The Raid
GOODMAN, WALTER
Game by walter goodman The Raid The operation was moving along right on schedule when our jeep had a flat, which we could not change because the spare tire had been left behind in order that...
...My head was spinning...
...At GM, we've clone what was previously thought to be impossible...
...CM980Xoffers greater ductility at the same strength as SA E 980X, and greater strength at the same ductility as SAE 950X...
...in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1969...
...Rashid's discovery represents a significant breakthrough in the area of steel development...
...THE MAN BEHIND THE WORK M.S...
...Tune in," said Big Casm...
...In 10 seconds, they had grabbed our prisoners, bundled them into a working helicopter and disappeared, leaving behind lots of smoke and a little card that said, "Courtesy of the Israeli Armed Forces...
...In the SAE 980X...
...to 26??F/ sec...
...Which way is Borough Park...
...Big Casm didn't miss a beat...
...Mow the bastards down...
...Game by walter goodman The Raid The operation was moving along right on schedule when our jeep had a flat, which we could not change because the spare tire had been left behind in order that three more volunteers might be fitted into (he trunk...
...Our hostages wished only to embrace us...
...One technique which has proved fruitful is materials substitution...
...I didn't know Cubans did the hora," panted Vlacze...
...Igne plunged into his maps, but before he could figure out which was right side up, we were surrounded by a commando squadron in disguise...
...It turned out that the map was in Parsi, a language he hadn't mastered...
...Tests have proved that GM 980X distributes strain more uniformly than SAE 980X, has a greater resistance to necking, and thus has far superior formability...
...The trigger mechanisms on all the attache cases jammed, which was fortunate because it turned out that we weren't being attacked after all...
...Sorry, sir, but I think we can get a better rate on guldens...
...What the hell," he waved us forward...
...ordered Big Casm...
...We are not on rest and recreation, and we are not supposed to be consorting with the natives...
...His findings have opened the door to a new class of materials and have completely disproved the commonly held belief that high strength steel is not a practical material for extensive automotive application...
...Where's your meter...
...General Motors People building transportation to serve people fire that messed up the cigars of a couple of soldiers in the plaza, he produced the documents in a plastic packet...
...I suggest that we take them...
...Stansl stepped forward...
...Rashid, discoverer of the technique to make GM 980X steel, comments, "I was working on another project using HSLA steel, when I noticed that if SAE 980X steel is heated above its eutectoid temperature (the temperature at which the crystalline structure of metal is transformed) for a few minutes, and cooled under controlled conditions, the steel developed significantly higher ductility and strain-hardening characteristics, with no reduction in tensile strength...
...Government, Jimmy Carter prop...
...to 14??C/sec...
...Yeah, one of them has a cousin in Chicago who I know...
...16??F...
...To tell you the truth," Igne said after a while, "I'm not sure whether this is a map of Havana and environs or downtown Calcutta...
...There wasn't much to be seen...
...New hope for the increased utilization of HSLA steel has arisen, however, with the development of a new dual-phase steel, GM 980X, at the General Motors Research Laboratories...
...In case you're wondering what we have in these cases, it's spare parts for digital wrist watches...
...the second phase is martensite...
...We surrendered, confident that the Pentagon wouldn't let us down, and that even at that moment a group of handpicked volunteers was receiving extraordinary training for our rescue mission...
...Dr...
...Take hostages...
...Dr...
...He waved a batch of currency...
...Since the formability (ductility) of most high strength steels is poor, though, it has only been possible to form simple shapes from it...
...Americanski...
...Sorry, sir," said Mendy, "but these here Hasids insist on coming with us...
...Our objective was nothing less than to abduct Castro himself and exchange him for our countrymen in the Teheran embassy...
...We were all pretty beat, and soon dozed off...
...Excuse me, Colonel," said Vlacze (Sharp Elbow) Crook, our currency man...
...Rashid notes, "We found that the maximum total elongation resulted when the cooling rate was 9??C/sec...
...You hostages, we Soldaten...
...F J-UR -URTHER experiments proved that the key variables to make GM 980X are steel chemistry, heating time and temperature, and the rate at which the steel is cooled...
...Unfortunately, the rockets had been there first and the remains were very hard to read...
...When we awoke, we were in the hands of some young guys carrying Hurrah for Radical Sheik banners...
...In the standard SAE system for material identification, "9" designates that the steel is HSLA...
...The superior formability of GM 980X compared to SAE 980X steel appears to depend on the nature of two microstructural constituents, a ferrite matrix (the principal microstructural component) with a very high strain-hardening coefficient, and a deformable martensite (the other crystalline structure) phase...
...After about an hour, we spotted a cab...
...We tried to follow, but our prisoners wouldn't let go of our hands...
...This is the 264th day of captivity for the Americans in Iran...
...General Motors is not in the steel business, and GM 980X is not a brand of steel...
...We took defensive positions and prepared to return fire...
...The "X" denotes a micro-alloyed steel??one containing on the order of 0.1...
...Weight reduction is achieved because thinner sections (less volume) can be used to carry the same load...
...Obviously, the exact nature of these constituents must be important, and any variations in the nature of these constituents could influence formability...
...We were all dancing, except Big Casm, who had tried a judo move and landed on his ass...
...Now, a simple heat treating and controlled cooling process, developed at the General Motors Research Laboratories, has successfully enhanced formability properties without sacrificing strength...
...The superior formability of GM 980X has substantially increased the utilization of HSLA steel in the manufacturing of automotive components such as wheel discs and rims, bumper face bars and reinforcements, control arms, and steering coupling reinforcements...
...You may be right," gasped Mendy...
...Change money," he yelled...
...Dinero, dinero...
...Therefore, voids leading to failure do not form until after more extensive deformation has occurred and the martensite phase is also highly strained...
...GM 980X displays the same strength, after strain hardening, as SAE 980X steel, but has far more ductility...
...You tell them," Big Casm ordered our linguist Mendel (Cleft Tongue) Hug...
...At this, the hostages cheered and rushed us...
...Good deal...
...He was born in the city of Vellore in Tamil Nadu (Madras), India, and attended the College of Engineering at the r University of ' Madras-Guindy...
...Landsmen...
...A OR SOME TIME, automotive engineers and designers have been faced with the challenge of building cars light enough to get good gas mileage, but still roomy enough to comfortably transport four or five passengers...
...This has severely limited the widespread use of HSLA steels (such as SAE 980X) for auto components...
...It's the hora," explained Mendy as we went round and round...
...Banzai...
...It turned out that the driver didn't have change for a large note, so we took his name and address and promised to send him some advanced weaponry...
...When not in the lab, he enjoys relaxing by playing tennis and racquetball with his wife, Kulsum...
...and the lowest total elongation resulted from the highest cooling rate (14??C or 2(>??F/sec...
...They want to go to the Promised Land ??Borough Park...
...But he wasn't called Steel Bult Heck for nothing...
...They can easily be absorbed into the CIA...
...Hostages...
...He fiddled a bit...
...No military rank, dummy," whispered Big Casm...
...You are hostages of the U.S...
...We were all grateful when Big Casm ordered us to desist...
...Scanning electron microscope micrograph of dual phase steel at a magnification of2,000...
...These here are Hasidic Jews...
...Remember the Walter Cronkite show...
...Rashid is continuing his investigations into the development of even more ductile high strength, low alloy steels...
...My suspicion, sir, is that they are criminals or half-wits planted here by Fidel to embarrass the Administration...
...The matrix (background) is ferrite...
...A comparison of the stress-strain behavior of CM 980X, SAE980X...
...The Hostages Now we swung into action...
...We have made the President proud...
...We surrounded the cab, fingers at the ready on the triggers of our attache cases...
...After a three year Post Doctoral Fellowship at Iowa State University, he joined the staff of the General Motors Research Laboratories...
...yelled Mendy...
...The driver shrugged and we piled in...
...The plan was out...
...GM" in the designation indicates that the steel is a variation of the conventional SAE 980X grade...
...It was while sitting in the courtyard, waiting for an On-Duty cab and listening to cha-cha music, that we learned Big Ed Muskie and Big Zbig were engaged in a wrestling match down in Foggy Bottom for who would publish his memoirs first...
...That's okay," said Big Casm, who was sitting on top of the rest of us in the back seat...
...The driver shrugged and we continued without incident, except for a short burst of rocket fire from one of the attache cases that nicked Big Casm in the ass before tearing the roof off the Fiat...
...Rashid, "and now we're hard at work to find an even stronger and more ductile steel to meet the needs of the future...
...Dragsha, our communications man, started to set up his equipment, but discovered that he'd forgotten his antenna...
...failure occurs after the ferrite becomes highly strained, but when the GM 980X ferrite is highly strained, strain is apparently transferred to the martensite phase, and it also deforms...
...The driver shrugged...
...He pointed his attache case at the driver: "Take us to Fidel...
...This characteristic allows it to be formed into various complex shapes which were previously thought to be impossible with HSLA steels...
...GM 980X steel has a high strain-hardening coefficient or n value, accompanied by a large total elongation...
...It went off a little earlier than anticipated, and Big Casm landed on his ass...
...Now we stood around shuffling like civilians, according to plan, until our charismatic leader, Big Casimir Heck, got us going again...
...Our months of training stood us in good stead now, and before you could say Zbigniew Brzezinski, we had a batch of Cubans in our power...
...You can take pride in the accomplishment of having achieved so much in so delicate an operation...
...In a minute, he was dusted off and the eight.of us were walking along what we hoped was the road to Havana??in our three-piece suits with Swiss labels, carrying attache cases like your ordinary European businessmen...
...Kameraden...
...GM 980X is the designation for a type of steel displaying mechanical properties similar to those of the samples first formulated at the General Motors Research Laboratories...
...Big Casm asked the driver, as the rest of us scrambled out the hole in the roof...
...Big Casm ordered Stanislaus (Tight Lips) Glubb to break open the secret orders...
...Hey, I can get the Armed Forces Network...
...No, he wasn't called Steel Butt Heck for nothing...
...Big Zbig reasoned that by throwing out this false scent, we would stir up suspicion between the Cubans and East Europeans and thereby improve America's geopolitical situation...
...If we don't take them to Brooklyn, it may damage our Human Rights image in the Third World...
...Are you sure these guys are not Imams in disguise, Mendy...
...Sergeant, call in the choppers to extract us...
...Unlike plastics and aluminum, however, HSLA steels have the same density as plain carbon steel...
...If things went awry, we were to say that we had been on a rescue mission...
...Cuban troops were rounding up the wretched refuse of their teeming shore for export to the U.S.A...
...We had all been hand-picked by Big Zbig himself...
...Things got a little tight in the Fiat when Igne began unfolding the maps he had requisitioned from an Exxon station before our jeep broke down...
...There was silence while we looked at our hostages and they looked at each other...
...Okay," ordered Big Casm coolly...
...says Dr...
...Lighter materials, such as aluminum alloys and plastics and high strength, low alloy steels (HSLA), are being phased into new vehicle designs to replace certain plain carbon steel components...
...Okay," said Big Casm coolly, "can you change a hundred thousand piastre note...
...Big Casm addressed them: "Keep calm...
...Stansl had a little trouble with his attach^ case, but after a burst of rocket The Ductility Factor The use of high strength, low alloy steel has been severely limited, due to its low ductility...
...Darn," said Drgsh...
...The n value gives a measure of the ability of the metal to distribute strain...
...Big Casm put his big hands on his big hips and looked around...
...Anyhow, these people feel hurt if you don't haggle...
...Just follow our orders, no matter how stupid they may sound, and you will not be hurt...
...He came to the United States in 1963 and was awarded a Ph.D...
...andSAE950Xsteels...
...If you behave yourselves, we'll let you have Christmas services...
...An incredible explanation, but in a situation like this, people will believe anything...
...Come on, move it," ordered Big Casm, planting a charge under the jeep lest any American technology fall into the hands of the adversary...
...Hey, amigo," said Big Casm, "can you take a party of eight European businessmen to the capital...
...Each, though, has displayed inherent problems which limit its utilization...
...Specimens of SAE 980X were heated in a neutral salt bath, then cooled to room temperature with cooling rates ranging from 5...
...asked Big Casm...
...Forget them and let's move on...
...This was a ploy of Big Zbig himself...
...My guy took my hand, and we began to dance...
...The higher the n value, the more uniform the strain distribution and the greater the re sistance of the metal to necking (localized hour-glass-shaped thinning that stretched metals display just prior to breaking...
...The guys at the bottom required mouth-to-mouth resuscitation...
...What we have accomplished may be unprecedented in the history of military maneuvers...
...We were all grateful for the extra stretching room...
...Finally, he declared, "Men, in the light of technical difficulties, I hereby declare this mission an abortion...
...Ignace (Cockeyed) Bent, our map man, sat up front...
...You are our hostages," they announced...
...Maybe they'll play a cha-cha...
...Vlacze waved a handful of bills in front of thedriver...
...Rashid is a Senior Research Engineer in the Metallurgy Department at the General Motors Research Laboratories...
...The World Court will hear of this," warned Big Casm...
...Hey, paisan...
...I don't think we're supposed to be dealing in piastres...
...We hadn't been trained for the hora, only for the cha-cha...
...This is the subject of ongoing research...
...Big Casm gave him a phony card with the address of a Rumanian oil refinery...
...After a while, the taxi stopped at a plaza where some commotion was under way...
...They were on a bus tour to the Sinai and got diverted...
...80" is the nominal yield strength of the metal in thousands of pounds per square inch...
...of other metals such as vanadium, columbium, titanium, or zirconium as a strengthening agent...
...Il had its Off Duly sign lighted up, but Big Casm, undaunted, stepped right in front of it and wound up on his ass...
Vol. 63 • June 1980 • No. 11
