'Nobody's Boy in Pittsburgh
Janson, Donald
Mayor Peter F. Flaherty, Jr. 'Nobody's Boy in Pittsburgh by DONALD JANSON Pittsburgh Fdr head-on confrontation, no reformer on the land has bowled over an entrenched political hierarchy with...
...He said he would be "nobody's boy" in Pittsburgh's top office, and he has brought a new day to City Hall...
...The size of his triumphs over an "unbeatable" Democratic machine in the primary and the Republican "moneyed machine" that outspent him five to one in the general election staggered the Establishment...
...The machine has not been able to make a deal...
...He said he would be 'nobody's boy' in Pittsburgh's top office . . ." After the devastation in the primary election, the Democratic organization sought to recover by offering Flaherty a hand, and welcome home, so he could win the general election and hold City Hall for the Party...
...He dismissed all magistrates who lacked law degrees...
...Flaherty says he still likes the former Vice President personally but sees him as symbolic of the "old politics" he believes is passing...
...He is in office for four years...
...Barr told him, "I can't promise you anything in the future...
...He announced his candidacy two months later...
...The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, in endorsing Republican Tabor for mayor, called Flaherty a "political dreamer" who might be more idealistic than pragmatic about how things work...
...Tabor brought in the most popular Pennsylvania governor of recent times, William W. Scranton, to appear for him...
...Flaherty says "the poor and especially the black feel law and order are applied particularly against them, and weakly against industry and the rich and the white...
...Steel headquarters, tallest office building between New York and Chicago...
...Close association with any group could cause problems...
...Flaherty preferred a minimum campaign budget for the contrast it afforded...
...They are flabbergasted...
...Patronage jobholders he fired to un-pad the city payroll and balance the budget responded with a sit-in...
...A year ago, while Flaherty outlined his differences with the Democratic Party, Barbour took notes: "This is what democracy is all about—to involve more and more people till they feel part of it...
...They think it is a closed shop...
...At Flaherty's insistence, that has changed...
...When Gallagher asked him to open the faucet near the end, Flaherty told him to save the money, that he had been to the neighborhoods and the mill gates and knew what the people were going to do...
...I was laughed at by all my friends...
...But as long as parties cling to endorsements to eliminate competition and maintain control, he favors taking to the voters independent campaigns such as his...
...He went to a ward meeting on Troy Hill to speak in his own behalf, as Democratic candidates slated by the organization were doing...
...What puzzles both Party and business circles about Flaherty is how a mayor can function without seeking their advice on changes, programs, and appointments...
...The fear and rage that grip this city threaten to bring Pittsburgh to a standstill," was one of Tabor's campaign themes...
...He was graduated cum laude...
...Besides replacing Slusser and magistrates unlearned in the law, Flaherty pleased blacks by naming Charles H. Cooper, first Negro star of the National Basketball Association, to head the city's department of parks and recreation...
...He could have gone along with the machine...
...How are we going to get our young people involved in the political system if we operate behind closed doors...
...Despite its loss to Flaherty, the Democratic Party machine retains considerable strength...
...As mayor he went on the state Party's committee to recommend candidates for endorsement for state offices...
...Tabor called it a "broad-based victory from the people...
...He could have played it safe with the bigots...
...For thirty-four years no councilman had argued with the mayor in public...
...He accepted no financial support if he could detect a possibility of strings...
...He said he was nobody's boy and everybody said, 'Wonderful, Pete, you're like a fresh breeze in Pittsburgh politics.' But he meant it...
...How are we going to get the blacks to agree with us in this kind of restrictive atmosphere...
...Incredible...
...It just lost all its appeal to me...
...They knew nobody could beat the machine...
...I've been a part of this closed group...
...Flaherty brought in nobody...
...I would not want to be just another political boss...
...A vote of confidence right now would support him overwhelmingly...
...I think big business can be pretty healthy and the city can be falling apart down here...
...Kramer called this assemblage "a cunning element of left-wing radicals" attempting to establish a power base in Pittsburgh...
...You can't be half way on this independence thing," Flaherty told me, his long legs up on his office desk, the enthusiasm still in his face after a fourteen-hour day on the job...
...Flaherty was ostracized by the Party...
...They outspent Flaherty $400,000 to $80,000 in a slick promotional campaign...
...The tall, dark, forty-four-year-old lawyer with the engaging smile and expressive face is an idealist who was elected with the endorsement of no political party or faction...
...I've been a part of the fifth floor syndrome at City Hall...
...He dumped them into the wastebasket...
...The coalition between the old Democratic bosses and the big business leaders produced planning that tended to overlook neighborhoods," Flaherty says...
...To avoid obligations, he forbade campaign workers to accept contributions of more than $100...
...He says he will continue to take his young sons to football and baseball games as unobtrusively as possible...
...I'm convinced Flaherty can maintain his independence," says editor Morris...
...He often drives it himself...
...The mayor's populist orientation comes through in many ways...
...For the first time, the city began advertising in the Courier for black cops...
...He pledged to represent the interests of the people and rallied the young and the poor and the black and the working man against a political system he felt had become a closed club for the benefit of politicians and moneyed interests...
...Both major political party organizations, the Democrats and the Republicans, claimed to see his populism as a pose by which to get elected...
...The insurgent Democrat has been mayor of Pittsburgh only since January, a period of grace for a new officeholder in most places, but a period of cannonading in Pittsburgh by alarmed advocates of the status quo...
...I admire his independent outlook on things...
...Flaherty's election was the best thing that ever happened to Pittsburgh...
...After high school he served in World War II as a navigator on B-29's in the Pacific, becoming a captain...
...He explained: "I want to restore the trust of people in their government...
...He pared scores of unneeded patronage employes from other departments of the city payroll to balance the inflated budget he inherited...
...He made the sweeping reforms he promised, and he has plans for more...
...He and his brother and five sisters grew up there...
...White construction workers have counter-demonstrated...
...The city council obstructed and delayed his cabinet appointments...
...After practicing law, he became an assistant district attorney, then city councilman...
...He is not...
...They had five Democratic councilmen and others to elect...
...What kind of a county leader are you going to be if you are not even involved in a discussion of the issues and programs needed, if you are just picked by a small control group that says 'Here, you're our candidate...
...Kramer sought to link Flaherty with "evil forces," "kooks," "the New Left and Students for a Democratic Society...
...Tabor won only in Republican Sha-dyside and the adjacent, well-heeled section of Squirrel Hill north of Forbes Avenue...
...They just pick...
...David Barbour, vice president of another advertising agency, designed Flaherty's billboard advertising and campaign buttons after reading about the commotion the first-term councilman was creating in city council meetings...
...He moved campaign debates from sterile television studios to the neighborhoods so people could participate...
...But Flaherty pledged to change the emphasis in renewal from impressive office structures and luxury apartments in the business section to housing and other needs in the long-neglected neighborhoods where most people live...
...But in Pittsburgh's strong mayor form of government, Flaherty intends to wield all the power his office musters...
...Flaherty carried out his pledge, to the chagrin not only of the Party but the Fraternal Order of Police...
...Flaherty is proud of the city's wealth of downtown skyscrapers, topped by the sixty-four-story U.S...
...He said he detested the patronage system because it was inefficient government by political crony...
...They have four sons and a daughter, one to ten years old...
...He turned the offer down...
...I said, 'Thanks, but I'm not running,' " Flaherty recalls...
...I turned it down...
...When he has had time to immerse himself in Pittsburgh's problems as mayor, Flaherty hopes to make more vigorous efforts to reform and open to a wider public the Democratic Party processes...
...His candidacy followed...
...Democratic machine workers got out much of the vote, as usual...
...Republicans have not been elected to city offices since David Lawrence solidified machine control here a quarter of a century ago...
...Pete wanted the job only if he could have it unencumbered...
...Pete Flaherty was born in the family's north side row house on Alpine street in 1925, a house now occupied by blacks...
...It permits the flexibility to do what needs to be done...
...Far more people come into contact with police courts than any higher branch of the judiciary...
...He installed a new team of bright young department heads and shifted hiring for city jobs to them...
...Sixteen unions threatened reprisals...
...fou can't be half way on this independence thing.'" Flaherty called all this alarmist and rejected a hard line...
...Now we must open the door...
...Flaherty has not...
...If it's a closed thing, too many people feel left out...
...Flaherty went to the neighborhoods and told people the old political system wasn't representing them...
...He has exciting potential because of his grasp of urban problems," Flaherty says...
...Nobody likes a housecleaning where their friends are affected...
...The beginning has taught the young lawyer, born of immigrant parents in a red-brick row house in the shabby, racially mixed north side of town, that the lot of a populist taking over Establishment turf is not an easy one...
...A debater in college, he became a speaker for Kennedy...
...The departure of Mauro, a former Chamber of Commerce spokesman, won the praise of no one in the Mellon Patch but it was lauded by poor people, black and white, who feared they were vulnerable to removal for projects born of what Mauro calls his "fanatical dedication to tearing down the city and building it up again...
...He was arguing with the mayor," Barbour recalls...
...His course has demonstrated that a fat bankroll is no substitute for taking to the voters the banner and the issues of a new politics...
...But the voters indicated unequivocally that they did not mind some idealism...
...Barr put up Judge Kramer, who left a lifetime bench appointment for a sure thing...
...Cooper "is the first black city department head in more than 200 years of Pittsburgh history," editor Morris pointed out...
...As mayor, Flaherty was asked to be a member and director of the exclusive Allegheny Club being built into the new Three Rivers Stadium at the confluence of the Ohio, Allegheny, and Monongahela rivers...
...It slated for office all members of the present city council, which must act on the new mayor's programs and pass on his top appointments...
...Other professionals, both friends and strangers, along with a host of youths, also volunteered their services free when Flaherty broke with the Democratic machine...
...I grew up in his neighborhood...
...When this view was put to the test, he stood on principle...
...People recognize you have a tough job, that you're going to do the best you can with the good of the entire community in mind...
...If you get after all of them equally, you are talking about law and order in the right sense...
...This was no token appointment...
...Flaherty said in the campaign he would reform the police magistrate system by appointing as judges only men "learned in the law," a novel notion for Pittsburgh, where ward chairmen who have never seen a law school have been given judgeships as plums for delivering the vote...
...He remains at arm's length...
...He hasn't done it...
...I was pretty upset when he put Ernie Jones, the chief magistrate, out with the rest of them...
...He told gatherings in social halls, schools, churches and bars that "Tabor's campaign is supported by a small handful of big money men, and if you want to know where they are, look up at the tops of the skyscrapers of this city, at the penthouses where they exist...
...This establishes more credibility than telling blacks you are going to do something for them and the unions you will do something they want, and so forth...
...A parting veto threat by the outgoing mayor left him with a budget badly out of kilter...
...If anyone ever had reason to buckle, he had...
...Open sessions were for unanimous votes...
...Under Flaherty they are hearing magistrates insist on constitutional procedures rather than serve as mere agents of the police...
...Flaherty was by then known to be dedicated to making the democratic system more democratic...
...His campaign theme was a cry for a truer democracy...
...I offered to help...
...one night in 1967 and said the party leaders had picked him to run for county commissioner...
...Out went almost all the department heads and other aides of his predecessor, Mayor Joseph M. Barr, Pennsylvania's Democratic national committeeman...
...He had worked his way up from a neighborhood as poor as any he visited and found a ready response to his "man against the machine" theme...
...Flaherty's break with Barr, protege of Lawrence, 'had its origin in 1967, after Barr had plucked him from the district attorney's office two years earlier and slated him for certain election to the city council...
...He used the well-publicized picture of Black Panthers at Cornell University, armed with rifles and ammunition belts...
...The organization blotted out Kramer's name on thousands of buttons, pasted "Pete" on them and sent them over to his bustling headquarters in the William Penn Hotel...
...It is a big benefit in the long run to get elected the way he did...
...But Flaherty went to the neighborhoods...
...This has prompted predictions from some of the unconsulted and the ousted that Flaherty is too much of a "loner" and too inexperienced to govern effectively and soon will find himself isolated and mired in such chaos he will have to resign —an exaggeration as great as the campaign charge that he was a revolutionary...
...The American Civil Liberties Union commended the mayor for working a "profound change" vital to the protection of fundamental liberties...
...Racial strife has boiled to the surface frequently in Pittsburgh schools...
...His campaign theme was power to the people...
...Police hostility hampered his upgrading of justice in the city's magistrate courts...
...It is not in his nature to flinch at criticism, particularly with an overwhelming public mandate behind him and a four-year term in front of him...
...Judge Kramer addressed the usual round of ward meetings, the old campaigning sufficient in the past because that was where the Democratic Party workers were who would get out the vote...
...He had been instrumental in guiding a glittering physical renaissance of Pittsburgh's downtown section near the historic point of land where the Ohio begins and Fort Pitt stood in frontier days...
...Out with most of the rest of the old regime went John T. Mauro, longtime city planning director and Barr's liaison man with the Mellon Patch...
...A trial lawyer, he was accustomed to heated exchange...
...No longer may Democratic ward heelers place friends or relatives in jobs as political pay-offs...
...The Party could not believe it...
...With this rebellion in the Democratic ranks, the business community saw the possibility of electing a Republican for the first time in decades and lavished hundreds of thousands of dollars on Tabor, an attractive young lawyer who held a high state appointive office...
...He was poor like us...
...Black workers have demonstrated for construction jobs...
...What you need, basically, is the support of the electorate...
...He's still nobody's boy, including labor's, and some are offended...
...The Democratic machine also holds sway over the Allegheny County government...
...But he's doing exactly what he said he would...
...He said he was fighting the "moneyed machine" in this campaign as he had the Democratic machine in the primary, and people put dollar bills in the hat to help...
...On the day of his nomination he declared: "My severance with the Democratic machine in Pittsburgh is not a separation, it is a divorce...
...He said their ward chairmen and the party underlings who dealt in favors had become ineffective and outmoded as public servants...
...It is a divisive campaign tactic in a city that is already too divided," he said, "and I will not be a law and order candidate...
...Now it is called the Golden Triangle...
...He won the primary resoundingly...
...I'm still all for him, and seventy per cent of the laboring people are too," says Gilbert Tietel, president of the Allegheny County Labor Council...
...A middle-class migration to the suburbs has left primarily the retired and the laborers in Pittsburgh—blacks in enclaves shoulder to shoulder with neighborhoods of European ethnic groups...
...It had been for decades, until city councilman Flaherty clashed with Mayor Barr over crash budgeting at the end of 1968...
...The department has a large summer payroll and its activities are one key to racial peace...
...The black newspaper was not interested in taking such advertising before Flaherty...
...Because their Republican Party has long been weak in this laboring man's town, business interests developed a smooth-working relationship with the Democratic machine that ruled City Hall...
...Joyce brought to his post a brilliant record as an effective and incorruptible policeman, but he does not have, as did Slusser, a reputation among blacks as a racist...
...He insists on piling his six-foot, two-inch, 200-pound frame into a small blue Ford to get around town...
...About the time John F. .Kennedy was running for President, Flaherty's interest in the national political scene blossomed...
...I do not want the council to be a rubber stamp for the mayor," he said...
...The exaggerations backfired...
...He did not quarrel with the city council's close questioning, unusual delays, and investigations before confirming his own appointments...
...It reminded blacks, for example," brother Jim Flaherty says, "of their own plight: locked out of nearly everything...
...Flaherty attributes the low estate of many big city political organizations today to "such concern over perpetuating themselves through patronage that performance has declined and credibility with the people has been lost...
...Flaherty put the mayor's black Cadillac limousine in the city garage and assigned the chauffeur to the public works department...
...They're cynical, and rightly...
...my faith rests in the old politics...
...Nobody's Boy in Pittsburgh by DONALD JANSON Pittsburgh Fdr head-on confrontation, no reformer on the land has bowled over an entrenched political hierarchy with such effectiveness as the new mayor of Pittsburgh...
...He and his brother were altar boys at their Catholic church...
...This is justified only if you believe the old trickle down theory that if big business is healthy the rest of us down here will get some benefits too...
...From then on they were disenchanted with me and I was disenchanted with them...
...On a vacation in Florida twelve years ago he met Nancy Houlihan, a tall, attractive blonde from Pittsburgh...
...I don't think they will ever understand anything but the old system," he says...
...Flaherty proved that the voter has no immutable preference for machine selections, perhaps for any office, if a strong independent is on the hustings with an alternative...
...The office of the mayor cannot be used in the promotion of a private club," he told the directors...
...By contrast, Flaherty is impressed by the independent bent of Mayor John V. Lindsay and would like to see him make a bid for President next time "if he becomes a Democrat soon enough" or can manage it as an independent...
...He didn't have to appoint blacks...
...He said no...
...He did not seek the endorsement of either party, of business, the blacks, labor, any group...
...Hubert Humphrey offered help, but Flaherty wanted none of it...
...He said he would clean house at City Hall, and to the astonishment of the party organization, he did...
...Flaherty sees racial peace as essential to the salvation of his city...
...That was most of them...
...As television cameras whirred, the ward chairmen's henchmen there barred him at the door...
...The GI Bill, plus an assortment of summer and side jobs, put him through college and Notre Dame Law School...
...Flaherty's final break with Barr came in December, 1968, with his one-man attack on the Barr budget after the Democratic convention and the Humphrey defeat in November...
...He has been such a purist about independence he has refused to form an organization of his own...
...They opened a small grocery on Carrington street, a short block up a steep alley from the Alpine house, where Pete began working before he was a teenager...
...Blacks would go along if law and order applied to everyone...
...He sees the mayor of Pittsburgh as the head of a $100 million corporation to be operated in the best interests of the owners, the people, not for powerful interests in the Democratic Party nor for powerful business interests...
...I said, 'You mean you picked me for the highest office without even talking to me about it?' They don't even invite you into the meeting...
...I would rather see open primaries come out of this, where anyone with ideas to offer could run for office...
...It refused to abet recruitment with Slusser in office...
...It was a cry for a truer democracy rather than for revolution...
...Barr said of Flaherty in his valedictory after a decade in office that "if that's the new politics, you can have it...
...Judge Harry A. Kramer, the Democratic Party's choice to succeed Mayor Barr, who was retiring, pounced on the racial situation with "law and order" appeals to such neighborhoods as Polish Hill, where Polish still is spoken at home and taught in the schools...
...Pittsburgh will have at least four years for a comparison...
...Flaherty's margin over Tabor was nearly two to one...
...Flaherty was working as a trolley conductor and she as a household maid...
...In office, most quickly adapt to the practical politics of influence and patronage...
...They made no effort to get split-ticket voting to cut Flaherty despite Flaherty's aloof stance...
...The Party made other mistakes...
...When he asked if all Democrats were allowed to go to Democratic ward rallies, they told him "no...
...The bearded black editor's reaction was also that of many of the Poles, Slovaks, Czechs, Italians, Germans, and Irish of Pittsburgh's largely working class, largely ethnic population, all of whom applauded at the polls Flaherty's campaign pledge that he could not be bought...
...Barr reminded me this was the highest office in the county...
...Peter Francis Flaherty Jr., a good-looking Irishman with a personal magnetism akin to that of the Kennedys, rebelled last year against a Democratic organization that had governed this steel-making city for thirty-five years...
...Labor unions were astounded when he asked them only to back an open primary...
...He favors an all-elected school board, rather than one appointed by judges, to make it responsive to the community...
...He has forged an image of scrupulous honesty and fierce independence...
...Barr called Flaherty at eleven p.m...
...This is why we have less than forty per cent of the registered voters voting in the primaries...
...He urged that no endorsements be made, that the Party instead support an open primary...
...I have complete confidence in him...
...And I won't go backwards into it again...
...But the people heard his message...
...Their parents had an abiding religious faith that they brought with them, separately, from Ireland's Galway county...
...It was not used...
...The strength of his mandate may force reluctant councilmen to act on his proposals with an eye to the electorate since councilmen too must seek re-election...
...If I owed financial support to a political party or to big business or any other group, I could not be free to do the things that need to be done...
...I'm more comfortable in the Ford," he says...
...He feels "you would have to be careful not to build the same thing you just fought your way out of...
...She left Pitt, where she had been homecoming queen, to marry him...
...Out, along with Mauro, went James W. Slusser, superintendent of police since 1952...
...Yet he expected an abrasive start when he challenged the system...
...Beautiful," said Carl E. Morris, editor of the Pittsburgh Courier, which circulates throughout the black neighborhoods, where twenty-three per cent of Pittsburgh's 550,000 residents live...
...He could not have written a better script...
...Anyone who isn't part of the organization is a radical to the machine," Flaherty says...
...In other words, Barr was warning him his political career was drawing to a close...
...Among corporations headquartered in Pittsburgh and associated with the Mellons in common community interests are U.S...
...Humphrey sent a laudatory tape to promote Flaherty's candidacy in the general election...
...When they met for the first time in Pittsburgh, Mr...
...What stunned it even more was his follow-through...
...Flaherty crushed him everywhere else, carrying thirty of the thirty-two wards, many by massive margins...
...While he was chief of the Times' Chicago bureau, Mr...
...Flaherty dismissed half the bureau of building inspection from sinecures, including three ward chairmen...
...Pete has a way with the people of Pittsburgh," said the Pittsburgh Press in endorsing him...
...The populist relied largely on Barbour's simple "Re-Pete" billboards and buttons—and on his own charisma and gregarious spreading of the word...
...Under Barr and David L. Lawrence, whom Barr succeeded when Lawrence became governor, any debate on the city budget was held in closed session...
...Replacing them with qualified lawyers set a new tone for the administration of justice in the city...
...He covered the Pittsburgh mayoralty campaign and its aftermath...
...The Republicans wanted him as a fusion candidate...
...Later, in the general election campaign, Republican John K. Tabor said the mood on Polish Hill was "for sticks and clubs and driving the blacks back up over Big-elow Boulevard...
...Poor people, black and white, have confidence in him...
...Steel, ALCOA, Gulf Oil, PPG Industries, and H. J. Heinz...
...Flaherty's advisers are his new cabinet members, but he makes his own decisions, as he did in the campaign...
...For the first time in years, Pittsburgh had a council vote of eight to one instead of nine to none...
...Allied with them was the group many call the "Mellon Patch," the business community power structure headed by General Richard King Mellon of the banking and investment house of T. Mellon and Sons...
...His loyalty remains to the electorate alone...
...Beautiful," said Morris, whose readers do not have $39,000...
...It satisfied business goals instead...
...He feels that the old politics of the bosses has "lost touch with the people" and will not survive with an increasingly sophisticated electorate...
...He called for a clean sweep and everybody said, 'Wonderful, Pete, we're for you.' But now he's doing it...
...Flaherty became the first Pittsburgh candidate in memory to seek office without the blessing of his Party's ward chairmen...
...Since his election he has not wavered an inch on his independent stance...
...Flaherty also took time to demonstrate how open the "old politics" Party was likely to be to any but insiders...
...They don't understand that you can be an independent in politics and not be some kind of left winger...
...One of his first acts as mayor was to fire the police superintendent who had a racist reputation among many blacks...
...Membership included free use of a box that leases for $39,000 for five years...
...Two-thirds of the city's housing is at least fifty years old, and much of it is dilapidated...
...Janson wrote a profile of Mayor Richard Hatcher of Gary for the April, 1968, issue of The Progressive...
...Most candidates for office demand government of, by, and for the people in the blue fervor of campaign rhetoric...
...A Flaherty loss would have meant a Republican takeover in City Hall, and the Democratic organization felt that Flaherty as mayor would be back in the Party's corner...
...He knows the people put him in and will stand by him...
...When the televised report of the action at the ward hall reached Pittsburgh living rooms, with the arms of the Party hacks barring the door to the candidate, people who favored even a modicum of democracy were offended...
...I say you can't let the Establishment dominate the city...
...It may be unique in the nation to have a mayor with no ties except to the people," says Lester Gallagher, vice president of the biggest advertising agency in Pittsburgh...
...Barr left Flaherty off Pittsburgh's delegation to the Democratic National Convention in Chicago in 1968, but he went on his own as a worker for Hubert Humphrey...
...Flaherty replaced this tough cop with Assistant Superintendent Stephen A. Joyce, like Flaherty the son of Irish immigrants...
...DONALD JANSON is a national correspondent for The New York Times and chief of its Philadelphia bureau...
...Voters on both sides of issues got the impression that in a Flaherty mayoralty there would be an opportunity for a fair hearing before a decision was made, and that decisions would not be dictated from elsewhere...
...The self-imposed restrictions placed long odds against him in the Democratic primary...
...Flaherty carried the Slovakian, Polish, and black wards of Pittsburgh by margins of three to one, four to one, and five to one...
...He went back to school nights for two and a half years while serving on the council and got a master's degree in public administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1967...
...Gallagher moonlighted as a writer for Flaherty without pay during the campaign...
...Later he was the only member of the 167-man committee to refuse to change that stand to make unanimous the majority's choice for governor...
...He rejected the offer, said he was comfortable in his separate headquarters, and throughout the campaign avoided being caught in the same room with Barr or other Party leaders...
...He was jumped right from the first day in office by the Establishment...
...It had only 160 on a 1,650-man force...
...In the past, Pittsburgh mayors have been tied to special interest groups...
Vol. 34 • June 1970 • No. 6
