The 'Bloody Impasse'
NOTES IN THE NEWS The 'Bloody Impasse1 When the Israelis crushed Nasser's military coalition in early June, there was considerable exultation in the U.S. mass media over the fact that the...
...11A house-to-house campaign for one million signatures on a petition calling for an end to the bombing and initiatives for a truce in Vietnam was launched by a citizens group called "Negotiations Now...
...The extermination camps of Auschwitz and Maidanek, both in Poland, and the Warsaw ghetto, are now national monuments, dedicated to the proposition that such madness will never be repeated...
...In a notable address to a gathering of "Negotiations Now" delegates from thirty states, he urged a halt to bombing, a defensive strategy in Vietnam limited to protecting populous areas we now hold, U.S...
...The counts generally purport to show about nine or ten enemy killed to each American killed...
...many of these citizens want a negotiated settlement now and some favor U.S...
...Alden pointed out that in the last three years only fourteen per cent of Harvard graduates have chosen business careers...
...Rouse lamely responded that AMA recognized Medicare "but does not support or endorse it...
...In recent years officers of the AAPS have included doctors who are leaders of the John Birch Society...
...The civil rights requirements of the program, he said, have opened previously segregated hospitals so that in many localities "minority group members now have access to high quality care for the first time...
...And well he might, for the AAPS, founded in 1943, has favored right-to-work laws and repeal of the income tax, and has opposed Federal aid to education, U.S...
...For a program whose scope and nature make complex administrative problems inevitable, Medicare's accomplishments by its birthday on July 1 were impressive indeed...
...A Chamber of Horrors The Southern Regional Conference, a sturdy group of Southerners who stubbornly press for equality for all Americans, recently published a survey by seven medical doctors of the health of Negro children in Mississippi...
...Mississippi Negroes, Dr...
...withdrawal from Vietnam...
...It is intolerable...
...The canvassers report that at least one-third of the families visited are "very unhappy" about the war...
...military measures victories not by ground gained or objectives achieved, but by body counts of Viet-cong and North Vietnamese troops killed...
...These steps, he asserted, would de-escalate the war and improve the chances of ending hostilities...
...But even this revised food stamp plan, which requires the poor to pay as little as fifty cents per family member per month for as much as $70 worth of designated foods per family, is beyond the pitifully meager income —if any—of tens of thousands of Southern—and especially Mississippi— Negroes...
...Another group, "Vietnam Summer," has organized 25,000 part-time workers, mostly college students, who are active in efforts to create community projects around the country dedicated to support of a negotiated peace...
...This foundation, set up by Texas oil multimillionaire Hunt, sponsors the Life Line radio programs which present an assortment of far right views...
...But now, as so many times in the past, still more men are demanded...
...casualties each month...
...At the Glassboro "summit," Premier Kosygin was said to have renewed his request of last February for a bombing halt as the necessary prelude to Vietnam negotiations...
...Dr...
...South Vietnam's monthly draft calls, he wrote, now are lower than the number of U.S...
...Vernon Roger Alden, president of Ohio University, commenting in an interview in This Week on the reluctance of today's graduates to go into business, said, "The intellectual young man of today is more concerned with service to mankind and the community than with profits...
...With present forces, it was argued, he could not mount attacks in some areas without a dangerous depletion of defensive forces in other areas...
...The Communists promised to expunge it...
...More Senators and Representatives have privately indicated they are moving from former "hawk" positions toward the middle of the road or even to the "dove" side...
...This frequently debated contention has now been challenged most authoritatively by Roger Hilsman in his new book, To Move A Nation, just published by Doubleday...
...Louis mathematics major commented, "is a gold-plated ulcer...
...The recital of specific consequences of what the physicians termed "literal starvation" is horrifying—severe anemia and kidney ailments, parasitic diseases, ulcerations, abcesses, bleeding of the mouth, and the like...
...Rouse began his one-year term with an inaugural address in which he declared that the AMA's philosophy is "faith in private enterprise and individual initiative" and its duty is to protect capitalism...
...it has been estimated by Federal officials that doctors received $105 million more from this phase of the program than they would have been paid if there had been no Medicare program...
...When the Johnson Administration began the systematic bombing of North Vietnam more than two years ago, escalation of the war began in earnest...
...Rouse has also been a director of H. L. Hunt's Life Line Foundation...
...the boys and girls we saw were hungry—weak, in pain, sick...
...Not only are these children receiving no food from the Government," the doctors continued, "they are getting no medical attention whatsoever...
...As Hilsman sees it, the bombing broke a tacit understanding between Washington and Hanoi that the United States would not attack the North while infiltration would be confined to Southerners who had originally gone north after the 1954 Geneva settlement...
...A certain amount of anti-Semitism was bound to slop over into the United Nations, where the Arabs carried their hostility and bitterness into the debate...
...After the bombing, he says, Hanoi began sending divisions of regulars into South Vietnam...
...At the start of 1965, when we had 23,000 troops in South Vietnam, official statistics claimed enemy forces numbered 113,000...
...He was skeptical of a policy of escalation and of the effectiveness of an air attack on North Vietnam...
...It recalls the Stalin days, when Jews were branded as "homeless cosmopolites," their theaters, schools, and newspapers closed down, their poets murdered...
...Anti-Semitism is inevitable, probably, in the Middle East itself, in its present inflamed condition, though for centuries—before the Palestine partition—Jews and Arabs co-existed mat-ter-of-factly enough...
...but they have to win it____" After Kennedy's death, Hilsman notes, the military increased the pressure for bombing North Vietnam...
...Subsequently, sources close to U.N...
...But now the Soviet government, feverish with anti-Israel sickness, has taken reprisals against its own Jewish citizens, suspending the emigration of the elderly, even canceling visas already granted...
...draft boards seek 29,000 men this month...
...their lives are being shortened . . . they are suffering from hunger and disease . . . and dying from them—which is exactly what Starvation' means...
...If even a small fraction of this huge total of doves or potential doves were organized by this fall or winter to withhold support from President Johnson if he does not order a halt to the bombing of North Vietnam—or from any Republican Presidential aspirant who does not declare in favor of such a halt—the pressure for such a step could prove irresistible...
...Professor Richard Flacks of the University of Chicago sees "the dissatisfaction of socially-advantaged youth with conventional career opportunities" as "a significant trend...
...President Kennedy, said Hilsman in a St...
...Hanoi, it should be noted, still has 350,000 troops on tap who are not yet fighting in South Vietnam and beyond them is the vast reserve of Chinese manpower...
...Peace advocates took new heart from these developments: % A Gallup Poll disclosed that twenty-nine million American adults believe the Vietnam war is morally wrong...
...It is proving increasingly resistant to any military "solution" short of total war against North Vietnam, with its enormous risk of setting off World War III...
...Secretary-General U Thant revealed that he was convinced Hanoi would still come to the conference table some three or four weeks after the cessation of U.S...
...Wheeler observed, are in "a kind of prison . . . completely isolated from the outside world...
...Public Health Service Equal Health Opportunities Unit, put it: "There was no fooling around with gradualism or tokenism...
...For services other than those directly related to hospital care an additional $640 million in benefits was paid, mostly in doctors' bills...
...In addition, doctors have arranged for home health care for more than 200,000 persons, and another 200,000 Medicare patients have benefited from convalescent care in nursing homes...
...Some there, like the Saudi Arabian spokesman, might even be professionals, in the second oldest profession...
...The military situation appears to have deteriorated at an accelerating rate in recent months...
...Results of various research projects on a number of campuses are all in agreement that the activist students are more intelligent, less prejudiced, and psychologically more stable than non-activists...
...The highest starting salaries in history seem to have little effect on the trend...
...Some Hope for AMA Except for the fact that they are members of the same profession, Dr...
...we can give them equipment, we can send our men out there as advisers...
...eat fruit, green vegetables, or meat...
...President Kennedy, Hilsman writes, "made it abundantly clear to me on more than one occasion that what he most wanted to avoid was turning Vietnam into an American war...
...General Electric once recruited eighty-one per cent of its new management personnel from the top quarter of the graduating classes...
...The fallout is anti-Semitism, eddies of it, whirlpools of it, bubbling up in various places, and not as a phenomenon of Nature...
...While thousands of young Americans are fighting in South Vietnam," he said, "many of their Vietnamese peers are standing on the corner watching the war go by...
...The August draft call, reported Raymond R. Coffey, Saigon correspondent for the Chicago Daily News, "far exceeds the total number of South Vietnamese draftees (21,000) inducted over the last six months...
...An ever-growing proportion of holders of bachelor degrees are going on to graduate studies...
...Wilbur says something quite hopeful for the future of the AMA...
...That Dr...
...It is the in Arab world, of course, that Jewish communities are in the greatest danger, as a result of Israel's desert victory...
...Of the more than 2,100 hospitals in the South, fewer than 250 have refused to participate in Medicare...
...To feed that demand, U.S...
...The physicians' chronicle opens the doors to a chamber of horrors so incredible that the doctors themselves stated: "We found it hard to believe we were examining American children of the Twentieth Century...
...commander, General Westmoreland, was seeking a minimum of 70,000 additional American troops by mid-1968...
...If they do not lose their current idealism, the results could well be far-reaching and exciting changes in the direction and goals of American society...
...the University of Chicago named the celebrated historian John Hope Franklin as chairman of its history department, the first Negro to head any department at Chicago or any other major university...
...We saw homes without running water, without electricity, without screens, in which children drink contaminated water and live with germ-bearing mosquitoes and flies everywhere around...
...Louis Post-Dispatch interview earlier this year, always kept the war in Vietnam in perspective, in relation to the whole world political context —a view that Hilsman said is missing in the Johnson Administration now...
...membership in the United Nations, and "compulsory" taxes for Social Security...
...It was just a year ago that every high official in the Pentagon agreed that 470,000 Americans would be sufficient to handle the task...
...Some experts believe that one of the most important values of Medicare is that it will spotlight the increasing need for basic reform of the nation's medical and hospital establishment, including such advances as greater emphasis on group medical practice, an expansion and restructuring of medical and nursing training, and more efficient operation of hospitals...
...There are anti-Semitic traditions in both Russia and Poland, and for that matter in the other now Communist countries, which may check in next with their own little anathemas...
...still others are joining the Peace Corps (at eleven cents an hour), and other types of idealistic, community-service organizations...
...We saw homes with children who are lucky to eat one meal a day—and that one inadequate . . . children who don't get to drink milk...
...In the eyes of AAPS leaders, the AMA is probably considered a milquetoast organization lacking the virility to do more than oppose such obvious evils as Medicare...
...The Assistant Secretary feared that such military action would impede the movement toward a detente with the Soviet "that President Kennedy had set in motion with the nuclear test ban treaty" and "would put enormous obstacles in the way of working toward a more realistic open door policy toward Communist China, as we planned...
...Because of the standards established under Medicare, said Robert M. Ball, commissioner of the Social Security Administration, which directs the program, and who released the data on the first twelve months of operation, there has been a general upgrading of health care for patients of all ages and races...
...mass media over the fact that the Soviet's $2 billion stake in arms for the Arabs had been bet on the wrong horse...
...But now there have been anti-Jewish riots in Libya and in Tunisia—where there have been Jews since the days of Carthage— Jewish arrests in Egypt, and restrictions in other Arab countries...
...Malnutrition,' " the doctors said, "is not quite what we found...
...And most intolerable of all is the cruel indifference of the state officials and the members of Congress who are paid to represent their starving constituents...
...Rouse this is a considerable concession that goes against the grain of his beliefs and extremist associations...
...With their letter they sent the President a petition signed by 10,000 draft-age students—a total gathered from only nine campuses—asking that alternative service be provided for draftees opposed to the Administration's Vietnam policy...
...No longer unmoved by growing evidence of the scarcity of physicians, the board acknowledged what had long been known by almost everyone else—that the shortage of doctors is reaching "alarming proportions...
...They are the ones who have to win it or lose it...
...The U.S...
...Wilbur as president-elect, and its board of trustees altered a number of policies it had supported for many years...
...The respective figures as of July 1, 1967 were 466,000 Americans and 295,000 enemy troops...
...bombing of North Vietnam, but President Johnson paid no heed...
...The war in Vietnam confirms the melancholy conclusion that escalation begets escalation...
...The war which President Johnson, in a Memorial Day proclamation that called upon Hanoi to negotiate, described as a "bloody impasse," is becoming bloodier...
...They support his overall evaluation of Medicare: "The lives of some elderly people have been improved and in many cases prolonged because of this program...
...On top of that, the Polish Communist leader Gomulka has denounced Polish Jews who might have been made happy by what has taken place...
...Louis Post-Dispatch pointed out recently, that our Air Force "has delivered on a tiny underdeveloped land a tonnage of bombs comparable to that unleashed on all of Europe in four years of total war...
...At the time of President Kennedy's assassination Hilsman was Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs, after prior service as Director of the Department of State's Bureau of Intelligence and Research...
...Their story needs to be told not merely for their sakes—but for the sake of all America...
...If such urgently needed reforms do take place, then the social value of Medicare will prove even greater than was hoped for when the program was launched in July, 1966...
...For the premier of the Soviet Union to repeat the charges equating Israeli victory with Nazi aggression, was impolitic enough...
...Johnson was interested...
...He assailed the concept of health care as "a right rather than a privilege," and urged intensified AMA opposition to government planning in the field of medicine...
...Their property may be seized against the restitution claims made for the Arabs by the Russians at the United Nations...
...he has strongly endorsed this medical group in his John Birch Blue Book...
...No Time for Tokenism In a span of less than three weeks recently, President Johnson appointed the distinguished lawyer and jurist, Thurgood Marshall, to the U.S...
...They come from well educated, socially-advantaged families...
...Alexander Kendrick CBS News...
...f John Kenneth Galbraith, Harvard economist, ambassador to India in the Kennedy Administration, and national chairman of Americans for Democratic Action, emerged as a principal leader of the burgeoning peace sentiment...
...It is worth noting, as The St...
...Casualties among the 466,000 GIs in South Vietnam were rising again after a decline in early June...
...some estimates ranged to well over 100,000 men...
...Johnson is following today...
...That he is to be succeeded by Dr...
...For Dr...
...Fortunately, the AMA at this year's convention faced forward in some respects: Its House of Delegates chose Dr...
...NOTES IN THE NEWS The 'Bloody Impasse1 When the Israelis crushed Nasser's military coalition in early June, there was considerable exultation in the U.S...
...Washington correspondents report that some civilian leaders in the Administration have grown increasingly opposed to escalation, and that some military men doubt the effectiveness of the bombing...
...six years ago it was thirty-nine per cent...
...A larger proportion of activists go on to graduate school, and fewer of them drop out...
...Raymond Wheeler of Charlotte, North Carolina, wrote in a separate report that he "frequently heard charges of an unwritten but generally accepted policy on the part of those who control the state to eliminate the Negro Mississippian either by driving him out of the state or starving him to death...
...Today this percentage has dropped to forty-seven...
...Dwight Locke Wilbur of San Francisco, who will succeed Rouse next June as head of the 200,000-member organization...
...It called for an "immediate and unprecedented increase" and urged medical schools to admit more students "in the light of national demand...
...We have sown more than our share of dragon's teeth in Vietnam, and the Administration seems ready to seed tnof KlAr\n* r frrnnnn orrain The Drive for Peace Signs were multiplying this summer that supporters of a peace offensive designed to bring about a Vietnam cease-fire, or at least a de-escalation of the war, were gaining significant ground in the United States...
...Hilsman's book supports a view expressed by other confidants of the late President: that in the months before his death he soured on the war, became more convinced that the United States should not take it over, and wanted to limit our commitment to the struggle...
...f College student presidents and editors from 200 campuses drafted and signed a letter to President Johnson informing him that if the Administration's war policy in Vietnam is continued there will be mass defiance of the draft...
...One of the most fervent advocates of bombing, Senator Stuart Symington, a Missouri Democrat and former Secretary of the Air Force, made this startling statement on the Vietnam war: "If we want to leave it and say we made a mistake, that's all right with me...
...Hilsman writes that he decided to resign when "it seemed clear that President Johnson's natural instinct was toward attempting a military solution . . . although hedging it with political qualifications...
...The anti-Jewish feeling is violent enough among the Arabs...
...Anti-Semitic Fallout As with every atomic explosion— which in a political sense, it was—the Israeli victory in the Middle East is to be judged by its dangerous fallout, as well as its successful programming...
...If Kennedy Had Lived Leaders of the Administration, including the President, Vice President, and Secretary of State have contended that if John F. Kennedy had lived to serve a second term in the White House he would have pursued the same policy in Vietnam that Mr...
...The then Chief of the Air Force, General Le May, is quoted by Hilsman as saying, "We are swatting flies when we should be going after the manure pile...
...Rouse, who took office a month ago, may well be the most reactionary president the AMA has ever had—at least in relation to his time...
...Although Americans are drafted at nineteen, Saigon does not conscript youths until they are twenty...
...Medicares Fine First Year Of seventy resolutions on various aspects of Medicare introduced at the AMA national convention, none proposed its abolition or even a rollback of the program...
...When his inaugural address was attacked briskly by three liberal medical groups—the Physicians Forum, the National Medical Association made up primarily of Negro doctors, and the Medical Committee for Human Rights which opposes segregation in patient care—Dr...
...Nearly 12,000 Americans have been killed in Vietnam and 70,000 wounded...
...Thus rapid escalation of our forces has not brought us victory but only a wider war...
...This is no time for complacency, and no time to relax with tokenism...
...And that is what the Communist leaders, in their frustra-tration, are making of anti-Semitism...
...Negatively and predictably, the AMA through its House of Delegates decided to oppose neighborhood health centers now being developed under the Federal anti-poverty program and in their place would encourage private medical care of the poor under Medicaid...
...We saw children," the doctors reported, "afflicted with chronic diarrhea, chronic sores, chronic leg and arm (untreated) injuries and deformities...
...Much the same is true of the various "pacification" programs into which we have poured billions of dollars—only to meet failure at every turn...
...Furthermore, the popular picture of the activist campus leaders—not to be confused with beatniks and hippies, who are generally not activists—as irresponsible rebels is distorted...
...There are only 30,000 Jews left in Poland, out of three million, thanks to the diligence of both Nazi and Polish anti-Semites...
...The truth is now emerging from the fogbanks of military censorship and distortion: The war is bogging down badly...
...Dr...
...To have it further stirred up by the Communists of Europe must make Karl Marx, a European, a Jew, and anti-Russian, turn over in his grave once more...
...We do not wish a Fifth Column in our country," he declared...
...A great many Americans, including some of the best informed and most esteemed in their communities and occupations, are utterly opposed to our Vietnam policy...
...Because of this lost perspective we have poured a half million troops and billions of dollars into the search for a "military solution" not likely to be found this side of total decimation of the Vietnamese people and a frightful toll in American casualties...
...many more elderly Americans have been able to get hospital care with the dignity that goes with the ability to pay...
...Several Jews have held high places in the Polish Workers Party...
...Wheeler saw and heard of conditions among Negroes in Mississippi, the more credible these reports seemed to him...
...By midsummer our backing of Saigon was costing the United States upwards of $70 million a day...
...Air Force Major Robert H. Lawrence became the first Negro selected to be an astronaut, and Benjamin J. Henley was appointed acting superintendent of schools in Washington, D. C., the first of his race to head a major school system...
...They have nowhere to turn for material aid or moral support...
...We can help them...
...This was turning the clock back with a vengeance...
...The edited version, obviously, only made the anti-Semitism a more insidious, because cowardly, thing...
...The President—at the very least—might have proposed to Kosygin what he once had Ambassador Goldberg propose in the United Nations—that the Security Council recommend the Geneva Conference be reconvened to start negotiations for a settlement in Vietnam, but there was no evidence Mr...
...Rouse could become president of the AMA says nothing good for America's major medical body...
...While South Vietnamese generals jockeyed for power, and their troops did relatively little fighting, the U.S...
...But now Gomulka warns Poland's Jews that they are out of favor because of the events in the Middle East, and his remarks are applauded by the congress of trade unionists he was addressing...
...The most repulsive horror of all is the spectacle of the resistance by Southern Senators and Representatives in the chambers of Congress to the modest efforts of the Administration to relieve what a Senate subcommittee described earlier this year as "malnutrition," and seven medical doctors have now labeled, starkly, "starvation...
...These are the students who a generation hence will be running our political and social institutions and forming national policies...
...Commissioner Ball considers Medicare a substantial success, and the first year's figures bear him out...
...More numerous now, armed with sophisticated Soviet weapons, and more aggressive than ever before, the opposing forces, which total 50,000 North Vietnamese and about 250,000 Viet-cong, are taking larger losses so as to inflict greater numbers of casualties among our troops...
...The Dallas doctor has been active in the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons...
...Some American reporters in Vietnam contend that a ratio of four-to-one would be closer to the truth...
...This remarkable dearth of open opposition implied that organized medicine had decided Medicare was succeeding much too well, during its first year of operation, to be vulnerable to a challenge on its basic merits...
...All you get for a gold-plated salary," a St...
...But the achievements of the handful of Negroes who have attained high position—and the front-page publicity accorded the appointments— must not obscure the urgent need for a massive educational, social, and vocational program designed to bring into the mainstream of American life the more than twenty million Negroes who remain confined in Harlem, in Watts, in the segregated slums of scores of cities, North and South, and in the unbelievably impoverished rural mudholes of the South...
...It is time that he—and the Republican leaders who support escalation of the war—took a new and careful reading of the growing peace sentiment in the United States...
...But tradition—or more accurately, peasant intolerance and ignorance, what Lenin called "the idiocy of village life"— is a far different thing from government policy...
...Wilbur, long associated with the Mayo Clinic and the Stanford School of Medicine, is a moderate who is credited, through his influence on the board of trustees of the AMA, with persuading that powerful organization to ease its bitter opposition to Medicare and refrain from boycotting it...
...The more Dr...
...As Robert M. Nash, director of the U.S...
...To add to the bizarreness of this incident, the Polish news agency deleted the Fifth Column statement in its printed text of the speech, and made two additions, one saying that the majority of Polish Jews are not pro-Israel, and the other broadening the warning—"let them draw the proper conclusions," said Gomulka— broadening it to include other nationalities who might be sympathetic to Israel...
...Older people have received from five to twenty per cent more in-patient hospital service than they would have received without Medicare...
...disengagement" from the Saigon "political generals," and a realization by our policy-makers that "Indochina is not the crossroads of the world...
...If President Johnson's sole response to their views is to denigrate them as "weak-kneed" or "faint-hearted," as he did in Los Angeles to $l,000-a-plate Democrats, then he is on a political collision course with millions of Americans...
...The Federal Government has responded to the exposure of these almost unbelievable conditions by drastically reducing the purchase price of the Department of Agriculture's food stamps, which enable the poor to obtain surplus foods at minimal cost...
...Nothing General Westmoreland or the Pentagon has devised—whether increased bombing of the North, larger sweeps by ground forces, more "search and destroy" missions—has produced any evidence that military methods have humbled or will humble the foe and so force him to negotiate...
...The "literal starvation" of the Mississippi Negro in a land as rich as ours is worse than shameful...
...These are laudable choices of men eminently qualified in their fields, and provide evidence that doors in many areas are opening to Negroes...
...No sign was evident, as we went to press, that President Johnson was altering the course in Vietnam...
...What was lost sight of, as the Middle East crisis dominated the front pages for weeks, was that the United States was still increasing its enormous wager on Saigon, a nag that looks less like a winner with each passing day...
...For many the choice of hospital has, for the first time, been broadened to include the best...
...Among them were: f Four million patients aged sixty-five or older received hospital care for which Medicare paid $2.4 billion in benefits...
...On an even more controversial issue —abortion—the trustees gave their sanction to the legalization of abortion on grounds similar to those recommended by the American Law Institute, the slightly liberalized grounds for abortion which have been written this year into the law in Colorado, North Carolina, and California...
...A New Breed of Student The activist college students today are an entirely different breed from the conservative, security-driven students whose very lack of social protest created so much concern among thoughtful Americans a decade or so ago...
...And on September 2, 1963, seven weeks before his death, Kennedy made this last statement on Vietnam and the Vietnamese which Hilsman quotes: "In the final analysis it is their war...
...In 1961, Robert Welch, Birch Society founder, addressed the AAPS convention...
...The soaring cost of health care— medical costs rose 6.6 per cent in 1966, the largest increase in eighteen years— now poses the major threat to continued success of the Medicare program...
...Supreme Court, the first Negro chosen for the highest court...
...Milford O. Rouse of Dallas, president of the American Medical Association, appears to have little in common with Dr...
...Of course, it would hurt us around the world, but it wouldn't hurt us any more than what we're doing now...
...There are nearly 100,000 Jews in nine Arab states, from Morocco to Iraq, and nearly all are now trying to emigrate, and not being allowed to leave...
...He continued as Assistant Secretary under President Johnson until he resigned in 1964 because—as he discloses in his book—he was convinced that Johnson planned to abandon the more cautious Kennedy policy in favor of a "military solution" in Vietnam...
Vol. 31 • August 1967 • No. 8
