A GREAT WORKER-ARTIST DISCOVERED
A Great Workers -- Artist Discovered "GaT, Miner and Sidewalk Artist, Creating Sensation—-Some of His Pictures "|""'AL," «n obscure miner, has been ^discovered. Par "OsJ", in addition to...
...A day's work plowing would kill most of you...
...If it is to be a ratio of 5—5—3, that ratio can be maintained by all increasing their proportionate strength or by decreasing it...
...The Council declares that in a case which involves life ami death "we think the responsibility too great to be thrown on on*e man...
...Par "OsJ", in addition to being a coaldigger, la an artist...
...Coolidge declares that this does not mean competition with ^other nations...
...Quoting time, place and circumstance, he charged the official with a flagrant breach of the Coal Mines Act, the exposure of which would have made it impossible for him to retain bis official capacity...
...Send them to the chair and consider the judicial procedure later...
...I jump a train for the farm lands...
...Does comrade Maurer advise us to accept this Russian way...
...Gal" was asked to draw on paper, and before long his work began to appear in The New Leader, where It created quite a sensation...
...Even when he belongs quite definitely to the legion of tenant husbandry, the sense of some day owning the pungent earth he plows, drugs him into an insensibility to reason...
...I, alone am questioning, it seems...
...He was there three weeks...
...In the first case it is certain to lead to armed conflict...
...What a contrast between two nations...
...Is there any kind of democracy - for members of the Russian Communist party...
...Doe/ comrade Maurer believe that Bolshevism in theory and practice has justified Itself...
...I may be poor now, but every cloud has...
...I get the following reply: "And I reckon you mean public ownership of agriculture, huh...
...Why and how, I leave to solemn statisticians to explain...
...So did the members of his advisory commission in this case, headed by President Lowell of Harvard...
...A prominent Communist told him that "these people" are tried before they are arrested, that Is, they are tried without their knowing about It and of course without any opportunity of defending themselves...
...His refusal to submit was met by the much dreaded threat...
...It ma"y be the beginning of an armament race that will end in the ditch of war...
...If he errs in any matter of discretion as distinguished from law the result is irreparable...
...Also, that when the situation becomes unbearable for even the moneylenders, Congressmen and Senators get busy and give the farm invalid a dose of State Socialism...
...Why must the United States be one of the leading nations of the world where the working class is beaten inch by inch and day by day for lack of political power...
...The gifted artistry of this sidewalk artist was sensed in a moment...
...Result—a discussion in camera between collier and official, and no further wage-cutting...
...At least he did not tell hte Boston audience what he did answer to his Communist Questioner...
...A woman hanging up clothes, or carrying a pail...
...One thing, he said, is that "we Americans cannot condone" the peculiar judicial process In Russia...
...You city fellers and your forrinners can have your Socialism togather with your garbage lined gutters and airlcs3 flats...
...They are being evicted from "homes" owned by mining corporations, face a bleak winter, and are dependent upon aid of the unions and their friends thoughout the country...
...Jn the second case it makes conflict more remote...
...This is the manner in which a crazy house of cards is kept erect in a sort of solid semblance...
...Discontent prevailed...
...The Bolshevik Revolution In Russia, with its terror and Tcheka, the abolition of freedom and democracy are justified on the ground that Socialism is being established in agricultural Russia...
...We urge our readers to not wait to the last moment in renewing...
...You can be low enough to believe it for yourself, but down here you're, trespassing on our intelligence when you tell us such things...
...We have buckshot and feathers for such smart alecky doings...
...Coolidge r received nearly 130.000 votes in Texas in 1924 and with more invasions by corporations the Republican vote will continue to increase...
...The rise of capitalist production in North Carolina, especially textiles, in Virginia, Florida and Alabama is transforming an old agricultural region into an image of the North...
...It' agin God, law and country...
...t - __A Tale of Two Nations fWO events within a %w days in two nations provide a comparison and contrast that are of vast significance to the workers of the United States, Since last April the bituminous miners of Pennsylvania have been on strike...
...The three hundred thousand can roll on, and the million foot and soul weary slaves file by...
...But the cycle swings into recession so quickly, and lean seasons follow, and then installments, and taxes and interest oh mortgages, and bills for feed and materials pile up unpaid, until the next turn upward, so that in an endless circle he keeps paying off a littie more of what never is actually ever paid...
...But even for this barbarism comrade Maurer has a justification...
...But 111 pay them honestly...
...Let not one imagine be baa ae Influence...
...How "Gml" was discovered is an interesting story...
...The first, "The Village End," appears in this issue...
...Yet the tiller of the soil saddens me...
...Without intending it, possibly without knowing it, comrade Maurer made propaganda for Communism, helped the Communist Party and harmed the Socialist movement...
...They leer • * • and leer • • * . —S...
...The Sacco-Vanzetti case was an exhibition of class malice and nothing else...
...I wonder if he ever understands how it comes about that he falls upon a good season, with high prices for crops so that be can pay back a part of the old debt, and get up enough courage to buy a new car on the part payment plan, a new coat for the wife, a new roof for the barn, a power pump for the well, all on expected profits...
...The Southwest is being surveyed by experts far raw materials to serve the greater industries that are expected...
...But he failed to make clear why trade unions are necessary in a country where everything belongs to the state, and the state to the workers.' He found Russian production has risen IS per cent above the 1913 level...
...Z expected a Socialist interpretation of Russia, and a Socialist appreciation of Bolshevism...
...The impression was, though comrade Maurer may not have intended it, that the Russian way is not only the good way but the only way to Socialism...
...He could read in every Russian paper that this is not true...
...All I know is that the rural banks are perpetual receivers and the farmers are just helping them to liquidate private investments...
...If the pundits say Bissll's drawings'are good, they must be...
...December 12th...
...They let two men go to their death with the knowledge that one judge had sat in the trial since its beginning, that this judge passed upon the issue of his own prejudice and upon new evidence which the defense counsel claimed to have...
...Awake...
...All this is to the good...
...To*Our Readers QUITE a large number of subscriptions to The New Leader and the American Appeal are expiring and will expire to the end of the year...
...and other Russian periodica la...
...I wanted to learn how Russia Impressed an American Socialist...
...Outside before my eyes the three hundred thousand autos roll on in a daily routine...
...I own a house, a barn, chickens, cows, machinery, horses, acres of good land and acres of wood...
...Their great adventure together on the London pavements might well provide another chapter to Smiles' 'Self-Help/ Though I would not detract one iota from the magnificent success of Bissil (an old friend and school-fellow), I find more appreciation among miners of 'Gal's' work...
...The scene shifts to Germany...
...What had comrade Maurer really seen in Russia...
...The election returns in the past ten years show a Republican vote on the increase and it rises with the development of ¦industrial capitalism...
...The same prominent Communist asked him, "isn't it true that working people are shot in the United States without any trial...
...They want victims...
...Crows caw over fields of old stubble, a stream shines under the light like a golden ruffled ribbon...
...American agriculture has been in a state of perpetual bankruptcy before and since the good old war days...
...Moreover, our readers will understand that by thus cooperating with us in this matter they will save the staff much unnecessary work as wejl as extra expense...
...They call it government loans to move crops, and fix high prices on grain and produce for the rest of us to pay and so assure the farmer a profit...
...Whither...
...This land fed my father and will keep me and my sons, God willing it • • • • Mortgages, Interest, past due bills and such will be paid off with next crop or the next...
...Potatoes will be scarce next year, so I m planting twenty acres of them...
...Comrade Maurer has not found anything in Russia that he could not justify...
...Yet no sooner do I peer too closely into the cruel phases of the ordinary farmer's life, than I rush .back into my mobbed city and lose myself In the bedlam of trade, barter and shop...
...That group has a^ powerful influence over the Ministry itself...
...For of all the sufferers under the established disorder, he gets the rawest deal, and makes the least complaint...
...And take my farm from me, not on your life, young city feller...
...All of them talk glibly about the need of being armed to "preserve the peace" but when the leading nations load up with arms they are ready to fight, not to preserve the peace...
...He was telUng his audience about the great Russian trade-unions...
...This whole region was once a "solid"' barrier against the Republicans...
...Whoever be may be, and wherever he may be placed, the man who thinks becomes a ¦ light and a power.—Heady George...
...As far as technically possible a threeshift day will be put into effect at the first of the year and arrangements necessary to introduce the system must begin immediately...
...Mussolini and his followers in this country are not arrxious to punish the real murderers...
...The cry for a tariff by the capitalist class also .Incomes more insistent in \ the South and even the Democrats from the States \that are being transformed hear their master's voice Jand forget the "time-honored principles of the f party" on this issue...
...I am a constant reader of the "IsvesUa," of the "Ekonomttcheskaya Zhian, "Krasnaya Nov...
...The farmer retains bis title to farm ownership, and the usurer can lend his money to him, secure in the knowledge that the government will collect it for him eventually...
...Renew at once and send another subscription to keep it compan y! ' —s;-:-' An Echo of the Sacco Case AREPORT of the Judicial Council of Massachusetts to Governor Fuller presents a forceful "criticisnf of judicial procedure in that state and recommends certain changes which vindicate the assertion, that Sacco and Vanzetti went to their death largely because the present procedure permits one judge tonsit in judgment upon all issues, including his own prejudice, except the question of law...
...I find myself at the store window again, my desk littered up with bills, and orders...
...Yet this is the sort of vermin that rule Italy...
...Gal' was ordered to do a task at which a higher rate of pay should be recognised...
...What more can be MM...
...In the thesis of the opposition (Pravda, November 5, 1927) it is stated that capitalism grows In the cities, the Kulak gets richer and more influential in the villages, unemployment grows, the housing shortage is terrible and what is still worse, the NEP-man and the Kulak become more and more politically Influential...
...And in face of such logic and vehemence what else can one do but shift himself back to a world of stone and steel...
...In our bituminous coal fields we have what has become a lockout and the Chief Executive of the United States practically washes his hands of a struggle that means measureless suffering for many thousands of men, women and- children this Winter...
...HAIM KANTOBOtTTCB...
...Virginia and Florida...
...Some ten years ago Oombrade Sackhelm was one of the most active members of repeal New York, served on many committees and was extremely useful to the organization due to his varied talents as an artist, speaker and writer...
...Sackheim, Old-Time Socialist, Dies in N. Y. The old timers of Local New York and especially those comrades connected with the Yorkville Branch and the obi Local New York Central Committee will be shocked to hear of the sudden death af William Sackheim, who died on Monday...
...Political power is yours if you want it...
...Comrade Maurer did not utter one word of disagreement on this question...
...Where...
...Meanwhile the factory buildings across the street lean over like frightening totems of a man-eating faith...
...In another place Zlnoviev pictures the present conditions in Russia in the following words: "The Nep is' growing and you call it Socialism and are happy about It...
...that strikes are really unnecessary...
...Sacco and Vanzetti were aliens anVl workingmen...
...Nevertheless, he is convinced that Socialism is really being built there, that the workers are free, happy and contented, more than In any other country of the world...
...The cross-examination of Alexander Rocco, Fascist organizer and star witness for the prosecution, proved that gentleman to be a weak ree-f upon which to lean...
...And all this at a time when a bitter fight is going on between the real founders of Bolshevism and those who call the NEP Socialism...
...Governor Fuller knew it was an issue...
...The rise of capitalism in the South will bring with it organization of the working class and the possibility of a Socialist movement...
...Neal remarks that "Gal" is no politician, but he is class-conscious and follows the example of his father in being a staunch supporter of Trade Unionism...
...It is because the organiaed masses of Germany have one of the strongest Socialist parties in the world and the German working class have a powerful fighting group in the Reichstag to fight the battles of Labor...
...Credit goes to The New Leader, the Socialist paper in London, which is sort of a brother-publication to our own New Leader...
...It is freely discussed in the Socialist and Communist press, only comrade Maurer and the "Dally Worker" do not know anything about it: both agree that everything is nice and fine i the Communist heaven...
...just another drop of moisture in a hunger-driven torrent...
...This done by millions of him creates a surge, of general prosperity...
...What do you city fellers own ? Nothing but rent receipts...
...To-morrow I will halt the shop serfs and make harangue with them...
...Instantly 'Gal' astonished us afl" by his oounter-volley...
...My farm will pay everything ofT...
...Traveling on a London bus .some months ago, the business manager of the New Leader had his eves drawn to the work of a "sidewalk artist...
...A man and a boy unloading a wagon, or chopping wood, or digging into the turf...
...In recent years Comrade flack helm lived in lea Angeles and has not been an aetwe member of the Party for some time...
...Bolshevti^n has become an International movement because the Bolsheviks try to make others believe* that the Russian way Is the best, the most effective, and the shortest way to Socialism...
...for all things of nature on land, except for the self-acknowledged lord, man...
...What an ugly thought just when I look up at the sky-ceiling and scan a dome wider than a hundred cities, and bluer than the seven seas...
...The office and factory buildings hang over these streams like canyon walls, or rather like fearful totems of a frightening faith...
...This is so elementary that a schoolboy can understand it but the polished gentlemen in control of nations do not grasp it...
...There are phone calls to be answered, packages to be packed, letters to be answered...
...We must take his mere assertion foy this...
...A cable from Berlin to the New York Times Tuesday carries this news: "The 'German Government will brook no delay in putting the eight-hour day in force as far as heavy industy is concerned, declared Herr Brauns, Minister of I.abor, in a letter to the United States SteeL/Trust...
...He has not seen anyone In jail, neither Socialists, nor Socialrevolutionaries, nor Anarchists^ he has not seen the jobless and bread less about which we read in the Russian Bolshevik papers: he has not seen the bread lines: he has not heard a word about the goods famine: he hasn't noticed the opposition movement, neither has he noticed or at least heard, of the growth of the new Bourgeoisie In the cities and the kulak In the villages, though Stalin and Bulkarin constantly speak about them...
...Dictator of the Slave* State of Italy has ordered his servile gang in Jhe United States to "get" some victims as the result of the murder of two Fascists in the Bronx...
...It is vital that our courts do justice...
...Workingmen of America...
...The "big navy" men have their way...
...And Maurer could not find an answer to this question...
...The Trotsky, Zlnoviev group maintain that every trace of Communism in Russia is being abolished, that all thought about the world revolution is given up, that capitalism is growing in Russia and that the Russian Soviet Government in itself is gradually being transformed from a workers government Into a peasant and NEP-man government...
...Not a word of criticism...
...Does he justify it...
...He happened to be "GaT...
...Most of us happen to read everythlna that comes out of Russia, I, for Instance, have not missed a "Pravda" (The Central Organ of the Russian Communist Party) In the last three years...
...between Trotsky, Zlnoviev, Radek and other old Communists and the Stalin and Bucharln group...
...In bis Boston speech he said not a word as to the difference between Socialism and Bolshevism...
...I heard from comrade Maurer an editorial from "The Daily Worker...
...It will tend to make the workers forget the race prejudice which has been used, by their white exploiters to keep them allied to reaction in politics...
...The Fascist Farce QBVIOUSLY, the...
...I went to Comrade Usurer's lecture, not to find out what is really going on in Russia...
...The ge-pe-u (TcheKa) arrest people whatsoever, either fair or unfair...
...After they are found guilty, they are arrested and shot...
...Something there is in a sense of possession, that numbs the nerve and hardens the soul...
...They can simplify matters for the business staff and render important service to us by renewing without waiting for the formal notice that their subscription is about to expire...
...A stand would have to be made, but who was going to take the risk of dismissal...
...Here a barn, there a farmhouse...
...You and your cities of Sodom sin and poison gin are going to hell while us farmer folk keep growing toward God in sun and wind and rain...
...What Is the fight about...
...And this growing danger is even on the Agenda of the all-Russian Communist congress, now in session...
...But the farm is still his...
...How long will you remain powerless in the affairs of government...
...He does not understand the Russian language, nor its psychology...
...There would have been a stay of the execution till the law could be amended so that a higher court could have passed upon the issues...
...Billions For Arms PRESIDENT COOLIDGE has approved a fiveyear naval building program involving a billion dollars expenditure which exceeds the 1916 naval, program when war was a possibility...
...Billions for protecting the trade and investments of the capitalist and banking classes overseas, but let the people in the flooded valley shift as best they can...
...This I know from the Russian Press and literature...
...And the things that comrade Maurer has not seen...
...Thereby hangs a story:— "At the pit where 'Gal' worked a gen.erai tightening up o/ production cose [had taken place...
...But it may be (we are ready to believe anything now) that Comrade Maurer believes together with Stalin that Trotsky, Zlnoviev and their -""»~'— have become "8ocial-l>anocratlc traitors'' (Stalin's own words...
...Texas oil production by great petroleum companies and some* thirty cotton mills are increasing the number of wage workers and the former hostility to large corporations is on the decline...
...It seems that he does...
...Trotsky and Zlnoviev have bitterly denounced the lack of any intellectual freedom la the party...
...Naturally, the Republican Party is invading the South with the invasion ~of big capital...
...If that's all you got to aay, just get off my farm, and atay off...
...Back again in the store, I snatch a moment from orders, bills and telephone calls to puzzle things out a bit...
...The trucks of the train cars clatter rudely through a realm of peace...
...Where, come you flat chested folk telling us waat to do...
...We are certain that if they were asked to choose between the policy of the German Government and the policy of the American Government they would choose the former...
...Comrade Maurer seems to agree with Stalin, though he must know that freedom of press and of speech is denied not only to the bourgeois class In Russia and to the Socialists, but also to the Communists...
...Why does this contrast occur...
...presented a sorry spectacle when he was tied in his own contradictions...
...The others follow the example This lunacy continues till millions are called to the colors to fight over some issue of concern to big property interests but of n5 concern to the toiling masses...
...THE CHATTER BOX rr»HE more I see and experience this career of busi¦*¦ ness, the more I long and dream for forty acres and a Chevrolet...
...We aren't much on fancy dress and silk fixings, but we can keep going six day* a week from dawn to sunset, and go to church on Sunday instead of to the movies...
...Conflicts of course do occua but the workers have their own government and this government settles every conflict quickly and nicely to the satisfaction of the workers...
...His carrlcetures of celebrities nave revealed a genius which is winning the approval of an...
...They are the victims of the most amazing injunction in labor history...
...Grass, trees, fences, poles, roads, hills, cows, brooks...
...but I think it is because 'Gal' has not lost the common touch that we love him better...
...This was the attitude of all those with the power to intervene...
...During the World War we were told that the Germans were fighting for "autocracy" and the Americans "democracy...
...a silver lining and every dog has his day...
...An invitation by President Coolidge to the coqxjrations to meet the unions in conference is rejected by most of the mme owners and Coolidge lets the matter rest there...
...The case is about the weakest ever staged in—New York but friends of the accused men will not relax their efforts till they are acquitted and retura to their homes...
...There are starving and evicted miners in western Pennsylvania who fought in the World War...
...In simple words, the politicians see to it that* the farmer get* back enough money through government and public extortion to pay back the private money lenders what is due them, and what they never could collect otherwise...
...r All of which is sound, but it comes too late to be of service to Sacco and Vanzetti...
...I figger that will fetch me one of them new Fords, and pay off the radio, and some back taxes, mebee...
...Maurer admitted, of course, that there is no such thing as freedom of the press or of speech, or assembly, or of organisation...
...file Republican Party will bring the workers of the ..South nothing and the Democratic Party will, as it joes fiow in North Carolina, hire out in service to industrial capitalism A two-party alliance of capitalism will then range throughout the country and "^nly the blind will 1« unable to understand its sig, *S«8Ce...
...We have not the slightest doubt in the world that if the life of one of the ruling clique in Massachusetts had been at stake and the trial judge had been charged with the offenses that were charged against Judge Thayer there would have been no execution...
...My letter is intended only to draw his attention to this fact...
...The Socialist Party shows the way...
...The multitude of men and women rush by, to and from work...
...Peace for the season...
...Mortgages, past due notes at the bank, unpaid installments on cars and radios, bankruptcy from year to year, forced to sell his produce below cost, pawning his next year's crop to pay last year's losses, contenting himself with shoddy and drab indulgences, he staggers from season to season in a rut of struggle, a toiled-drilled beast, blindered to side roads, reined and tethered to an eternal drudgery...
...The funeral took place on Tuesday, December 13th in the Funeral parlor at Wta street and Amsterdam avenue...
...As a matter of fact this program is provocative and will lead to an expansion of naval building abroad...
...Harold Neal, chairman of the Ilkeston Labor Party, was one of "Gal's" workmates .and writes interestingly of his pit days:— "Often during the brief 'snaptime' 'Gal' entertained us with drawings of celebrities In public life, with a wagon, a 'gate-end-plate,' or a ventilation door as his canvass...
...And comrade Maurer did not find a word of condemnation or protest against this Bolshevik justice...
...They are all the more ready to fight when there is competition between each to accumulate more arms than any other one...
...The so-called "statesmen" have learned ndthing new and have not forgotten anything old...
...And will they have mora of reason to offer me in their replies...
...Through the courtesy of the British New Leader, we will print a number of "Gal's" drawings...
...Congress will pass a farmers' Relief BUI at the next session...
...I read the newspapers, out'I also read the Good Book to help me reckon things out, I take counsel with the preacher and with God...
...Go back to your alleys, your Socialism and your forrin propaganda...
...It is significant of the outlook of Coolidge that he approves this bilion-dollar program for destruction but has disappointed the expectations of millions of people in the matter of recovering the devastated areas in the Mississippi Valley and building against a return of another flood disaster...
...All this is apparent from the trial of Greco and Carillo...
...Even if he is right, his decisions may be challenged, especially in a time of public exciteTntnt and there is no tribunal to establish the fact that he"is right...
...The stupidity of all this is evident from the fact that the relative strength of the powers can be maintained by a general scaling down of the amy...
...We're men as God meant men to be...
...even the same Jokes...
...Then we will have a "war to end war," another peace of desolation, more armaments, and thus repeat a vicious circle...
...Claiming to have been a witness of the murders, Rocco dramatically pointed to Carillo as being one of the men who committed the crime...
...Southern Capitalism 'J'HE increasing industrial development of the South has expanded to the Southwest as far as Texas with the rise of a new economic interest that will rule this whole section...
...But if comrade Maurer doe* oat identify s»*ta Democracy with betrayal and Trotsky with the Social-Democrats, he may profit by hearing what Trotsky has to say about the present conditions in Russia...
...A. deWitt...
...Everything is good, fine and satisfactory...
...The same language, same style, the same justifications of everything...
...of each...
...While the "Dally Worker" is legally published in United States, Trotsky and Zlnoviev, the first commander of the Red Army and the father of the Communist International, cannot legally publish their platform in Russia...
...Unfortunately for the "star witness," on the day of the murder he had given to the police a description of £he alleged murderer...
...This p-irlier statement was so in conflict with his identification of Or- C in co"rt that Rocco...
...This very issue was raised in the Sacco-Vanzetti case...
...One of the most powerful corporations in Germany is compelled to live up to its agreement with the workers because the latter have political power to protect their unions- The German Government will not permit a lockout...
...What a disappointment...
...New Leader Mail Bag I happened to be in Busiest when enwirade James Maurer lectured on "Conditions lb Russia" Comrade Maurer Is a member of the Socialist Pasty, so am L It was, therefore natural that, I. together with other comrades who happened to be born in Russia should be Interested to bear what comrade Maurer bad to say...
...North Carolina...
...Me : were transferred to work of a more skilled character without any Increase in wages...
...Sometimes we laughed at the art, sometimes we laughed at the artist, whenever an attempt was made to persuade him to make a career with his pencil it was met with the modest reply, I have a lot to learn yet.' "He was a close friend of George Bissil, the miner artist, whose work *j»s reviewed by John Starchy some time ago...
...Everyone knows about it...
...Another Communist, and erstwhile member of the Central Executive of the party, Smllga, complains in (Pravda, November 2.) "you promise a seven-hour day while the eight-hour day still remains on paper only...
...Anybody will do so long as they are opposed to the slave regime in Italy...
...The business class is eagerly seeking new industries and wooing more capital for investment...
...it is afso vital that the people know that they do justice...
...He contented himself with repeating what Stalin told him that "It Is alright, it is necessary for the preservation of the Soviet Government...
...A huge steel trust threatened to lock out 250,000 workers on Januaf^ 1 rather than keep an agreemnt signed last July to inaugurate an eight-hour day...
...In still plainer language, the bankers see to it that the rest of the country pays back to them what the farmer cannot pay...
...I'll take no city saas like that from you, sir...
...I am caught up in it...
...This is especially true of Mary|fland...
...I get up enough gumption to preach to him the gospel of a cooperative commonwealth...
...Socialism, huh, that's plain slavery * » • slaving for a lot of politicians, that's what it is...
...Now and then one of them rises to rock the boat...
...Russian Freedom It should not have been hard for comrade Maurer to learn that there is freedom in Russia only for the ruling Stalin clique...
...You smart folk go to schools where God's image is insulted* You learn that the likes of me and you came from monkeys...
...I am not denying I have debts and such...
Vol. 4 • December 1927 • No. 26
