STATES SHOULD HANDLE INDIAN PROBLEM

...How best to assist and aid them to become self-supporting and to better their conditions is a big question and one worthy of much careful consideration...

...THIS may be one way to educate and civilize the Indians, but it seems rather inhuman, unjust and un-American...

...The walls of the cliff are almost perpendicular with the exception of one end where a road has been built in recent years...

...It was quite evident that the Navajos and Hopis would gladly improve their conditions if given a little assistance and an opportunity to do so...

...Work of Missionaries...

...It is a fine bridge and a great benefit to the tourists and travelers through that country, but of little or no use to the Indians, and it seems hardly fair to charge up the expense to them when they are apparently having a mighty hard time to exist under the present conditions forced upon them by the government...

...During the last session of Congress, bills were introduced providing for the Government to turn control of Indians over to the several States and to appropriate the amount of money that is now used, or as much as is necessary, to the various States for education of and assistance to the Indians...

...They have a very good process as evidenced by pottery still in good condition being found in old ruins that have been uncovered...

...It is one of the old time settlements, probably dating back several thousand years...

...When he hammers a nail into a horse's hoof he doesn't look at the nail— he listens to it...

...At Tuba City, I first saw the Navajo women weaving the wonderfully beautiful Navajo rug from wool from their own sheep...

...John Collier, secretary of the American Defense Association, and party on a visit by automobile to several Indian reservation and party on a visit by auto-Kcw Mexico...

...But the whites, by use of Uncle Sam's army, have crowded these people back off their best land and a government irrigation project has stolen practically all the water from them...

...After innumerable complaints and charges against the superintendent, he was transferred by the Department to some other reservation...

...They were one of the tribes which actually practiced agricultural irrigation before the white man ever saw that country...

...The children go home each night and judging from evidences we saw and from what the teachers and traders said, these day schools are a great success and have a mighty wholesome effect upon the adult Indians and upon their homes...

...THERE are some high class missionaries on the Reservation and they are doing a world of good, but it is no wonder that they have a hard time converting the Indians to the white man's religion...

...On one of the desert reservations of Arizona where, I think, the average white man would starve, the Indians complained that a large spring on their land where their cattle and horses came for miles to water, had been taken away from them by a mining company that reeded the water for a mine also on the Indian reservation...

...These blankets are quite a source of revenue to the Navajos...

...Horses have not been banished from industry and commerce—there are 65,000 in use in the ci;y of New York alone...

...The actual treatment they have received, at the hands of the whites, speaks louder than the missionaries...

...On this cliff are held their annual snake dances to which visitors come from all over the country...

...If the parents cannot afford to pay their children's transportation to and from school in vacation time, the children must remain away from home...

...Some of these posts had great storehouses well stocked with Indian products for sale, such as blankets, crockery, baskets, buckskin and bead work and all had bracelets, rings and other silver ornaments made by the native Indians...

...Our treatment of the Indians is mighty hard to justify when we consider that they were the original Americans and that they had lived here for thousands of years and prospered before the white man came...

...At Needles, California, on the Colorado River, •we met the first Indians on the trip, the Mp-haves...

...These products that the Indians make and the wool they get from their sheep are practically their only source of income...

...The next preservation to be visited was that of the Pima tribe in southern Arizona...

...When the land was turned back to the Indians, it was almost invariably full of foul weeds and so run down as to make it almost worthless...

...The roads through the reservations are not very good at best, and after a severe sandstorm, such as had passed through that country just ahead of us, they were almost impassable...

...This educational system is on a par with many other treatments of the Indians and their property...

...The last group visited in the Wast were the Yuma Indians who live in the famous Yuma Valley...

...We next came to the Walapai Reservation and went through a boarding school...

...It is evident that a considerable part of the Indian boys' training is to civilize, educate and Christianize them so that they can take their part in the next war for world peace and democracy as many of them did in the late World War: Tuba City is in the great Navajo country where sheep and goats are raised by many of the Indians and where they raise corn on the desert and always keep a year's supply ahead...

...Indians Are Citizens...

...To make the situation harder for these Indians, the former superintendent leased the allotments to white men for five years...

...Growing Demand for Change By LYNN FRAZIER (United States Senator from North Dakpta) HJLE in the "West last spring, I accepted an invitation to accompany Mr...

...A part of the Indian boys education is military drill...

...FOR THE BLACKSMITH...

...It is on this reservation that the much talked of tourists' bridge was built at the expense of the Indians...

...Ruins of Cliff Dwellers AFTER leaving Ganado, we drove to Gallup, New Mexico, and from there went out to visit some very interesting old ruins of the cliff dwellers...

...Most of the traders seemed honestly interested in the welfare of the Indians and anxious to see them have better conditions...

...A few years ago, the Government put in an irrigation project for them but the cost and the water charges are so high that it is almost impossible for tho Indians to get along...

...THE INDIANS are Americans and citizens of the United States...

...Some of the Pima farmers irrigate with water from wells and we saw some good gardens and cotton and wheat growing in their fields...

...They had washed, carded, spun and colored the wool with their own vegetable dyes and guaranteed them to be fast colors...

...We visited the Grand Canyon, an immense expanse of picturesque space, and then went on through the great Painted Desei-t of the Little Colorado country to Tuba City...

...The Yuma Indians have a wonderfully rich country and with friendly assistance have a good chance to materially better their conditions and become independent...

...They work for the railroad company and at any other labor they can get to help them eke out a bare living...

...At Ganado, there is an irrigation project and there seemetl to he seme very enterprising farmers with excellent gardens and fields of alfalfa, also beef cattle, sheep, hogs and horses...

...The far-seeing blacksmith has taken up auto repair work as a side line...

...In fact, the white farmers were having a mighty hard time to pay water rent, taxes and interest...

...About 200 Indians lived in their stone houses on top of the cliff of solid rock...

...The sentiment for this change is continually growing stronger and 1 briitve it might be the means of giving the Indians a better training and education and also a means of bettering their general conditions both as to health and prosperity...

...The Hopis are noted for their making of pottery and many of the women were busy shaping the clay into pottery which was dried in the sun and then burned...

...He's like a musician...

...The boys, from little tots to fifteen or sixteen years of age, were dressed in uniforms and marched like soldiers...

...Before this road was constructed, the only way to get up and down was by stone steps cut in the walls of rock...

...The Hopis, like other Indians of that section, have sheep, goats and gardens and many of them keep poultry...

...In this territory, Zane Grey found the background for his story of the "Vanishing American," and it was also there that the photo reels were taken for the movie of the -same title...

...that a born blacksmith works with his ears...

...WHEN the Indians live where day schools are possible, I believe they are far preferable to any other class of school...

...This reservation has two very fine government day schools...

...The boss farmer continued the same unfair attitude toward the wards of the Government, but 1 am informed that he, too, has been transferred since I was out there...

...He's like a musician," says Mr...

...There is a large boarding school at Tuba City and as we were there on a Sunday morning, we had an opportunity to see the Indian children in dress parade and at inspection...

...If it listens all right he keeps on hammering...

...The school was nicely located and was fairly well equipped but, as in many other Indian schools of that character, the children were taken from their homes at the age of six or seven and kept at the boarding school until they completed the sixth grade...

...School...

...One of the most interesting places that we visited was one of the Hopi villages located on top of a""high cliff...

...John Kirkpatriek of Jersey City declare...

...These Indians were without land and lived in huts on railroad property...

...Kirkpatrick, "it's gift...

...There are many trading posts in this territory occupied by the Navajos and Hopis...

...They are badly in need of land and better homes...

...After the dress parade and the inspection, the children went to Sunday...

...The Government pays their transportation from their homes to the school when they enter and then pays transportation to their homes after they complete their six years' course...

...A recent annual convention at Jersey City, New Jersey, announces that there are 70,000 blacksmiths in the United States today...

...After leaving Tuba City, the desert roads were drifted in with sand and, in some places, practically obliterated...

...The excuse was that the land must be leveled and gotten in shape for irrigation...

...Indian Dry Farmers 1THINK the Navajos and other Indians of the Southwest were the original dry farmers and apparently can give our experts from the Department of Agriculture a good many pointers on the dry farming game...

...TrSders Are Interested...

...The system practiced by the Indian Bureau of transferring incompetent and crooked employees from one reservation to another^ is indefensible and nothing short of criminal...

...System is Un-American...