PEASANTS OF RUSSIA REFUSE TO ACCEPT COMMUNISM, CAHAN SAYS
Cahan, Abraham
Peasants of Russia Refuse to Accept Communism, Cahan Says City Workers Feel They Are the New Aristocracy And Would Defend Government to the End By Abraham Cahan (This Is the second of a series...
...Socialism is magnanimous...
...It may be argued that it is all a question of idealism or realism, of theory asd practice...
...The result of the former is wars...
...Help b needed badly...
...Business to affected and business, say the judges, to property...
...The injunction to made to strike and to strike to kill If necessary...
...He works only eight hours a day while we peasants toil eighteen hours...
...Hence, the fundamental theory of Socialism Is sound...
...The proletariat constitutes the new aristocracy...
...Everyone marches to the same tune...
...And capitalism is not interested In making society better...
...Some states tried to pass laws forbid' ding their Judges from issuing Injunctions In labor disputes but the United States Supreme Court eradicated such heresy...
...Young Socialists Collecting Clothes, Food for the Miners The Young People's Socialist League of New York is now collecting food, clothing and money for the relief of the striking miners in the states of Colorado, West Virginia and Pennsylvania...
...Even in the case of exceptional minds—of genius itself—this still holds true...
...It to Intended to further Justice where the written law with its lack of clairvoyance falls short...
...When one says Government one has in mind the Communist party as well as the official administration...
...followed by a proletarian avuvenupent...
...The newspapers are full of articles to the effect that the proletariat is the creator of all wealth...
...Professional pugilists, channel-swimmers, sensational divorcees—these can—and do —become rich with- breath-taking ease, the Inherent arbitrariness of the existing system tending unconscionably to that end...
...207 up-and-coming Americans have each an annual income of a million dollars or over...
...It certainly cannot be successfully maintained that the ability to accumulate wealth is a necessary concomitant of the ability to garner wisdom...
...Is there no limit to mortal gullibility...
...there b no other kind of intellectual nourishment...
...RortalHrn beheves In mutual co-operation for the benefit of all...
...We farmers are ever so much more numerous than the factory workers, yet we are longed down upon...
...One per cent of the people pays ninety-five per cent of the Income tax—while eighty-two per cent do not make enough to pay any income tax at ail...
...The man In the* street cares nothing about such abstruse matters...
...The Pravda is the leading organ of the party, and Isveatla Is the chief organ of the government...
...Only a small minority of the workers are really satisfied—the aristocracy, so to speak, of labor—metallurgical workers, electricians and skilled mechanics As for the rest, their economic lot Is by no means enviable, though they are conscious of the fact that the government Is doing everything possible for them...
...However, since it is a truism that man needs to be reminded more than he needs to be informed, we will devote a little time to considering that phase of the matter...
...Socialism regards labor as life...
...The Federal Courts began to grant Injunctions In labor disputes in 1891...
...The attempts to lightly dismiss Socialism a« a Utopian dream, a vagary characteristic of adolescent minds, are so ludlcruous that one hesitates seriously to refute them...
...Federal or 8tate, if passed, would escape the demolishing blows of the United States Supreme Court nobody can say with assurance...
...Produce...
...The Intellectual food of the Russian masses is dished out by the government authorities...
...Is it for this that the overwhelming majority suffers hell on earth...
...For no matter how talented one is, be his contribution to progress ever so great, the fact still remains that he is obligated to society, since without the advantages afforded by the corporate whole his genius would be futile...
...The most important feature of the plan Is a system of village cooperatives...
...The question Is often asked: Conceding the faults of capitalism, have we the collective intelligence to administer the affairs of society for the common good instead of for private profit...
...But since practice is ever an approximate projection of theory the relation cannot be denied...
...Russia is absolutely cut off fronr-tije reet of the world, and there is no- wayto team what Is going on In Russia or the rest of the world except through Pravda...
...That Socialism is still regarded as a chimera is due to man's egregious capacity for assimilating bunk...
...What is the remedy...
...The unions issue thenown newspapers...
...the affairs of society are now administered, far too much Importance is attached- to the possession of money— or what amounts to the same thing— its manipulation and control...
...On every occasion I heard the complaint...
...Everyone attends to his own little affairs...
...It is not primarily a question of aggregate intelligence, but of competent leadership, of capable guidance and coordination of the whole...
...Yet the peasants have reason enough to be dissatisfied with conditions under the present regime...
...Involving or growing out of, a dispute concerning terms or conditions of employment, unless necessary to prevent irreparable Injury to property, or to a property right, of the party making the application, tor which injury there to no remedy at law," and many "and so forth...
...But the new-fangled Ideas aren't so very good after all...
...And) since money represents power, the menace is that In the hands of its ignorant possessors it may be used to further short-sighted schemes and 111Hdapted measures whose ultimate result may well be detrimental to the welfare bf mankind...
...but unless they function in harmony with the dictates of conscience and with a just regard for the welfare of the other fellow the result Is bound to be what it is today...
...Everyone moves in his own circumscribed sphere, and yet almost intuitively everyone in Russia Is aware that he is living in a sort of intellectual and spiritual prison...
...If you think so, just consider any organized system In operation today...
...Under sach rale its possession would become oner—¦ Enterprises employing labor wosJd erase, and...
...Millions of people throughout Russia think only what Pravda tells them to think...
...The bright Judges and lawyers made the law mean what they wanted and Injunctions have multiplied under the beneflcient influence of the Clayton Act...
...Is there any possibility that the employers will surrender an Instrument of warfare because of the concentration of trade union leaders under one roof or the delivery of eighteenth century speeches about liberty or the thumbing of noses at one political candidate rather than another...
...Capitalism regards labor power as a commodity...
...Said the former ki dissenting from the majority view In Truax versus Corriaan: ' Practically every change in the law governing the relation of employer and employee mast bridge, in some respects, the liberty or property of one of the parties—IF LIBERTY AND PROPERTY BE MEASURED BY THE STANDARD OF THE LAW THERETOFORE PREVAILING.'' (Capitals ours...
...Specifically and categorically the differences are as follows: Capitalism is chauvinistic...
...The gist of the matter to that the courts feel that obstreperous workers are not conducive to profits...
...Every once In a while one hears a remark like this, "Why, it's all for the city worker, anyhow...
...In 1921 the Arizona statute of 1913 was declared to be unconstitutional In Truax versus Corrtgan on the ground that the Fourteenth Amendment to the constitution provides that no "State shall deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law...
...Socialism would save the children from the maw 'of Greed...
...A Judicial officer who listens to pleas for a writ of Injunction to said to sit In a court of equity...
...But again, I emphasise the fact that all these papers are essentially government organs...
...Under Socialism the drones must either produce or be eliminated...
...Once a member of the Communist ranks, my boy will get a steady job...
...Coeur d'Alene Consolidated & Mining Co...
...Capitalism naively subsidizes organized education...
...Russell whose views on the subject are revolutionary, has not only endorsed every one of Judge Ben Lindsey's conclusions on "what Is wrong" with conventional marriage, but even goes beyond the noted Denver jurist in his advocacy of certain reforms...
...Capitalism being exclusively interested in private profit Is not concerned in proportioning the number of jobs to the number of applicants—obviously the reverse, since the more applicants there are in excess of jobs, the lower the scale of wages...
...Not only the editorial policy but 'even the various news features are syndicated to the local sheets...
...Now, it is tenable t» argue that the relationship between the Individual and society is a reciprocal one...
...The governing group is trying to create the impression that it is the proletariat that rules the country, that it is the workers themselves who are planning and building the Socialist commonwealth...
...Poor Boy-President" Hokum Viewed from the vantage ground of the present, and in the light of recent events, applied Socialism seems rather remote—a phenomenon due in part to the fact that our national resources still 'hold out, and to the craftily nurtured illusion that the bootblack may in time become President, that the poor man may eventually become rich...
...A capitalistic dictum which is possibly true in its Individual significance, but utterly spurious in its relation to the mass...
...Capitalism Is for law (as enacted by Itself...
...Everybody gets his job from the same source, and from the identical source are received one's ideas...
...It Is somewhat different with the peasants...
...least provocation...
...However, it would be unfair to suppose that •very thoughtful Individual believes every word be reads tat Pravda...
...The retardation of Socialism is explicable on the basis of Herbert Spencer's observation: "The worse the condition of society, the more visionary must a true code of ethics appear...
...There la no future for him as a handy man on my farm...
...Making due allowance for the fact that wise man readjusts his opinions in the light of newly discovered evidence, it still remains that since capitalism appeals to nothing so mush as to a man's cupidity such a reversal of ^ntlment cannot escape wsnlclon...
...But to do so he must first have emigrated from his native land, taking with him the culture and tradition of his surroundings...
...If there is any reason for Independent political action of labor the history of Injunctions supplies It...
...Capitalism believes in the subsistence minimum...
...Casey versus Cincinnati Typographical Union...
...Instead of activity and plenty, idleness and wmnt wnaM frJLn— " Half-Hearted Cures Tried Naturally legislative attempts were made to remedy the injunction evil...
...No explanations that the humor is not being appreciated, that the inconvenience is not funny, that the Joke has gone too far will be taken into account...
...Nor is it exclusively a matter of Intelligence, since even the most unscrupulous minds may have that...
...Not one of them but Is a sworn enemy of monorchism Besides, the question of the monarchy is no longer a living Issue in Russia...
...This is to impress the masses that Communism Is being introduced according to the teachings of Karl Marx—a proletarian revok^on...
...Judge Brandels and Judge Holmes, for example, have let their logic Justify the trade union contentions...
...The leading spirits of Industry, the organisers and planners, -re technicians and specialists who do not belong directly to the proletariat...
...1 Which will you have...
...The walk-out collapsed...
...It wauld be worked by such laborers daring sach hoars, at such wages and ssjch regnlsttiu, as the laborers themselves might direct...
...The decision legalized the modern "blanket injunction...
...Bertrand Russell's contribution to -he subject of companionate marriage," Richard Rohman of the American Pubic Forum announced yesterday, "is noted 'or its frankness, clarity and extreme intellectual courage...
...Today the common soldier is well treated: he Is given decent food, his quarters are comfortable, and after duty men and officers are allowed to mingle...
...Send your contributions Immediately To delay Is to prolong the suffering of these brave miners, their wives and their children...
...I asked him why, in view of his opinion, he permitted his son to be a KomsomoL His reply was characteristic...
...With such inspiring examples before It, it to easy to understand how the United States Government went Into the courts In the Pullman strike in 1894, secured Injunction after Injunction in different parts of the country and quelled the workers...
...Surely it is not at all necessary that every man on an ocean liner be a skilled navigator...
...He was anxious to join them and I did not stop him...
...It is also seriously to be questioned if the introduction of such a system would minimise the lnstict for private property which seems to be so deeply Implanted in the heart of every peasant...
...The writ to supposed to grant immediate relief where there to an irreparable InJury to property pending or Impending...
...The dallies in all the Important cities contain the same articles as Pravda...
...Is it not significant that in spite oi all the optimism that is preached and printed, in spite of all the marvelous inventions and increased productivity, mankind Is, by and large, no happier than before...
...Lemon, who had not been directly restrained by an Injunction although he had had knowledge of same...
...It would almost appear as if every Inhabitant of Russia was dressed in a tightly buttoned uniform, as If he lived and breathed by permission of the Soviet authorities...
...The first feature arises from the emergency nature of the injunction...
...Socialism would Inspire love...
...Most of them, it must be confessed, have little hope of Improving their condition...
...Captains of Humanity Is this conclusion tenable...
...Since then, of course, the instances of the application of the injunction to disputes between capital and labor have been Innumerable...
...Arguments against the Injunction can be found with ease, if one to disposed to seek them...
...I have heard these ideas expressed in many different ways and from hundreds of people all over Russia, from the hps of illiterates as well as from highly cultured persons...
...case tat British legal annate and the subsequent disapproval of the rule told down in that decision, a Massachusetts Court ettod this exceptional Instance In 1888 In Sherry versus Perkins In restraining the listers' Protective Union of Lynn, Mass., from displaying banners which might annoy prospective employees and customers...
...This is a very interesting and Important matter and I shall discuss it at length in a forthcoming article...
...Brains are a prerequisite, of course...
...This should not be interpreted to mean that they moyuar Czar Nicholas...
...But they are doing some bad things, those Communists...
...versus Riley upon the basis of whieh an Injunction was granted In 1800 was reversed by the Court of Appeals in 1873 in Prudential Assurance Co...
...Produce...
...Yet all that could be suggested by these four hundred officials gathered from all parts of the country for this special occasion was more non-partisan political action...
...The government Is now engaged in working out a comprehensive, far-reaching plan for the improvement of the condition of the peasantry...
...Further, when a man betrays a tendency to measure life by his own puny yardstick rather than by the collective rule It Is safe to assume that self interest and not philosophy motivates his actions...
...Recently when government leaders raised a war-scare, a number of otherwise Intelligent citizens were under the Inum—sin that there was a British army .^?n.ny at the Russian border...
...All of these expressions 'I heard, and a dozen similar ones...
...Ruth Hale...
...There are any number of people who believe that if the cooperatives should Increase the peasants' income they will at the same time strengthen 'his respect for private property...
...The legal reasoning that has justified the writ hinges upon the concept of private property...
...Later his Chancellor took charge of the king's conscience and as cases multiplied it was diffused among courts of chancery...
...Indeed, it is quite feasible for the unintelligent to rapidly acquire vast sums of money...
...Peasants of Russia Refuse to Accept Communism, Cahan Says City Workers Feel They Are the New Aristocracy And Would Defend Government to the End By Abraham Cahan (This Is the second of a series of three article* by Mr...
...I shall quote some characteristic remarks made In my presence by Russian peasants: "Yes...
...It Is a case of either reading the government organs or not reading at all...
...Fundamentally, the difference between those who favor Socialism and those who oppose it Is due to an attiude, a manner of regarding life...
...The Pullman Case and Before In spite of the uniqueness of the Springhead Spinning Co...
...Socialism equally emphasizes the importance of brains and character...
...Whereas, the Socialist thinks in terms of humanity...
...Send food (canned or boxed), clothing (any kind) and money to the Young People's Socialist League, 7 East 15th Street, Room 5*5 or to Use local branches of the League...
...Military Training Accepted Compulsory military service Is no longer dreaded by the young peasant as it used to be In the bad old days...
...And all this goes on while legitimate talent is ruthlessly exploited, Its reward being not infrequently in inverse ratio to its communal worth...
...President of the Lucy Stone League, will make the Introductory u! dress...
...There is no outlook for the morrow", or "There's very little prospect of change In the near fuutre", "No use striving, either in a material or In a spiritual sense...
...The A.B.C...
...Judge Is The Jury The characteristic virtues of the writ of Injunction are two In number: 1. It is tossed by a Judge...
...So long as the beneflcaries of the present system can convince the majority that Socialism is a menace to our gr-r-reat and glor-r-lous ideals, that it stands for the summary abolition of all private property—the absolute and indiscriminate communlzatlon of everything from tooth-brushes to wives, so long as It can hoodwink the mass of mankind as they are being multifarious1.'/ hoodwinked today, Socialism must indeed remain "a Utopian dream", a fantasy conjured up by "Immature minds...
...Not Infrequently the above query carries with it the preordained conclusion that we have not the collective intelligence, hence Socialism is impracticable...
...Independent Thinkers Are Few Of course there are many intelligent people who insist on thinking for themselves, but they know very little of what Is happening outside...
...It is all a matter of social views of judges and politically active voters...
...For decades the trade unions have been wriggling to escape the tightening grip of the courts, they have suffered the delusions of friendly legislation, they have proven to their own satisfaction that they are right...
...Soviet Russia has been in existence for ten years: while the Czarlst regime came to an end many months before that...
...Even at this crisis in the trade union movement of the United States labor leaders have not yet been Jolted out of their beaten mental tracks...
...One does not kill a goose that lays golden eggs—at least, hot Intentionally— which is quite another matter...
...One cannot, however, overlook the fact that the ruling group pays much attention to the problems and needs of the workers, and the workers appreciate It...
...Thousands are now starving...
...The city worker gets unemployment and health Insurance, but not the peasant...
...The trade unions stand now where the British workers, found themselves after the Taff Vale decision in 1906...
...Produce...
...Labor does the same...
...However, this right-about-face is apt to reflect on the character of the proselytes more than It does on Socialism...
...Until mankind exercised Its collective reason in its own behalf, until the disinherited and deprived of earth make an intelligent, unified effort to proportion supply to demand and make reward coincide with merit, the present instability Of men and money must Inevitably obtain...
...Capitalism is selfish...
...Socialism seeks to Inculcate a belief In the attainable glories of life...
...The advocate of capitalism seeks to «togate to himself much that he is not entitled to...
...It Is sophistry to try to maintain that Importance of the parts transcends that of the whole...
...Socialism believes In paying a worker what he Is worth...
...So it Is...
...Capitalism racks the bodies of little children in its mines and mills even white Its hired -nen preach: "Suffer little children to come unto me...
...Education seeks to inculcate a belief In the glories of Capitalism...
...It Is a question of minds and motives, and on this issue the advocates of Socialism and the defenders of capitalism are diametrically at variance...
...Some of the leading articles are promptly radioed from Moscow, or they are reprinted several days later...
...supposedly the writ of injunction as applied in labor cases has its origin, as the rest of American law...
...But the part which the workers piny in rovernment is more ceremonial than actual...
...It dictates everyone's views...
...The famous Taff Vale decision of 1006 against the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants gave Immense Impetus to the British Labour Party and led to the passage of a Trade Dispute Act In Parliament which freed the unions from the Injunction menace...
...It is also true that the beneficial results of such cooperatives can not become apparent for many years to come...
...The principle in Springhead Spinning Co...
...A rail-splitter became President, Al Smith is now Governor, and wasn't Henry Ford once a poor mart...
...Produce...
...After all, in a country whose motto Is "E pluribus unum...
...In time he will become a somebody...
...Socialism is scientific...
...Pravda to the most widely circulated and most important daily in Russia...
...The struggle will be a long and bitter one but whatever permanent gains labor can make must come through the threats of its own political party...
...Produce...
...That's bad, very bad...
...At the moment I will say that there are any number of difficulties to be overcome before the contemplated village cooperatives can be made to function property...
...Among other provisions was one forbidding Federal Judges from granting injunctions "in any* case between an employer and employees, or between persons employed and persons seeking employment...
...Contrary to popular belief only two Injunctions in labor disputes have ever been granted by the English courts and both have been reversed by higher authorities...
...Every friend reading this notice should recall the slaughter of men, women, and children in Colorado, the brutal intimidation of miners In West Virginia and the ruthless wage cutting policies of the coal barons* in Pennsylvania...
...Russell Will Talk on 'Companionate Marriage" in N. Y. December 3rd For the first time In New York the subject of "Companionate Marriage" will oe discussed from a public platform from the point of view of an advocate when Bertrand Russell, the noted English philosopher, speaks at Mecca Temple, Saturday evening, December 3rd, under the auspices of the American Public Forum...
...I am not inventing this...
...It Is conceivable that Shakespeare might have written magnificently among savages on a desert island...
...Workers' organisations are treated as an integral part of the machinery of government...
...The following year the country was shocked by the injunction granted by Judge Beatty in Idaho In the Coeur d'Alene disturbances...
...Congress put in some Innocuous sections in the Clayton Anti-trust law of 1914 to the unrestrained glee of Samuel Qompers and other labor leaders...
...Always we hear that clarion cry...
...versus Miners' Union...
...When one is not a Communist it is practically impossible to rise in the community...
...The Intention to not to trip up the unions In the manner of the practical Joker...
...However, it goes without saying that such people are few In comparison with the great mass of unthinking, uncritical citizens, who believe what they read because they have no means of reading anything else...
...a Spots, or technician, not a worker...
...Capitalism believes in the exploitation of the many for the benefit of the few...
...They are attacking our holy religion...
...Are we to continue Indefinitely to console ourselves with the empty promise of heaver) when we die...
...This is' not the crux of the problem, however...
...Cahan, Editor of the Daily Forward, who has just returned from Russia after a six months trip...
...In that year a union was restrained from boycotting a newspaper which refused to unionize Its office...
...And what is Its result—what have the producers got to show for their increased effort...
...What is even more to the point, they aren't In the least Interested In it" This was the Impression I got from the Russian peasantry everywhere...
...versus Knott...
...A Note on Socialism The Alternative Capitalism Offers By James Lawlor fAFITAI, multiplies indiscriminately...
...With the esM weather coming relief to imperative if they are to live out this winter...
...In English Jurisprudence...
...Leaders of Thought Are Socialists That Socialism numbers among Its ardent advocates the elite of the modem intellectual world Is certainly not without its significance: George Bernard Shaw, Bertrand Russell, H. G. Wells, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Romalne Rolland, Morris Hlllquit, Scott Nearing, Upton Sinclair, Thorsteln Veblen—besides the illustrious dead, Anatole France and Jack London—surely these names are sufficient to refute the absurd claim that Socialism Is but a vagary of immature minds...
...Among the villagers with whom I talked I found very little warm sympathy for the Bolsheviks...
...What guarantee there Is that any antiinjunction law...
...Capitalism excites hatred...
...But always the former Is indebted to the latter...
...and of the latter, Insufficient wages...
...Z. Its violators are punishable by that Judge for contempt of Court without the right of Jury trial...
...Papers Are CommunistControlled It Is generally known that the press In Russia is controlled by the government and that the only newspapers printed are government papers...
...Originally the injunction was granted by the king, when his conscience prompted him to forbid acts for the sake of equity...
...For the leaders of the party are the government and also the real bosses of the labor unions...
...This is an axiom almost entirely overlooped in the unrestrained Individualism of today...
...Socialism is for Impartial equity...
...Produce...
...Having granted equitable relief through a restraining order the judge may punish for contempt of court those who defy his conscience-made law...
...Some trade union leaders still Imagine that a plea for fair play will bring the corporations to the senses which they have never lost...
...Are we to docilely acquiesce In all the hifalutin hokum of hope deferred...
...But they have not exercised their concentrated political power—not to speak of economics...
...Socialism believes in the Brotherhood of Man...
...Moat Workers Dissatisfied All of this has really nothing to do with the question whether the Russian \»jrker is content with his lot...
...For which father exercises any authority over bis son nowadays...
...The editorial views expressed by Pravda are echoed by local papers throughout Russia...
...They lack faith in Socialism...
...Under capitalism it is quite feasible for drones to wax fat and lusty while workers pine and starve...
...Debs and his associates, as we know, went to jail...
...The younger generation hardly remembers the old days of Czarist Russia and is not inclined to be concerned with that subject...
...pHK workers feel that Russia Is theirs...
...Under'he Czar the common soldier was mistreated in the most shameful way, was pummelled and abused on the...
...workers of Russia and of the ' vote world know that the real rulers / le head as well as the iron fist of Soviet Aussia, are Stalin...
...Therefore It makes no difference whatever what kind of paper it Is, whether published by the Communist party, by the government or by the labor unions...
...All of them are controlled by the identical group of men...
...What does the history of Injunctions In labor disputes In the United States prophesy...
...With the help of these the government hopes to bring about vast improvement in the management of the farms...
...If there can be captains of industry and finance under capitalism there can be captains of humanity under Socialism...
...Our 207 Millionaires Well, according to the Government's own figures...
...of Injunctions End of Evil Will Come With a Labor Party By Louis Stanley TPHE ravaging Injunction against the United Mine Workers of America in the Pittsburgh and West Virginia coal fields and the bold attempt of the Inter bo rough Rapid Transit Company of New York to restrain the whole American Federation of Labor made the national conference of the trade union leaders at Pittsburgh a 1 Ife-and-death matter for organized labor...
...Many of them doubt the feasibility of communism...
...Also springing from the railroad disturbances of the 1890'9 was the case In 1897 involving one...
...In this connection it has been pointed out that not a few young Socialists have become older exponents of capitalism...
...Nor, for that matter, can it be denied that the workers are participating in the upbuilding of Russia not only through their labor but by taking part in actual government...
...TeU me, is this justice...
...the Czars were bad leaders and it is a good thing that the country Is rid of them...
...Regarddless of one's >wn position on the marital question, it s conceded at once that years of deep ttudy and analysis have been spent beore Mr...
...In 1893 Judge Ricks, our own William Howard Taft and Jenkins Issued writs against railroad workers...
...Even when articles are written especially for the provincial papers they are almost an exact copy of the leading articles In Pravda...
...There's no perspective here," or "We have no future...
...The Injunction has not been employed for slap-stick comedy effects...
...The fact Is readily admitted...
...Obviously, much of the clamor against Socialism emanates from a partisan source, a detached, philosophical attitude being exremely difficult where private profit Is involved...
...Joins Communists to Get Ahead These words were spoken In my presence by a peasant in one of the villages of the province of Pskov, but similar complaints were voiced by peasants in other parts of the country as well...
...The peasant is grateful to the government for all it has done for him— the distribution of land, as well as other winds of assistance...
...But aren't we also tollers...
...Bukharin and Ryfcoff, three members of the intelligentsia Who have never done any manual labor...
...On the contrary, the attitude of such people b rather critical...
...Carried to their logical conclusion, the owner of property wauld lose Its control and management...
...What Is more, he must revert to this original environment in order to find that appreciation without which the fruits of his extraordinary ability would be as wind along the waste...
...The official director of every factory is a worker, a Communist, of course...
...I am not referring to Communists, who are few in number in the villages...
...the real boss is usually one of his assistants...
...Pravda is literally a newspaper for the whole Russian population...
...Who are the beneficiaries of this augmented industry, this "unprecedented prosperity...
...This is typical of the lot: "The unrestrained execution of the designs (of the Coeur d'Alene strikers) which It wools seem from the record In this ease the defendants entertain, woaM result anfertonateiy (for whom...
...The peasant has a son who Is a Komsomouets (member of the Young Workers' Party and prospective member of the Communist Party...
...The Communists control everything...
...Russell formulated his position...
...That it loses much of its integrity in practice is due to the conflicting Interpretations of Its own advocates and the subtle opposition of the status quo...
...Capitalism idolizes the former and disdains the latter...
...Is mankind to be interminably bamboozled by plutocrats and politicians and their subsidized hirelings of the platform, the pulpit, and the press...
...Fundamentally then...
...And In addition the government enables him to secure the rudiments of an education...
...Capitalism is empiric...
...And he would justify this by the theory of the exceptional man...
Vol. 4 • November 1927 • No. 23
