralleled and encouraged the perverse commitments of the intelligence community...
...UCriminal courts do a far better job than the public recognizes in properly convicting and incarcerating defendants...
...David Jonathan Cohen (David Jonathan Cohen is a taw clerk for a Federal district court judge...
...Perhaps improving criminal courts, juvenile courts, the police, and the prisons will increase respect for law and deter crime...
...Though Darrow's doctrine shifted the burden of the prisoner's guilt, it removed from him the pride of volition...
...The trip would wind up — to borrow some hyperbole from the musical Hair — with 'the youth of America on LSD.' " The rest of the CIA's ethical landscape is equally bleak: slipping LSD into the drinks of unsuspecting customers at bars, "studying" sex with hookers, and so on...
...The explanation is psychological, sociological, and historical...
...bereft of defense witnesses or counsel, he was convicted of "slandering the Soviet state" by describing the repression of others...
...Wolf, who had learned to be tight-fisted about money in the paper's early days, did not respond to salary demands or staff demands for a larger role in the paper's operation...
...he is at his best in recounting the inside politics of the Metropolitan, the Museum of Modern Art, the Smithsonian, and the National Art Gallery...
...Weekly gadfly THE GREAT AMERICAN NEWSPAPER: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE VILLAGE VOICE by Kevin Michael McAuliffe Charles Scribner's Sons...
...As we strip away our nuclear illusions, one truth remains: the only way to prevent the radioactive contamination of our bodies is to get out of the fission business, quickly and completely...
...Inherent," "implied," and "emergency" powers to maintain public safety and community security have sanctioned similar unchecked invasions of personal liberty throughout American history...
...352 pp...
...The crucial elusive issue for the years since Franklin D. Roosevelt is that of Presidential oversight, as Theoharis himself admits...
...Athan Theoharis, professor of history at Marquette University and a consultant on intelligence matters to the House Subcommittee on Information and Individual Rights, is a prominent and effective proponent of that school of interpretation...
...He illustrates statistics with anecdotes and enriches analyses of abstract trends with insight into, and compassion for, the people who make them up...
...His argument is a compelling and humanitarian one...
...A consensus existed...
...In the 1960s, "LSD would escape from the closed world of scholar and spy," Marks writes, "and it would play a major role in causing a cultural upheaval that would have an impact both on global politics and on intimate personal beliefs...
...Poverty may have been a part of the prisoner's story, but it was not all of it...
...Wolf was the editor, Fancher the publisher, and neither knew what he was doing...
...It was an extraordinary policy, but it worked...
...Why are sane dissidents confined in "special" psychiatric hospitals...
...It was "fun, fun, fun," wrote one of the CIA men...
...He fumes over condensations of his statements in the Western press...
...You're afraid you've gone off somewhere and can't come back...
...The rationale, of course, was the suspicion that the Russians might be doing the same thing...
...Books Briefly Southern writer's letters The Habit of Being: Letters of Flannery O'Connor, edited, with an introduction, by Sally Fitzgerald (Farrar, Straus & Giroux...
...Why, Sakharov demanded, can Soviet teenagers not bike across European frontiers without being suspected of espionage...
...That Voice died when Wolf and Fancher "chose badly" at selling time...
...It was terrifying," she remembers...
...Our doctors and bureaucrats have been luckier...
...Aubyn $6.95 plus 85C handling 10-day Money-Back Guar...
...In classical Athens a philosophical gadfly was put to death...
...A progressive in spirit, he was outspoken in his opposition to Senator Joseph R. McCarthy's witchhunts in the 1950s and to the Vietnam war...
...While not always exciting to read, Theoharis's excessively detailed narrative surveys the internal memoranda, authorizations, reauthorizations, and reinterpretations of the critical documents the way a skilled diplomatic historian mines the position papers and notes of foreign office bureaucracies...
...two others were murdered...
...In that perspective "only the names have been changed" but not to protect the innocent...
...Plagued with illness, short story writer and novelist Flannery O'Connor lived most of her life in the confines of Milledgeville, Georgia...
...being reflected in the rising rate of cancer, the chance of genetic damage for some, and the increased likelihood of thermonuclear war for all...
...In a Talmudic myth, God spares the world from destruction as long as there remain ten just men...
...f From a medical standpoint, there is no fundamental difference between the so-called peaceful atom and the atomic bomb...
...Still, Sakharov perseveres, for he knows "the only weapon in our struggle is publicity, the open and free word...
...J. Edgar Hoover's first two laws of illegal surveillance must have been: An action that can be denied can be taken, and if anything can be covered up, it will be...
...If the post-Watergate reforms fail, the democratic republic will never be the same again...
...Before crime will cease, Silberman suggests, we must have close-knit families and communities with shared values...
...In the second part Silberman studies components of the criminal justice system...
...The Depression and World War II combined with the demographic shift to lower crime rates markedly...
...Here, the writers did not serve the editors...
...While much of it supports the conclusion that agency heads had a dangerous autonomy free from executive knowledge or control, there is abundant material suggesting that Presidents had no qualms about the extensive illegal practices that developed...
...Orlikow was injected with LSD one to four times a week and left alone in the room without supervision, instructed to write down whatever came into her head as she listened to a tape recorder playing excerpts from her last session with the doctor...
...Frank Olson, the most well-known victim of CIA drug testing, did not...
...Each name of a prisoner is crucial to that person's survival: beamed back to Russia by foreign broadcasts, this exposes the bureaucratic Mafia and becomes an item in the next diplomatic encounter to barter trade concessions for human rights...
...race perpetuated it...
...12.95...
...She delighted in the absurd and in Georgia "country talk," and her letters abound in weird language and spelling...
...Winfred Overholser, head of St...
...This can and must be done, Caldicott is convinced, by an informed citizenry refusing to acquiesce in its own destruction...
...331 pp...
...All those tricky memoranda that J. Edgar Hoover devised to conceal his purposes and cover his flanks may not even have been necessary...
...However clear the writing, when arguments are complex and sophisticated reading goes slowly...
...The founders, both growing older and not a little tired after so many lean years, were prepared to sell when Carter Burden, a young man with money, came along with an offer in 1970...
...Using the lessons of elementary physics and biology, and drawing upon the rapidly growing body of medical information and changed perceptions about the radioactive threat, Caldicott advances her case against the continued build-up of nuclear weapons and reactors: IfSince 1945, man has been adding humanly-made radioactivity to the biosphere at rates and with medical and social consequences that are just now Mark Reader, a political scientist at Arizona State University, is active in the anti-nuclear movement...
...They are not specific to, and did not originate with, the Cold War...
...Has America bitten the apple and been expelled from the Eden created by the constitutional wisdom of its founding fathers...
...10511 other staff members — the poets who sold ads, the dancers who did dummies, and the actors who ran messages between auditions...
...Where else could a red-blooded American boy lie, kill, cheat, steal, rape, and pillage with the sanction and blessing of the All-Highest...
...Individual crimes may go unpunished...
...Why are religious believers persecuted for teaching their children...
...By the 1970s, the Voice had demonstrated that it was both influential and highly profitable, and the troubles began...
...486 pp...
...It is a story that begins quietly enough, in 1954, when two friends — Dan Wolf, a thirty-nine-year-old writer and editor, and Ed Fancher, thirty, a psychologist with a small inheritance — decided to pool their resources with novelist Norman Mailer and begin a new avant-garde weekly in Greenwich Village...
...Sakharov himself was beleaguered in a two-room flat, denied permission to move its seven occupants to larger quarters, and his mail and phone calls were intercepted by the KGB...
...Equally ambitious programs, Marks found, continued into the 1970s under the agency's Office of Research and Development...
...618 pp...
...They need to explain to us what they do and how they do it...
...In those Eisenhower years, the Village was an enclave of ideas and nonconformity, and it was for this growing community of artists and writers that the paper was launched...
...In one room in late 1956 and early 1957 was Val Orlikow, the wife of a member of the Canadian parliament who was suffering from what she calls a "character neurosis that started with postpartum depression...
...Because it allows full rein to Silberman's gift for anecdote, insight, and detail, this section is the more satisfying of the two...
...only then can we properly acculturate the young and reform the deviant...
...Essentially apolitical, she admired conservative Russell Kirk, disliked James Baldwin, and loved Proust...
...The nuclear physicist sent his wife to Oslo in his place to argue that without the rule of reason there could be neither an informed public at home nor trust in cooperative agreements abroad...
...Traditional values and constraints were no match for the partisan, expedient, and dangerous deformities that the intelligence agencies and their executive overseers created in the name of national security...
...In those early years, when everybody worked sixteen hours a day six days a week, the editors included John Wilcock and Jerry Talmer, the writers Bill Manville and Gilbert Seldes...
...The great excitement of Criminal Violence, Criminal Justice is in the range and novelty of the ideas Silber-man offers...
...However careful the exposition, when an author broaches so many ideas occasional superficiality becomes inevitable...
...When Sakharov was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975 for his "love of truth and strong belief in the inviolability of the human being, his fight against violence and brutality, his courageous defense of freedom of the spirit," Soviet authorities denied him an exit visa as "the possessor of exceptionally important state and military secrets...
...Social control" is a phrase that peppers Silberman's book...
...In one wing were the "sleep rooms" where the treatment took place, and the patients who knew what went on in those rooms were so terrified they would creep down the other side of the hall when they had to pass by...
...When he joined the annual December 5 vigil in Pushkin Square to commemorate the victims of Stalin's purges, "hundreds of specially trained thugs" surrounded the silent demonstrators, beat them, and broke their glasses...
...They poured snow and mud out of special paper bags on my bare head," Sakharov told a Western newsman who asked how his life has changed since the Nobel award...
...Along the way it became the most successful weekly newspaper in the country, a breeding ground for outstanding journalists, a model for writers and alternative publishers, and an exasperating thorn to establishments everywhere...
...It may well become the most effective instructional tool yet developed in the current nuclear debate...
...At the Nuremberg trial, Marks reminds us, none of the Nazi doctors expressed remorse...
...McAuliffe relates all the subsequent events and intrigues, including the changes at the Voice first under Burden and then, following the paper's 1974 merger with New York magazine, its new direction under Clay Felker (who, McAuliffe claims, took "the most exciting American newspaper of its generation" and "built a monument to vulgarity with it...
...The notion that the system has been breaking down only since 1936 is even more debatable...
...How could it be otherwise," he asks in Alarm and Hope, "in a state where everyone is either a hired hand of the government or a functionary, and all live in total dependence on the state...
...You could hear the screams all over the hospital...
...We should also recognize that neither were his immediate predecessors...
...His book is informative, rich in anecdotes, and highly readable...
...art museums, which in recent years have burgeoned in popularity...
...In the first part Silberman surveys crime, violence, and race in the United States...
...Olson would find that the official, classified internal judgment of CIA officials on her husband's death was that the CIA's decision to drug Olson was a case of "poor judgment...
...Darrow's doctrine challenged an established order of which, in however unfortunate a manner, the prisoner was an integral part...
...The idea of anticipatory criminality, that a potential for illegal behavior can justify surveillance or coercive restraint, has had a long historical development dating back to the juvenile and alien legislation of the Nineteenth Century and then serving as the ideological justification for the containment of all dissent...
...Surveillance and disruption are the covert forms of control that a constitutional system uses to suppress dissent it cannot otherwise manage...
...He is chairman of the history department at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice and is the author of "Aliens and Dissenters...
Vol. 43 • May 1979 • No. 5
