Carter and the Arms Race
COMMENT Carter and the Arms Race Every candidate who has successfully sought the Presidency of the United States in the last three decades has promised the American people that he would devote his...
...The bill would also authorize the use of "other surveillance devices" to acquire "information"—neither term defined...
...I'm worried," says Dixie Lee Ray, former head of the Atomic Energy Commission, "about our industry losing potential nuclear contracts because we require more rigid conditions than the International Atomic Energy Agency or other countries...
...Carter's promise to try to' 'control,'' then "reduce," and finally "eliminate" nuclear weaponry becomes an amiable abstraction that the most zealous militarist can cheerfully embrace...
...THE HIGHER LEARNING...
...He insisted on his right to stay with his wife, but each visit became the occasion for police harassment, new arrests, and the threat of another prison term unless he broke his vow not to leave his native land...
...Amalrik turned the experience into a devastating account of the "idiocy of rural life," Involuntary Journey to Siberia, which describes the life of peasants doing the minimum of collective tasks so they can eke out their subsistence growing vegetables and livestock for private sale...
...In May 1974, the Pentagon awarded a $65,000 contract for repairs to a ceiling at the National War College...
...about a thousand are expected to be imprisoned this year as total resistance to the military increases...
...Kissinger's response to Pakistan's proposed reprocessing plant was another exercise in arms-sales diplomacy: The United States will allow the sale of some 100 A-7 jet fighter-bombers to Pakistan, if Pakistan, in turn, agrees to cancel the order for the French reprocessing plant...
...Kissinger's quite appropriate concern is that once such nations as Pakistan, Brazil, Egypt, Israel, Korea, Argentina, South Africa, Taiwan, and a few dozen others have access to plutonium, the nuclear arms race will be completely out of control...
...Around him has developed a movement that transcends national borders...
...This year has brought the Ukrainian cybernetician Leonid Plyushch to Paris, the Jewish mathematician Alexander Luntz to Jerusalem, and the iconoclast historian Alexander Nekrich to Rome...
...Others had been arrested in March for the same "crime," on charges of larceny, but those charges were dropped when Kroger found it embarrassing to put a price on its discarded food...
...the accused would not even be given an adequate right to challenge the legality of the wiretap...
...An aide told The Wall Street Journal that the candidate "has let it be known that anybody who doesn't act straight, at least through November, is in trouble...
...The critical questions in foreign policy center, obviously, on relations between the United States and the Soviet Union...
...Kissinger defended the deal with the typical rhetoric of "detente": He claimed that Iran plays a crucial "stabilizing role" in the Middle East, and therefore pronounced the agreement to be "in the national interest of the United States...
...troops to fight in "internal" wars, but "if there was a war begun between countries and I felt that our own national security was directly endangered, I would certainly consider sending troops...
...His dissertation was entitled "The Integration of the Visual Media via Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids into the Elementary Schools, Culminating as a Teacher Aid to Achieve Increased Learning...
...QUALITY CONTROL...
...It is long past time for our our Government to abandon its obsessive promotion of the technology of destruction and instead devote itself and American resources to disseminating the technology of life...
...While incurring such catastrophic risks, Washington is tacitly promoting a foreign policy of nuclear proliferation...
...Under the 1974 Vladivostok agreement, which sanctions missiles with multiple warheads, the number of strategic warheads permitted America and Russia will jump by perhaps 300 per cent...
...Since that time in 1963, he has continued to write as he pleases and to make friends of his own choosing, even when they included members of Moscow's foreign colony...
...European trains may not live up to what they used to be in the days of the Fleche D'Or—the wonderful Golden Arrow—from Paris to London, but they are still deluxe by comparison to ours...
...Shortly after Kennedy entered the White House, a Quaker delegation called on him to urge reversal of the insane arms race...
...Wu, who is identified (in Inprecor, a publication of the Trotskyist Fourth International) as "a revolutionary Marxist comrade active in the Asian region," two factions are vying for power in China...
...But his formula for achieving the urgent goal—a "voluntary" moratorium—has already been proposed by Kissinger and emphatically rejected by France and Germany...
...reactor sales...
...Except for Greece and Switzerland, where COs are imprisoned for six to eighteen months, Spain is the only western European country not to recognize any form of conscientious objection...
...In the case of S.3197, Congress could easily take a bad situation and, in the name of "reform," make it infinitely worse...
...Such an alternate program of service had been formally proposed to the Spanish government by the Commission for Justice and Peace in May 1975, supported by such groups as Pax Christi, the International Fellowship of Reconciliation, and War Resisters International, but met no response...
...Even the bill's title is a misnomer, for though the measure supposedly concerns the wiretapping of foreign agents in the United States, it would actually permit the electronic surveillance of American citizens engaged in lawful political activities at home...
...By pursuing this course to deter nuclear proliferation, the United States is still expanding the military capability of developing countries...
...The penalty: hauling manure for three years at a collective farm in the remote Tomsk region...
...Official retribution for such "slander of the Soviet social system" was a so-called trial in Sverdlovsk, off limits to foreign correspondents, and a three-year sentence in a prison camp...
...HARVEY FIRESIDE (Harvey Fireside is a professor of politics at Ithaca College...
...Law and order is for ordinary people, not for such business goliaths as the J.P...
...Back in 1968, scores of nations entered into a compact called the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), which was supposed to prevent the spread of nuclear arms...
...CEILING UNLIMITED...
...Hence the rush to get a measure, any measure, through Congress...
...He asserts, on the contrary, that it is "a very good posture to maintain . . . rough equivalency" with the Soviet Union...
...The Right-to-Food resolution proclaims that "hunger anywhere represents a threat to peace everywhere...
...The strategic arms limitation talks have not slowed down the race but have resulted, instead, in a vast expansion of the nuclear arsenal...
...Since nuclear war must be either limited or total, Carter seemed to be taking a forthright stand in opposition to any kind of nuclear engagement...
...One, led by Mao Tse-tung, believes in "horizontal democracy," a hard line toward the Soviet Union, and a de facto alliance with the United States...
...Domestically, the Government should expand food assistance programs to cover more of the needy, improve those programs so that they insure an adequate diet for the recipients, work toward full employment so that people can feed themselves, and provide "a floor of economic decency for everyone...
...we have merely been told that the Shah has given his solemn promise that Iran would send all of its spent uranium out of the country to be reprocessed...
...Amalrik derided the illegality of the proceedings and told the court, "I think the development of ideological emancipation, once begun, is irreversible...
...Reprocessing plants separate plutonium from the spent fuel rods of nuclear reactors, and plutonium is one of the two substances—the other is enriched uranium-235—from which nuclear bombs are made...
...The $10 billion arrangement between Germany and Brazil, says Senator Abraham Ribicoff, Connecticut Democrat, was consummated after the Germans learned that "an American company was trying to sell Brazil an enrichment plant...
...more often than not it results in no loaf at all...
...Kissinger's official journeys to such developing countries as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Taiwan, Brazil, and South Korea have coincided remarkably with the initiation of new arms sales agreements between U.S...
...The resolution calls on the United States to initiate a war on hunger at home and abroad...
...Missing the Train I was brought up on and in Henry Ford's Model T, but my favorite mode of distance travel in those days of a dim and distant past was by train...
...One of the bill's most worrisome features is the provision for judicial review of wiretap requests...
...Iran and Israel, both of which will have American-built reactors in the next decade, could plausibly be catalysts for nuclear proliferation in the Middle East...
...the Ford Administration's general policy has been to sell only defensive weapons to nations on the Asian subcontinent...
...In a feeble attempt to save face, the Grand Rapids Kroger has finally agreed to give away its dated and bruised food...
...After 1980, the sale of eight nuclear-power reactors—which are capable of producing the material necessary for nuclear warheads—will begin...
...Before Kissinger earns the right to lecture U.S...
...The issue became politicized in Spain when an articulate young conscientious objector, Pepe Beunza, went to prison in 1971...
...Three black sanitation workers, trying to register in Opa Locka, Florida, were told to come back after the election...
...Losses are silently passed on to consumers, adding to already-inflated shelf prices...
...Although it is accompanied by some twenty-two pages of limitations and disclaimers, the bill clearly leaves unchallenged the President's claim of "inherent power" to act beyond the scope of the legislation...
...A prominent Indian physicist, K. Subrahmayam, justified India's first nuclear test in 1974 on the grounds that since NPT was signed in 1968 "nuclear weapons have quadrupled in number...
...On Christmas Eve the five COs held a press conference and issued a manifesto which began: "To all of you on this Christmas night, we want to send our message of peace, although in doing so we run the risk of being arrested...
...EDWARD P. MORGAN (Edward P. Morgan is a regular commentator on the nationally syndicated "In the Public Interest'' radio series...
...Arms and Alms When it comes to peddling sophisticated weaponry to developing countries, the United States has taken a back seat to no one...
...Spent uranium from a nuclear reactor can be reprocessed, thereby producing reusable uranium, which also serves as fuel for a nuclear reactor, and plutonium, which is the vital element in a nuclear bomb...
...We need to rethink a system in which the wasteful are not only tolerated but rewarded while the needy are jailed...
...Now freed, Pepe does social work and organizes for GOCE, meeting with church and government officials about the imprisoned COs and keeping international contacts...
...The trouble is that the United States initiated the game for which it now blames its allies...
...Invoking the celebrated passage from the Declaration of Independence which gives every man the "unalienable" right to 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," the resolution reasons that the right to life is meaningless unless man has the right to food to sustain life...
...This, as Tunney points out, could cover anything from Ping-pong to wheat prices...
...A judge could be asked to determine whether there is reason to believe the target is an "agent," and whether he uses a certain place or telephone...
...Comedian Bill Cosby has been awarded a Ph.D...
...The parallels to Vietnam are chilling...
...What a thrill to sight the locomotive rounding the bend over the bridge of the Weiser River in Idaho, hear the throaty, exciting groan of the whistle, watch the smoke pouring from the stack, the steam hissing in feathery plumes as the great driving wheels slowed to a stop at the station and the white-coated porters descended from the Pullman vestibules with their metal stools to the platform...
...He enthusiastically supports construction of a new Trident submarine—capable, with its missiles, of destroying any nation on earth—each year...
...The bill would permit the wiretapping of professors at foreign universities, foreign civil servants, and officials of foreign political parties...
...A staff report of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee estimates that Americans involved in Iranian arms programs would number 50,000 to 60,000 by 1980...
...We are putting into practice the idea which a number of persons and institutions have demanded: that a civil service be created which may be done in place of military service...
...A growing number of labor, religious, civil liberties, and public interest organizations have denounced the bill, but S.3197 has been warmly endorsed by the Senate Judiciary Committee, including its "liberal" members...
...Two other conscientious objectors joined the five, and on February 6 of this year, six of them were seized in the night at Can Serra...
...Those which bought power reactors were provided with low-cost financing through the Export-Import Bank, as well as opportunities to buy enriched uranium at less than market value...
...Why do Kennedy and other Senate "liberals" favor this dangerous bill...
...Only Senator John Tunney, California Democrat, chairman of the Judiciary Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, has opposed the legislation, and has been waging a single-handed battle to block the measure during this legislative session...
...There is an additional consideration, not openly expressed: Liberals fear that the Supreme Court might permit more extensive electronic surveillance without warrants...
...The seven young men form the core of a group of Spanish war resisters whose acronym is GOCE...
...corporations and these nations...
...Nations which bought research reactors from American corporations were plied with cash grants of up to $350,000 each and ample technical assistance...
...Internal passport regulations barred him from returning to Moscow, although his wife had an apartment there...
...Black senior citizens in Macon, Georgia, were told to go home and bring back Social Security documents as proof of age...
...Under S.3197," Tunney notes, "if the CIA director wanted to bug the hotel room of the Speaker of the British House of Commons while he was bringing to the Capitol the copy of the Magna Carta, the only issues the judge would get to decide would be whether the Speaker was indeed an employe of the British Government and whether that was in fact his hotel room...
...This resulted in small but unprecedented public demonstrations in Spain, and support marches in other countries...
...If I weren't getting aboard then, I told myself, I would be soon...
...At the Amsterdam airport, Amalrik made clear that this was another "involuntary journey," taken only after the KGB met his terms, which included waiving a 4,000-ruble customs duty on his wife's paintings, works the government had previously denounced...
...Among the 101 counties where blacks are predominant, only six have blacks proportionately represented in government...
...thesis argued that the early Kievan state showed the effects of Norman influence...
...Carter says he would stop the sale of nuclear reprocessing plants because "commercial profit cannot be allowed to prevail over the paramount objective of limiting the spread of nuclear weapons...
...Last spring, after receiving invitations to lecture in western Europe and to take up a fellowship at Harvard University's Russian Research Center, he succumbed to the pressure...
...The worldwide commercial supply of man-made U 235 was only twenty tons in 1970 but will be 3,000 tons in 1990...
...STRANGE BEDFELLOWS...
...For J.P...
...For $5 a year you can subscribe to Pet Rock News, a bimonthly newsletter for "owners of pet rocks and other exotic and esoteric pets...
...Carter is comfortable with the present level of Pentagon spending, though he would trim it by $5 billion to $7 billion to make the military more "muscular...
...They contend that it does place important restrictions on invasions of privacy, at least establishes the principle that court warrants are needed even in "national security" cases, and creates procedures to protect Fourth Amendment rights...
...The High Cost of Waste Frugality, touted since Ben Franklin's time as a great American virtue, is fast becoming an American vice...
...And every occupant of the Oval Office in those same thirty years has presided over a new increase in this nation's bloated arsenal...
...If GM inspected every piston ring the way we inspect chickens, a new Chevrolet would cost $20,000...
...In Iran, the Secretary of State concluded an agreement that will allow the Shah to purchase $10 billion worth of military hardware before 1980...
...Kissinger's most recent trip to Iran and Pakistan was an ominous example of arms-sales diplomacy...
...It made me wonder anew what our Western European, Japanese and, for that matter, Chinese friends must think of the way we travel—those handful of us who haven't totally given up the ghost—by train...
...When Amalrik refused to abide by the dicta of his overseers, he was expelled from the university...
...Portugal's new constitution recognizes alternate civilian service, and amnesty has been granted during the past two years...
...their model operated on easily available natural uranium (U 238) instead of the isotope U 235, which was not only scarce but had to be enriched first by an expensive chemical process...
...Stable deterrence'' was forgotten as Kennedy succumbed—like every other recent President—to the pressures for military "superiority...
...But the bill, scheduled for Senate debate this fall, presents a clear and present danger to civil rights and liberties, and threatens to expand rather than curtail the Government's authority to wiretap...
...Moveover, the measure would explicitly permit wiretapping of "foreign powers"—allied as well as hostile —to obtain "foreign intelligence information" or intelligence essential to the "conduct of foreign affairs...
...Stevens, the wages of sin are rather handsome—profits of $36.5 million last year...
...Blacks still lose jobs for exercising their rights, and in one instance two would-be registrants were arrested as "drunks...
...JUDITH MILLER (Judith Miller is The Progressive's Washington correspondent...
...Agriculture Secretary Earl L. Butz, commenting on a request by consumer groups for a review of food safety regulations: "I don't know why we have to look at every bird that comes down the line...
...Even now, judges rarely reject wiretap requests...
...Non-members of the "nuclear club" pledged themselves not to buy or produce nuclear weapons, and in return the United States and the Soviets pledged to "pursue negotiations in good faith" for "cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date" and eventual total nuclear disarmament...
...And on an hour and three-quarters run we managed to be a half hour late, missing a commuter connection...
...We are some men of military age who, since August, have been working in the quarter of Can Serra de l'Hospitalet, one of those which lacks the most needed services...
...After the reactors are built, however, the power of the United States to hold Iran to its promise will inevitably diminish...
...Italy and France, however, make it difficult for conscientious objectors to be so classified, and many are in prison...
...the rest was given away to neighborhood needy, a soup kitchen, and a program for former offenders...
...His flat refusal so incensed the authorities that they had him tried as a "parasite" who could demonstrate no legitimate employment...
...This seemingly innocuous premise clashed with official requirements to minimize any foreign nexus of Russian history...
...By now, the pattern should be as familiar as it is absurd...
...It plans to use French help in constructing the reprocessing plant...
...The feature of the bill most hotly contested by Tunney and the American Civil Liberties Union, however, is what is known as the "Presidential prerogative" section...
...The next round of Amalrik's fire came in the essay, Will the Soviet Union Survive until 1984...
...This is not surprising, for America's armament industry is aided by the world's most prestigious door-to-door salesman—Secretary of State Henry Kissinger...
...The bill's principal virtue is that it would, for the first time, require that warrants be obtained from Federal courts to wiretap suspected foreign agents...
...According to S.S...
...Now Jimmy Carter talks about ending the arms race, and many liberals are ready, once again, to lose their hearts and minds...
...Since Kissinger assumed his post in 1973, arms sales to foreign nations have skyrocketed—to a current annual total of more than $8 billion worth of the most modern instruments in the technology of destruction...
...When he was finally released last year, Amalrik resumed his role as gadfly...
...SIDNEY LENS NO COMMENT FRONTIERS OF FREE ENTERPRISE...
...The notion of a Presidential prerogative to violate the laws on national security grounds," says Tunney, "is similar to the theory used to burglarize the office of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist...
...In the event of war in the Middle East, then, Americans will be confronted with a grave choice: to abandon Iran and its U.S-supplied military or continue American involvement in an "advisory" capacity...
...Each of these unlikely political collaborators lauded the virtues of the "Foreign Surveillance Intelligence Act"—the first piece of legislation to result from two years' disclosures of gross violations of constitutional rights by the nation's intelligence agencies and the Executive branch...
...The man from Plains, Georgia seems to have left the door to nuclear adventure wide open...
...A month later, however, when interviewers from the Hearst newspapers asked Carter whether he could foresee "any circumstance in which we would be justified in resorting to a first strike with nuclear weapons, strategic or tactical,'' the candidate replied that he would order a "first strike"—a surprise nuclear attack—"if I was convinced that the existence or the security of our nation was threatened...
...And, of course," Tunney notes, "such a bug or tap would intrude upon all those Americans who talk with such foreigners, including reporters, political activists, members of Congress, and many others...
...They organized themselves last year to do voluntary social work in a slum bordering Barcelona, and asked the Spanish government to recognize this civilian service as an alternative to the military service which they refuse...
...His final triumph over the inanities of Soviet officialdom should not make us lose sight of the spiritual tragedy of exile, particularly for a writer torn from his cultural roots...
...The sale of arms—whether conventional or nuclear— threatens worldwide peace...
...BIPARTISAN BARBER...
...In the first place, it is now impossible to park closer than three blocks from Washington's Union Station...
...With the sale of the nuclear reactors, the legions of U.S...
...Typical vignettes picture a company store that keeps its customers in perpetual debt, a primitive schoolhouse staffed by a part-time milkmaid, visiting student volunteers who bumble their chores, and a work party that doesn't bother creosoting electric poles in marshy ground, though they will collapse next season, to fulfill the current "quota...
...Thus, the cycle of proliferation grows: One nation explodes a bomb, and its frantic neighbors rush headlong into the nuclear death race...
...It would allow the Government to eavesdrop on the microwave portion of long distance calls for ninety days without a warrant, as long as the operation is conducted to "test the equipment...
...Here, Carter's positions are barely distinguishable from President Ford's—or, for that matter, from Ronald Reagan's...
...His registration form arrived with no return address, and seven cents' postage due...
...So far, the Spanish government has refused to recognize any form of conscientious objection or alternate service...
...Kennedy's advice remains appropriate: Jimmy Carter may (or may not) be an honorable and well intentioned human being, but unless we can mobilize the American people to shout themselves hoarse, a Carter Administration will merely mean four more years of perilous and potentially suicidal military policies...
...International War Resisters This summer, a young Spaniard, Jesus Vinas Cirera, was sentenced to four years in prison for refusing military service, and six others still await sentencing at this writing...
...On the run back to Washington we were almost twenty minutes late—and this happened on the fastest train in the East...
...It has become fashionable, particularly in this election year, to point with pride at the pace of progress toward racial equality in the South...
...SNAP, CRACKLE, POP...
...The original five COs decided to go ahead with the needed work, and in a few months had a program...
...The "theft" was part of a two-year protest against Kroger's practice of throwing away edible food...
...The Justice Department would enjoy the right of judge shopping," Tunney says...
...The Right-to-Food resolution states simply that every person in the world has the right to a nutritionally adequate diet...
...Under the cover of a "foreign intelligence" warrant, the bill would permit the eavesdropping agent to conduct a fishing expedition for evidence of any crime at all...
...The President, polite and even affable as usual, told the Quakers that if they could mobilize the American people to shout themselves hoarse for disarmament, he would be pleased to lead the crusade...
...indeed, he sought "ironclad assurances" that Iran would never produce its own nuclear arsenal...
...He would strengthen America's NATO allies with new weaponry, including "precision guided missiles...
...They appear doomed to the fate that made Andrei Sinyavsky explode, "Mother Russia, you bitch, you will have to answer for these children of yours, whom you brought up and then shamefully flung onto the rubbish heap...
...Ten pounds of the stuff, little bigger than a baseball, is enough to make a bomb comparable to the one that devastated Hiroshima in 1945...
...I haven't taken a transcontinental train journey since 1964, but I did board the Metroliner not long ago from Washington to Philadelphia and return...
...A New Threat to Freedom In one of Washington's rare legislative love-ins, President Ford, Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and Attorney General Edward H. Levi assembled at the White House recently to unveil a bipartisan bill ostensibly aimed at protecting American civil liberties by limiting warrantless "national security" wiretaps...
...The United States now ranks fourteenth among the seventeen most developed Western nations in its outlays for development aid...
...ANN MORRISSETT DAVIDON (Ann Davidon is a free-lance writer, a peace activist, and a member of the council of War Resisters International...
...ASHES TO ASHES...
...But apart from the long overdue provision, the bill is so vague that it would authorize unprecedented violations of the Fourth Amendment, which protects citizens from such "unreasonable searches" as wiretapping...
...At this rate, it will take blacks eighty years to gain a proportional voice in local and state government...
...Carter promises he would not send U.S...
...The Democratic candidate would delay production of the useless and enormously expensive B-l bomber "at this point,'' but he favors continuing expenditures for its "research and development...
...In an interview with The New York Times on June 24, Carter ruled out the "possibility of a limited nuclear war," explaining quite sensibly that "once you start using these weapons you are likely to get into an all-out war...
...Presumably, Carter as President would decide and eventually let us know...
...But as President, Kennedy added $6 billion to the military budget and provided the Pentagon with nuclear submarines, more missiles, and a multitude of additional warheads, so that a strategic confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union would leave each superpower with at least 120 million corpses...
...The dangerous and discredited policies of the past are alive and well, expanded and revised, in Carter's program...
...Giving the "bum's rush" to the most articulate critics has increasingly become the regime's response to the domestic hosts of alien "ideological infection...
...In the name of profit, it is now every nation for itself, and the danger of proliferating nuclear arms be damned...
...The other, called the "reversionists," seeks greater internal stability, opposes the "cultural revolution," and hopes for coexistence not only with the West but with the Soviet Union...
...But as Amnesty International's report on Prisoners of Conscience in the USSR reminds us, there are still some 10,000 political and religious prisoners in Soviet camps, jails, and psychoprisons...
...Information and support for the growing Spanish movement are being coordinated by the War Resist-ers International, 35 rue van Elewyck, 1050 Brussels...
...If Carter has any thoughts about bringing the Pentagon to brook, or curbing the inordinate power of the military-industrial complex, he is keeping them carefully out of sight...
...allies on the dangers of proliferation, he ought to do a little lecturing at Foggy Bottom...
...Kissinger did not completely ignore the nuclear potential that America would be giving Iran...
...PERSPECTIVES Under somewhat different circumstances, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger might deserve an accolade for lecturing France and Germany about selling nuclear reprocessing plants to Pakistan and Brazil...
...Twelve Spanish members of Pax Christi who demonstrated in Madrid for the COs were arrested in May and released in June, but legal proceedings continue...
...In August, he issued a thirteen-point statement of dissent, calling attention to the measure's staggering potential for abuse...
...And I hear the trains in China are comfortable, clean, and efficient—with time for some lessons by Chairman Mao over the loudspeaker in your coach...
...People are already biodegradable...
...Milton Pitts, who goes to the White House every ten days to give President Ford a shampoo, trim, and hair styling, has announced that he thinks Jimmy Carter's hair is "styled very well...
...Though many former hawks—including such veteran Cold Warriors as Clark Clifford and McGeorge Bundy—now concede that the United States needs no more than a couple of hundred nuclear warheads to maintain '' stable deterrence," Carter has shown no interest in reducing the arsenal of 30,000 warheads or curtailing the production of three new nuclear bombs a day...
...A target of 1 per cent of the annual gross national product, to be achieved gradually, is suggested by the resolution for the foreign aid program...
...And then we need to act to ensure that in a hungry world, human needs come first...
...Detente, the Democratic candidate tells us, "has been exploited by the Soviet Union...
...Carter's most substantive proposal is a five-year moratorium on nuclear testing, but he offers no clue as to how it will be achieved...
...Two members of a Grand Rapids cooperative were arrested in July and charged with trespassing while removing food from the trash bins behind a local Kroger store...
...A shuttle limousine may or may not pick you up...
...Still, in this quadrennial exercise in deception and self-deception, the proclivity persists to take campaign rhetoric at face value and hope for the best...
...troops from Korea "by agreement" with the governments of Japan and South Korea—though the latter has already rejected that idea...
...Gadfly in Exile Andrei Amalrik's recent departure under duress from the Soviet Union takes one of the regime's most persistent critics out of circulation...
...That rationale, which has been repeatedly applied by U.S...
...When President Eisenhower proclaimed his noted "atoms-for-peace" program in December 1953, the British were a few steps ahead in the development of a power reactor...
...But the sale of conventional arms is now regarded as a "sweetener" to entice nations into forgoing their nuclear prerogative...
...If your bags are heavy, that's a problem...
...So what happens now...
...Under the legislation, Americans could be wiretapped without any prior indication that they are engaged in criminal activity...
...But the details of these "assurances" have not been made public...
...What Eisenhower did— and what his successors have continued doing—to assure most of the world market for the likes of General Electric and Westinghouse, was to provide huge subsidies to underwrite U.S...
...Amalrik's answer to this Orwellian question was negative, in a scenario of a fossilized leadership unable to meet the challenges of domestic problems, conflict with China, and the eruption of nationalist feelings in the borderlands...
...Another provision would require those living near a potential target—neighbors, landlords, custodians, and "other specified persons"—to cooperate with Government agents in installing microphones and bugs...
...Total resistance to any form of conscription is now growing among conscientious objectors, and in Sweden, where COs must do alternate service under the military, seventy refused to do so earlier this year and were imprisoned...
...You drive or you fly, but remote places like Weiser—and how many of them are there across the country that were on the main line?—are not easy to get to at all now that the passenger trains don't run...
...Under S.3197, judges would have access to only half of the information they now receive in ruling on tap requests...
...Their sweetening consists of selling reprocessing plants and, here and there, enrichment plants...
...Would a confrontation between, say, South Korea and North Korea, or between Syria and Lebanon, constitute the kind of threat to "our own national security" that would justify the dispatch of American troops...
...Deprived of defense counsel at this secret trial, he was sent on another round of exile...
...COMMENT Carter and the Arms Race Every candidate who has successfully sought the Presidency of the United States in the last three decades has promised the American people that he would devote his tireless energy to the ultimate goal of curbing the mad momentum of the international arms race...
...advisers" in Iran would increase further...
...Spanish embassies and consulates in other countries have been picketed by groups focusing specifically on the imprisoned COs, and church officials have made appeals in their behalf, as have international groups such as Amnesty International...
...Or so recent incidents involving Kroger Foods and a Michigan collective indicate...
...If the President decides that any incident is of an urgent nature, he may claim a power to disregard even the bill's minimal restraints...
...Paul T. Lanyhow has notified the Federal Election Commission that he is running for President under an assumed name because he does not believe personalities should divert attention from the issues...
...In 362 Southern localities with a majority black population, not a single black official holds office...
...Our country is the largest exporter of military equipment in the West, and sells more weapons to the Third World than all other nations combined...
...Such comfortable contemplation of the possibility of a ' 'first strike'' isfrightening—and doubly so when we take into account Carter's assertion that he regards "our commitments to the security of Western Europe and of Japan" as "inseparable from our own security...
...When his sentence was up in 1973, Amalrik was not released but charged anew with "anti-Soviet agitation" on testimony of his prison guards and specially primed fellow inmates...
...The warrants could also be used in unprecedented ways...
...Stevens Co., which operates eighty-five textile factories, runs up $1 billion a year in sales, and has been judged guilty of violating workers' rights under the National Labor Relations Act fifteen times since 1963, tapping union telephones (for which it settled with the union for $50,000 in damages), fixing prices and rigging bids on government contracts, and cheating local governments of taxes...
...His candidate's (Ph.D...
...Some of the food was used by the co-op...
...Well, the Metroliner trip to Philadelphia was not a daring adventure, nor was it a thrill...
...hegemony in Latin America, the "Alliance for Progress," has been dusted off by Carter and revived as a worldwide "Alliance for Survival" along the same lines, and with the same vague pledge to help developing nations help themselves...
...He would cut back America's 2,000 overseas bases and remove the 42,000 U.S...
...This was, of course, precisely the rationale that was employed to commit more than half a million American soldiers to the quagmire of Vietnam...
...Normally, the sale of the A-7—a sophisticated attack aircraft—would be discouraged...
...For one thing, the weapons being sold to Iran, such as the four Spruance-class destroyers and the eighty F-14 fighters, are ultra-sophisticated, and their operation and maintenance will require the presence of American "advisers...
...A paragraph in the timetable fascinated me: "Notice —The National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AM-TRAK) cannot assume responsibility for inconvenience, expense, or damage resulting from errors in timetables, delayed trains, failure to make connections, or for changes in or shortage of equipment...
...My kingdom for a horse...
...It would impose no constraints on the National Security Agency's monitoring of overseas telephone calls and telegrams...
...Japan's, of course, are noted for high speed, and balance in the aisle is something of a problem, but the trains are impressive...
...in education by the University of Massachusetts...
...The American people were told it would mean a 'generation of peace' . . . and yet, in places like Syria or Angola, in activities like offensive missile development, the Soviets seem to be taking advantage of the new relationship to expand their power and influence and increase the risk of conflict...
...The measure, moreover, would permit such evidence to be used against a defendant in a criminal trial...
...other Federal judges would be denied jurisdiction...
...But the pleasant panaceas being served up by the Democratic candidate reveal themselves, on close examination, as the dangerous doctrines that have guided U.S...
...And I sometimes did...
...Other young Spaniards (including women) enthusiastically volunteered, and 1,250 signed a declaration that they would undertake such voluntary service for at least one year if the government gave approval, with minimal financing to come from public or private organizations...
...He denounces Kissinger for "giving up too much and asking too little...
...On December 8, one of the volunteers, Ovidio Bustillo, was placed under military arrest, and on December 20 it was announced that Vicente Amurgos Galan was also subject to arrest...
...An Irish firm is planning to produce biodegradable coffins...
...Once a nation possesses plutonium, there are virtually no obstacles to the construction of nuclear missiles...
...Some do run, of course...
...A CHOICE, NOT AN ECHO...
...This determination would be made by the Attorney General, the director of the FBI, or another authorized Government official...
...In our society, where food is just another product (see Alice Shabecoff's "Middlemen on Top," July issue), it is more profitable for retailers to discard old bread and damaged produce than to repackage or mark them down...
...He has backed away from his proposal for "immediate" withdrawal of the 1,000 nuclear weapons in South Korea...
...The House Government Operations Committee reports that the current cost of the project, after seven upward revisions, is $1.9 million...
...The major issue that took Kissinger to Pakistan immediately after his visit to Iran was the intention of Pakistani Prime Minister AH Bhutto to build a nuclear reprocessing plant...
...To obtain a warrant to wiretap a conversation, the Government would merely have to demonstrate that the subject might be engaged in illegal "clandestine intelligence activity"—a fuzzy phrase which is not defined by the bill and which Justice Department spokesmen have acknowledged might encompass lawful political activity...
...however, the charges against one co-op member still stand...
...Members of Jimmy Carter's campaign staff have been warned to go to bed with no one to whom they are not married...
...Such "half a loaf" reasoning is familiar, of course...
...policy for a generation, wrapped in a pretty new package...
...The step from American-built nuclear reactors to Iranian-built nuclear warheads is a small one...
...The techniques employed to bar them from registering are varied and ingenious: In Holly Springs, Mississippi, 300 blacks found that the election roster listed them as dead...
...Against this background, it is hardly surprising that Secretary Kissinger has declared he can "live with" Carter's policies, or that James Reston has observed that the "important thing" is "not that he [Carter] differed with so many of Kissinger's policies, but agreed with so many of them...
...All were transferred to Figueras, where they are still imprisoned...
...John Kennedy's plan to preserve U.S...
...Amalrik was proselytized by the KGB to be one of its agents in 1965—probably because of his foreign contacts...
...Although the Spanish monarch, Juan Carlos, has decreed an amnesty for political prisoners, which may result in the release of the COs, the Spanish government still denies the right of conscientious objection in Spain, and COs may be subject to rearrest if they continue resistance...
...Pakistan now has one small nuclear reactor, which was built with Canadian assistance...
...Pakistan's eagerness to develop nuclear armaments can be attributed, at least in part, to the fact that India has exploded its own nuclear device...
...From his days as a graduate student of history at Moscow State University, Amalrik was impelled into a career as a dissenter incidental to his pursuit of artistic and historical truth...
...But NPT is a dead letter, largely because the two superpowers have failed completely to live up to their side of the bargain...
...In contrast to arms-sales diplomacy and the Kissinger version of detente, there is a resolution now pending before Congress that could significantly redirect America's foreign policy...
...Thus, when France and Germany entered the competition several years ago, they found that they had to sweeten the pot to lure customers away from the United States...
...President William LaMothe of the Kellogg Co...
...An Austrian firm is planning to produce biodegradable shrouds...
...But he would not be permitted to evaluate a critical factor: the wiretap's potential for picking up "foreign intelligence information...
...Kennedy, too, promised a test ban—a permanent one—in his 1960 campaign, but ultimately settled for a treaty that was, and is, almost meaningless...
...Of approximately 80,000 elected officials in the Southern states, 1,944 are black—a mere 2.5 per cent...
...The seventh, not there at the time, presented himself at the Barcelona prison where the others were held...
...And so it goes...
...Among them are such outstanding figures as the writers Vladimir Bukovsky and Anatoly Marchenko, the biologist Sergei Kovalev, the historian Valentyn Moroz, the psychiatrist Semyon Gluzman, and the endocrinologist Mikhail Shtern...
...says the Federal Trade Commission's antitrust action against cereal manufacturers is "un-American" and reflects "a mistrust of America's corporate talent and ingenuity that has provided you and me with the best products in the world...
...policymakers in recent years, has tragic implications...
...Thus, while the United States and Great Britain deal with the problems of a volunteer army, and resistance to any form of conscription grows in countries which recognize conscientious objection, the budding movement in Spain is only beginning to convey to the Spanish government that "conscientious objection is a right," as Jesus Vinas Cirera stated at his sentencing in July, "not a crime...
...According to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, judges turned down only thirteen of 4,863 taps requested in the last six years for criminal investigations under the Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1968...
...The work—including literacy courses, child care, and programs for the elderly—was begun in August 1975 by five of the conscientious objectors...
...Neither faction, says Wu, has yet been able to achieve a definitive victory, though the Maoists seem to have scored a temporary success with the ouster of Teng Hsiao-ping and the repression of his followers after the unusual disorders in Peking's Tien An Men Square last April...
...Under S.3197, seven judges would be selected by the Chief Justice of the United States to hear warrant applications...
...During the 1960 Presidential campaign, John F. Kennedy pledged his support for the Charles River Doctrine elaborated by Jerome Wiesner, Thomas Schell-ing, and Henry Kissinger (yes, Henry Kissinger) under which the United States would strive for "stable nuclear deterrence"—just enough weaponry to permit effective retaliation in the event of a surprise enemy attack...
...a paltry .24 per cent of GNP is currently designated for assistance programs...
...But a dozen years after enactment of the Federal Voting Rights Act, according to the Voter Education Project, based in Atlanta, some three million blacks in the South—almost half the number eligible—are still denied access to the ballot...
...No passenger service at all, according to Amtrak's map, over what was the Union Pacific's main line along the Snake River in Idaho...
...Although critics decry this figure as too costly, such a commitment to feeding the hungry would represent only one-third the proportion of aid given to Europe in the years after World War II, when nearly 3 per cent of GNP was provided for the Marshall Plan...
...Thus, the key decision on the need for such monitoring would be made by the Executive branch, not the judiciary...
Vol. 40 • October 1976 • No. 10
