Reports from Correspondents of the New York Times
REPORTS FROM CORRESPONDENTS OF The Nem Book Times. WASHINGTON STATE OF THE UNION January 14—The contrast between President Kennedy's first and third State of the Union messages was startling....
...The Falange manifesto also hailed syndicalism, the Spanish term for grassroots labor organization...
...The U.S...
...Underlying the doctrinal polemics, independent observers here believe, is a real division of the Communist world into, relatively speaking, the "have" and "have-not" groups...
...At least four of the nine sentenced to death had identifiable Jewish names.—S.T...
...We are against any government," the manifesto said, "that would create ways of capitalist expansion and money power at the expense of workers and technicians, leaving them at the mercy of more powerful groups who achieved power swearing observance of the basic laws that protect the workers...
...There were 18 million registered voters...
...A Jewish congregation was worshipping in the main prayer hall of the central synagogue when a brick smashed through a window, interrupting the servA United States church delegation returned from an official guided tour of the Soviet Union and reported it was impressed by the vitality of the Russian Orthodox Church...
...Men of the people and not "members of elites or sects of unknown origin" should be in charge of Spain's economic affairs, the Falangist organ declared...
...Enough surplus food will be shipped in to feed four million needy Algerians daily...
...This ambivalent attitude, expressed in a constitution that combines formal toleration of religion with encouragement to struggle against it, has been reflected in a series of recent events in Moscow...
...This was a clear allusion to Opus Dei, a Roman Catholic secular institute to which many of this country's ruling "technocrats" are known to belong...
...There has been visible progress at home and abroad...
...One international Jewish survey reports that in past months about 60 per cent of the defendants in publicized cases of economic crimes who have been sentenced to death have been Jews...
...This is a typical answer to a question as to how he and his co-religionists are faring under Soviet rule...
...the National Bank of Economic Development, which is Brazil's principal agency for channeling Alliance for Progress funds...
...Such works as his recent Twelfth Symphony and music composed during the Stalin era, which were well reviewed by Soviet critics, have been criticized abroad as propagandistic and below the standard of his brilliant early compositions...
...This rivalry appears to have become fiercer recently as Falange activists resorted to violent language in their attacks against what they described as a ruling oligarchy of technocrats and financiers...
...Revisionists "never have a single word to say about the need, in the transition from capitalism to Socialism, for making a revolution that will smash the bourgeois state machine and replace bourgeois dictatorship with proletarian dictatorship...
...It accuses the Chinese of attempting to recruit supporters in this country...
...Treasury loan, designed to keep essential imports coming to Brazil, was officially announced...
...It is here that the Soviet State has come into violent conflict with the evangeücal Christian sects such as the Pentccostalists...
...There is now great expectation in Brazil at what Goulart will do with his victory...
...In their view—which seems to match Chinese Communist thinking—the critical struggle of this epoch is between "imperialism" and the exploited peoples of present and former colonial regions...
...Hutchins concluded by arguing that the First Amendment was not intended as a fence or wall around a vacant lot, and if the idea of a wall is "taken literally, it is arbitrary and unreasonable, pretending to separate things that are not in all respects separable " He said it hampered the search for a national idea of education and a national program to carry it out, and this we need above everything else.—Austin C. Wehrwein RIO DE JANEIRO GOULART'S VICTORY January 8—President Joao Goularfs impressive victory in Brazil's national plebiscite confronts the 44 - year - old leader with the challenge of his political career...
...For encouraging attitudes of this kind in their congregations, some evangelical leaders have been sentenced to up to five years imprisonment, according to Soviet newspaper reports.—Seymour Topping...
...He said he could only exercise leadership with full powers, and fought Congress to get them...
...food relief effort here into a "food-for-work" program later this year...
...Under this plan, already operating in Tunisia and Morocco...
...Harrison E. Salisbury CHICAGO CHURCH—STATE January 9—Robert M. Hutchins said today that the "wall of separation" between church and state in education had no future...
...The correspondence, which the spokesman said would be incorporated in a book to be published by Penguin in a few months, began during the Cuban crisis and continued through the IndianChinese conflict...
...Shostakovich has alternately pleased and dismayed Party leaders with his music over the past quarter of a century...
...spokesman declined to discuss the negotiations, saying: "We are seeking to be constructive but no firm agreements have been made...
...And he observed that the Supreme Court declined to review the case when New York "helped Fordham University acquire land in Lincoln Center at less than cost...
...This year he seemed sure that it could not only endure but prevail over its problems and its enemies...
...But now," he remarked, "'the winds of change appear to be blowing more strongly than ever and with the tides of human freedom in our favor...
...disclosure of its vices, weaknesses, laws, leading to its ruin and at the same time a sober assessment of its forces including the huge atomic and other military potential...
...Ambassador William J. Porter were both convinced of the value of the plan...
...It said that history would not forgive any leader who in this crucial period failed to recognize that the most important issue was Communist unity...
...The statement argued that world Communism could be achieved through successful economic competition and a variety of other tactics where necessary...
...An example was the Soviet decision to withdraw its missile force from Cuba to avert global conflict...
...Hung Chi also states that "on the question of the fight for world peace and peaceful coexistence," revisionists have "vulgarized Leninism in the extreme...
...A U.S...
...The resignation, which comes during a period of decline and internal strife in Britain's nuclear protest organizations, was announced in a letter to Peace News...
...The threat of thermo-nuclear world war was not and is not a paper tiger either tactically or strategically," the statement said...
...But he was also right in pointing out that more than a million Americans are added to the work force every year, that 4 million Americans are born every year and that despite "the 22 months of uninterrupted economic recovery," unemployment has been at or about five per cent for 61 out of the last 62 months...
...The death sentences were handed down in two cases in which the defendants were charged with economic crimes...
...Technically, Congress has 90 days from election day to amend the Constitution and restore a presidential system, vesting full executive power in Goulart...
...The compromise that was reached in Moscow in November 1960, at the meeting of 81 Communist parties, lasted less than a year...
...A Soviet source said the symphony may be performed here again late next month after some changes are made in its "Babi Yar" verses...
...MONGOLIA January 8—Premier Ymzhagiin Tsedenbal of Outer Mongolia defied Communist China today and gave his unqualified support to the Soviet Union in the ideological quarrel dividing the Communist world...
...his third was full of confidence and optimism...
...The third Earl Russell—to use a title that the 90-year-old philosopher usually ignores—said, "1 am still a believer in mass civil disobedience...
...The major reorganization of top-level government administration that Goulart has promised is considered essential for the success of these negotiations...
...One shouted, "They will shoot us" as they were turned over to the custody of Soviet officials...
...An article and accompanying editorial in Jen Min Jih Pao has described the recovery of a region in Honan Province "after three years of natural calamities...
...The manifesto was entitled "neither fascism nor sect nor exclusivist group...
...While insisting that the Kremlin was pursuing the only correct line in world affairs, Pravda declared Moscow was ready for collective discussions to talk out differences...
...When it was dropped from the Soviet repertoire in 1936, Pravda condemned the opera for its dissonance and lack of melody in an editorial entitled "Confusion Instead of Music...
...as a "paper tiger," which the Chinese Communists hold is supported by Lenin's writings...
...It admits that "open differences" now exists between the Communist Chinese party and "the overwhelming majority of the international Marxist movement...
...Scores of Soviet citizens have been executed on charges of large-scale speculation or misappropriation of state property since capital punishment was instituted for these offenses in 1961...
...Among the major countries of the world, the Soviet Union is believed to have the highest rate of capital punishment...
...This Cabinet will have the task of putting into effect the Three-Year National Development Plan that Goulart has embraced as his program of government...
...The Cuban Communists, apparently backed by the Chinese and most Asian and Latin American parties, measure their encounters with "imperialism" with a whathave-we-to-lose prejudgment...
...As seen by both Algerian and American officials, the object is to get Algeria's jobless peasants off the demoralizing dole and into useful work projects...
...The two-page article was replying to criticism contained in Red Flag, the Chinese Communist theoretical journal, and in Albanian anti-Soviet propaganda...
...The Third, or Communist International, was formed in Moscow after the first World War when the Communists split from the Social Democrats of the Second International...
...Complaint was made that use of the verses in the Thirteenth Symphony would be used by enemies of the Soviet Union to support their contentions that anti-Semitism was prevalent in the country...
...This means that they are virtually excluded from publicly organized social, athletic and other club activities...
...Discussing cooperation between Spain and the other West European countries, the manifesto said: "We don't believe in shameful integration that would impose conditions on us...
...Washington also refuses to provide Brazil with public money to fill the gap created by a withdrawal of private investment as a result of restrictive policies and the hostile climate created by expropriations of American properties...
...He will not risk it all on a peripheral front, such as the Caribbean...
...It particularly deplored government-by-law decrees instead of by legislation discussed in the Cortes, Spain's consultative assembly...
...Moslem peasants, now idle, would receive the food from Algerian authorities as part or complete payment for their labor, thus freeing slender Algerian cash resources for other purposes...
...The real question about the state of the union, which the President implied but did not state explicitly, is not whether progress has been made since he took office but whether the pace of progress is equal to the pace of history...
...It was signed by Luis Gonzalez Vicen, long a Falangist and member of the National Council of the Falange...
...In an allusion to the Chinese Communists, Pravda bitterly complained that the situation of the international Communist movement was analogous to that of the Second International on the eve of its split...
...Premier Khrushchev, conscious of the nuclear threat to "Socialism's" powerful home base, chose to avert a showdown...
...One official estimated that at least 300,000 Algerian heads of family could be employed on a similar basis, though with more emphasis on wheat than cash.—Peter Braestrup NAIROBI SCHOOL INTEGRATION January 13—An educational revolution has taken place here in an atmosphere of tranquility remarkable in white settler Africa, Without fuss or fanfare, Kenya's white primary schools have opened their doors to African and Asian pupils for the first time...
...The verses are drawn from the poems of the liberal, young Soviet poet, Yevgeny Yevtushenko...
...ALGIERS 'FOOD-FOR-WORK' January 11—Negotiations are under way to convert the massive U.S...
...They expect Moscow to fulfill its economic commitments to Cuba and to continue to support revolutionary Communist movements in Latin America...
...On the second day of the count the vote for re-establishment of a full presidential system was 3.5 million against 740,000 for continuance of parliamentary rule...
...Justice Jackson suggests," Hutchins continued, "the wall is really a permeable membrane, and is getting more porous all the time...
...Western observers here have sought to define a practical delineation between Soviet toleration of religion and the Communist party's repression of its manifestations, but the task is a difficult one...
...It was understood, moreover, that the U.S...
...The Common Market would not unify Europe and was a "maneuver of international capitalism" to keep underdeveloped countries tightly controlled, the Falangist document said...
...Hutchins said: "The wall builders on the Court may be accused of misplaced piety...
...Leninism, the first article charges, "is being assailed, distorted and adulterated by modern revisionists more viciously than ever before...
...Moreover, the widely distributed atheist literature of the Communist party states that religion in the Soviet Union must be undercut at the roots by weaning the young away from the churches and what are described as the superstitious beliefs of their parents...
...PEKING ADMITS SHORTAGES January 8—Peking has admitted for the first time that at least some peasants suffered physically from the effect of food shortages when the agricultural output fell steeply throughout Communist China in 1959, 1960 and 1961...
...Prior to the latest cases, the survey identifies at least 47 of the 79 individuals sentenced to death in the Soviet Union since July 1961 as Jews...
...Pravda took issue with Peking's description of the U.S...
...Pravda, the newspaper of the Communist party, demanded that every boy and girl as well as adult Communists become "militant anti-religionists...
...Chinese Communist doctrine contends that nuclear world war would mean the destruction of the Western powers but not the extinction of mankind...
...The President of the Fund for the Republic also declared that he said it was a violation of the First Amendment "to apply pressure, direct or indirect, upon the conscience of any person," and that "distinctions among school children on the basis of their religion, or lack of it, are bound to seem invidious...
...Without such revolution, the publication adds, "all talk about Socialist transformation will be meaningless and state monopoly capitalism will remain capitalism and nothing else...
...These notices have become so routine that they excite little attention here and usually are ignored by the central Soviet news media...
...The U.S...
...The second article is principally a defense of Mao Tse-tung's maxim that "imperialism and all reactionaries are paper tigers...
...This was understood as ? rejection of further liberalization in Spain to win the country's membership in the European Common Market...
...and denounced "those who think they are infallible Marxist-Leninists while in effect pursuing a policy of dogmatism which objectively leads to the unleashing of international conflicts...
...He noted, too, that incidental "aid to religion," if any, had been disregarded in cases and legislation on bus transportation, free textbooks, hospitals, the G.I...
...The Three-Year Plan calls for $1.5 billion in foreign credits and debt postponement...
...Peking is believed to have published the report on Hsinyang with the aim of showing the people that the situation in general has taken an upward turn and that existing difficulties can be overcome...
...It added: "To insist on this thesis would in effect mean to lead matters to the fragmentation of the international Communist movement, to undermine the ideological and organizational principles on which it is built...
...S.T...
...Left-wing opportunism, dogmatism and sectarianism are increasingly emerging as a grave danger in the world Communist movement," Pravda asserted...
...party statement is couched in language more blunt and specific than any previous statements by other parties...
...Informed observers assert that the conflicting sets of policy views have not been reconciled and are not likely to be in the near future...
...LONDON RUSSELL QUITS PEACE GROUP January 10—Bertrand Russell has resigned as president of the Committee of 100, a militant anti-nuclear protest group, to concentrate on his correspondence with world leaders...
...Once again perhaps half the number of those condemned are Jews...
...Speaking of the "wall builders" on the highest bench, Hutchins declared: "Their devotional sentiments might better have been directed to the Constitution, which speaks only of the prohibition of establishment and the exercise of freedom, than to words appearing in what may have been a routine acknowledgement of a complimentary address, words written by a man, however great, who did not take part in the adoption of the First Amendment...
...It is named after Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera, who founded the Falange as a fascist-type movement in 1933...
...A Leftwing nationalist faction has strong footholds in these key agencies...
...Agency for International Development had approved the continuance of the present relief program at least through early May...
...International attention will be attracted to the latest instance of death sentences for economic crimes because of a single highly consistent factor...
...In Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia, two British colonial areas in Africa with an even larger concentration of whites, racially mixed classes are still impossible in 1963.—Robert Conley HONG KONG REVISIONISTS ATTACKED January 6—The new Communist Chinese ideological attack on the Soviet Union is couched in language calculated to irritate the Russians, according to observers here...
...and the Soviet Union...
...Veiled as criticism of "modern revisionism," Hung Chi dissects various statements made by Premier Khrushchev to East European Communist leaders...
...We can't lower the standards you know, old boy" was the usual reaction...
...Two years ago he said: "In each of the principal areas of crisis, the tide of events has been running out and time has not been our friend The news will be worse before it is better We should prepare ourselves for the worst . . ." This year, he turned the simile around...
...The Cuban rejoinder, according to information available here, quotes Lenin in support of a contrary view...
...Hsinyang is one of the poorer graingrowing areas of Central China, but agricultural experts in Hong Kong believe that more remote districts must have been harder hit during the period of agricultural crisis...
...Retorting to the intensified ideological attacks of the Chinese Communists on Moscow, Pravda said that the Left-wing critics were propounding views that served to substantiate that a split already existed...
...The Government there is daily paying some 200,000 workers 50 cents each in cash and 20 cents in wheat, roughly the equivalent of the Tunisian farm labor wage...
...T. WARSAW MOSCOW-HAVANA DISPUTE January 2—A fundamental policy dispute has arisen between the Castro regime and the Soviet Union as a result of the Cuba missile-base crisis, according to competent Communist sources here...
...Western observers in Moscow said that Tsedenbal's speech might jeopardize what remained of the Chinese Communist program of economic aid and technical assistance for Mongolia...
...Reiterating most of the arguments put forward by Peking in a Jen Min Jih Pao editorial on December 31, Hung Chi is scornful of the Russian theory that capitalism can grow peacefully into Socialism...
...As Mr...
...are just "p paper tiger...
...Khrushchev, devoutly backed by his Eastern European allies, is determined to preserve the hard-won achievements of the Bolshevik revolution...
...Some death sentences are published in obscure newspapers that escape Western attention, and some are possibly not publicized...
...If the revised version of the sympony is approved, this might mean that Moscow would sanction its performance abroad...
...Bill of Rights, school lunches, the National Defense Education Act, and scholarships and fellowships awarded by public agencies, some of which are granted to theological schools...
...Soviet Jews privately have reported that this special identification has tended to isolate them in their communities and make them vulnerable to anti-Semitism stemming from the publicity given to cases of economic crimes involving Jews...
...The vote on January 6 overwhelmingly repudiated the 16-month old parliamentary system of government designed to curb the President's powers...
...What the President did was to try to strike a balance between the two: to give a good account of the progress of the past two years, but to argue for even greater exertions to meet the problems of the next two...
...Black-robed bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church exchanged toasts with Soviet leaders at a Kremlin New Year reception...
...The Pravda article reaffirmed the adherence of the Soviet party to the policy of peaceful coexistence and the renunciation of a nuclear world war as a means of attaining Communist supremacy...
...People turned physically weak and fields became thinner...
...They criticized present Government action and advocated diplomatic relations between Madrid and Moscow...
...The paper said it was "delighted" to hear the good news that the Hsinyang administrative district in Honan had reaped a better harvest last year and "entered a period of rehabilitation and development of farm production...
...He said the prayer had little or no value for that purpose, and the Board's primary responsibility was education not moral training, which is the province of the church and family...
...The manifesto stated that the Falangists would oppose any political formula that might lead to a "capricious or personal government" and that "any rebellion would be permissible" against rulers who violated the laws that the Spanish regime had given itself...
...The Falange is nominally the only legal political force in Spain...
...The strongly worded criticism of Spanish political trends was contained in a manifesto published in the first issue of Es Asi (It Is So), a new periodical published by the Doctrinal Club Jose Antonio...
...An informed source said that Shostakovich's inclusion of "Babi Yar" verses in his symphony was criticized December 17 at a private meeting between Premier Khrushchev and other members of the Presidium with several hundred prominent intellectuals and avant-garde writers and artists...
...But reports circulating in Eastern Europe of tensions between Russians in Cuba and Cuban nationals are believed to reflect the true state of relations between the two Communist allies now and for some time to come.—Arthur J. Olsen...
...In a 2,300-word declaration the U.S...
...It was understood that Shostakovich has been privately rebuked for his selection of verses that are sung during the symphony by a choir...
...Founded in Spain and now active in many other countries, Opus Dei has repeatedly emphasized that its exclusive aim is a spiritual apostolate of its priest and lay members and that it has nothing to do with their professional or political activities...
...Moderate newspapers have protested against the verbal radicalism and high officials have shown displeasure...
...party, the declaration says, "cannot be indifferent to the fact that the Chinese Communist party seeks converts for its dangerous policies in our country and that the open promulgation of its policies can only spread confusion and disruption...
...But he added that he was now "completely occupied with a kind of work somewhat different from that on which the Committee is engaged, though directed toward similar ends...
...There has been some debate within this Administration about whether the pessimistic or the optimistic approach to the nation's problems is the better tactic with Congress...
...The Cuban Communists are said to argue that the challenge of "imperialism" should have been faced down at whatever cost...
...A 90-day, $30 million U.S...
...This poses a delicate political problem for Goulart...
...Shostakovich was in trouble again in 1948 when the Party's Central Committee denounced his music as an expression of "bourgeois decadence...
...This is a stopgap loan...
...Opening an ideological conference in Ulan Bator, Tsedenbal accused the "dogmatists of imperiling world peace and of undermining the international Communist movement...
...But to Congress, while he made a "yes-but" speech and always left himself a qualifying retreat, he was buoyantly hopeful —more hopeful than many observers thought justified by the facts...
...Western observers here expressed the opinion that the differences between the present leaderships of the Soviet and Chinese Communist parties had become so fundamental that a complete rapprochement was most unlikely...
...Religious instruction of youngsters under the age of 16 is forbidden and seminary training is limited...
...What would be the prospects of the colonial liberation movement, including the Castro regime, if it were deprived of Soviet support, the Soviet dialecticians ask...
...But Hutchins drew a distinction between education and indoctrination, saying that the New York school prayer to which the Supreme Court objected was part of a moral training program of the Board of Regents...
...The American party sharply attacked Mao Tse-tung's concept that imperialism and the U.S...
...The Communists are in more trouble now than they were two years ago...
...In each case, the Government left the decision in the hands of the individual local primary school committee...
...This thesis only serves to substantiate the split of the Communist movement and renunciation of the common positions of the Marxist-Leninist parties...
...It compares the Chinese declarations about the role of Moscow in the Cuban crisis to those of "certain powerful U.S...
...The object, he said, would be education, not propagation of religion...
...SINO-SOVIET RIFT January 7—The Soviet Communist party has warned that the international Communist movement is verging on an open split...
...The Chinese Communists feel that if they cannot upset Premier Khrushchev's control over Eastern Europe they might provoke him into some action against them that would give them a useful cloak of martyrdom...
...Informed Algerian and U.S...
...But the President is expected to show his hand sooner...
...PARTY BACKS MOSCOW January 10—The United States Communist party has thrown its full support to the Soviet Union in the rapidly widening conflict between Peking and Moscow...
...The Mongolian leader warmly endorsed Khrushchev's policy in the Cuban crisis...
...Soviet Communists hold that the central struggle of the day is between "capitalism" and "Socialism...
...His principal base of political support has come from the nationalist sector in the armed forces, in unions, and in his own Brazilian Labor party, including Governor Leonel Brizola of Rio Grande do Sul.—Juan de Onis...
...Russell has tried to act as an intermediary...
...imperialists and gives the latter encouragement...
...In the basement of a synagogue in a Russian city, a Jewish elder sits with his prayer book and pleads: "Leave us alone...
...Referring to members of the Supreme Court, Dr...
...The wall," he went on, "has done what walls usually do: It has obscured the view...
...While the U.S...
...In its notice, Pravda recalled that the original opera "was unjustly defamed" during the Stalin era and forgotten...
...Official praise accorded his opera indicated that he remained in good standing, and also that the Party now takes a more tolerant view of those who occasionally deviate from the approved cultural line.—S...
...The Premier's talk before more than 1,000 Mongolian and foreign delegates, including a Soviet delegation headed by Leonid F. Ilyichev, a Party secretary, was reported by Tass, the Soviet press agency...
...The glow of the Cuban victory still lingers in the capital...
...The statement charges that the position of the Chinese "dovetails with that of the most adventurous U.S...
...He lumped the Communist critics of the Soviet Premier together with "frantic imperialists thirsting for military clashes...
...The U.S...
...The Falangists attacked the European Common Market and pledged to fight "against those who still believe in the liberal and Jewish-Masonic paradise...
...party calls for the Chinese to correct their views and restore unity to the world Communist movement, the statement indicates little hope that this may be achieved...
...But thè battle strategies dictated by the conflicting analyses are radically at odds...
...ECONOMIC CRIMES January 7—On the back page of a Ukrainian newspaper which has reached Moscow there was published the death sentences of nine men...
...This thesis, Hung Chi declares, "is in full accord with ideas of Marx, Engels and Lenin...
...It charges China with pursuing "dangerous and erroneous" policies that threaten world disaster...
...The opening of primary schools to African and Asian children brings to an end more than a half century of white exclusiveness in Kenya's classrooms...
...The advanced Communist states must support an aggressive revolutionary policy on the colonial front...
...A commentator of the home service said: "Every Soviet person and friend of our country abroad should read this article very attentively, for it is of immense fundamental significance...
...Last month, more than 300 members of the Cortes, a majority of the 600-man assembly, signed a petition demanding that the Government submit more bills for debate, reserving enactment through law decree only to the most urgent cases...
...More than 19 persons were convicted in the two most recent cases in the Ukraine, which were reported in sketchy fashion by the newspaper Unkraina Pravda...
...The latest attack is contained in two articles in Hung Chi, the authoritative Peking publication issued by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist party...
...SHOSTAKOVICH January 11 — Dmitri Shostakovich, Russia's best known composer, has demonstrated once again that he is more a master of music than of Communist ideology...
...Major negotiations on a broad aid program to Brazil within the concepts of the Alliance for Progress are to begin by the end of this month or early in February...
...The Soviet newspaper said that Lenin's definition of imperialists as "a colossus on clay feet" meant that imperialism was still strong but stood on an unstable basis...
...In a speech delivered at a University of Chicago conference on church and state, Hutchins was especially critical of former Justice Felix Frankfurter and the late Justice Robert H. Jackson...
...Pravda said: "Communists cannot but feel gravely concerned over the thesis launched recently that there is a 'temporary majority' in the international movement which 'persists in its mistakes', and a 'temporary minority' which boldly and resolutely upholds the truth...
...One pro-Soviet observer commented tersely that "Of course, the Cubans have no idea of what war is...
...Yevtushenko, who survived criticism in 1961 of his widely discussed poem to become a favorite of the Communist party, has said that the poem was directed against the Nazi executioners...
...Five years ago it would have been unthinkable in settlers' eyes for an African or Asian youngster to sit next to a white child in Kenya's school system...
...The Soviet-Cuban disagreement has been aired in an unpublicized debate turning on Marxist analysis of the present "historical period...
...Education authorities say the primary school's decision to desegregate their classes without direct Government intervention is the result of an "extroardinary revolution" in the attitude of Kenya's 66,000 whites toward the country's estimated 8.3 million Africans and 178,000 Asians, mainly Indians, Pakistanis and Goans...
...Important details, the sources added, remained to be ironed out...
...At that time some people were afraid that the people of Hsinyang might not be able to bear such serious difficulties...
...According to official Soviet statistics, Jews make up 1.1 per cent of the total population...
...Apparent contradictions of this kind, together with a lack of adequate information about the treatment of the clergy and the churches, has produced confused impressions abroad about the status of religion in the Soviet Union...
...Also, Kennedy was not reviewing his own record in 1961 but President Eisenhower's, and it is always easier to see what is wrong with the opposition's record than your own...
...Moscow's doctrinal justification was that the Soviet Union had to be preserved at all costs to lead the struggle against "capitalism...
...The adversaries in both "struggles" are the same...
...They say that while Peking primarily is bidding for ideological leadership of the Communist bloc, it has an alternative motive for its continuing campaign of criticism against Moscow...
...and the Ministry of Mines and Energy...
...A spokesman for Lord Russell said he was "currently" in correspondence with Soviet Premier Khrushchev, India's Prime Minister Nehru, Communist China's Premier Chou En-lai...
...Popular cheers that sounded here recently in Tchaikovsky Hall for Shostakovich's new Thirteenth Symphony have not been echoed by official overseers of Soviet culture...
...He doubted whether it was a case for courts or even for legislatures if schools required every child to have a course in religion, history of religion or comparative religion...
...Two years ago he was wondering whether "a nation organized and governed such as ours could endure...
...Actually, it is competing for power with other groups backing the regime of Generalissimo Francisco Franco, particularly with Right-wing Roman Catholics and economic pressure groups...
...Capitalist power will not collapse until its imperial grip on dependent peoples, half the world's population, is broken, according to Havana theoreticians...
...Shostakovich enjoyed a success here recently with the premiere in the Stanislavsky Theatre of a revised version of his opera Lady Macbeth of Mzensk...
...And the Cuban Communists are expected to make the best of a disappointing situation...
...Thé argument, as described here, turns on a definition of the main "front" on which the world Communist movement must do battle to fulfill its historic mission...
...Denouncing the tactics assertedly employed by the Chinese and Albanian Communists against the Kremlin, Pravda declared: "It must be said that since Trotskyism no other opportunist trend has ever resorted to such monstrous methods which completely distort truth, mislead its own people and world public opinion...
...The case for optimism is that, if the President does not reflect hope, the country might despair of the endless burdens of the cold war...
...Thus, the President could point to the fact that "well over a million more men and women are working today than were working two years ago...
...It follows desegregation of the colony's seven white high schools with the beginning of the 1962 term last January...
...Their career and educational opportunities also are diminished...
...Nevertheless, Shostakovich and Yevtushenko decided to go ahead with the premier of the symphony on the following evening...
...party attacks the Chinese party by name as "anti-Soviet, anti-peace and anti-Marxist...
...The lone holdout was Molo, a conservative farming community in the heart of Kenya's White Highlands...
...This view seems to be a modern adaptation of Stalin's "Russia first" policy of the 1920s and '30s...
...The expression "wall of separation" was originally written by President Thomas Jefferson...
...Some of the bitterest complaints concern denying the clergy the right to educate the young in religious matters...
...It reaffirmed Falange anti-Communism, but said Spain nevertheless need not "deny Russia's diplomatic existence...
...It added: "The 'paper tiger' definition of imperialism speaks of its weakness...
...Brazil has just come through a year of record inflation with successive political crises and an undenied deterioration of relations with the United States...
...The attempt by revisionists to "restrict, weaken and even negate the revolutionary struggles of oppressed people and oppressed nations by hypocritical appeals for 'peace' and 'peaceful coexistence' fits in entirely with the wishes of imperialists," it says...
...It has been quietly withdrawn from the program of a festival of Russian and Soviet music that is scheduled to be held in London next September...
...For months Goulart has been saying that Brazil could not be governed by the "hybrid" parliamentary system in which the president shared executive authority with the council of ministers...
...It is only on rare occasions, when a private meeting with a clergyman can be arranged, that one hears a catalogue of complaints...
...Protestant, Jewish and Catholic clergy and congregations are allowed no contact with affiliated organizations outside of the Soviet Union...
...Communist sources foresee no open falling-out between the Soviet Union and Cuba, however...
...The 8,000 word Pravda statement was broadcast in full by Moscow Radio...
...While his Thirteenth Symphony now is looked upon with disfavor, Shostakovich is apparently not laboring under any difficulties comparable to previous occasions when he has been publicly censured...
...It said that acceptance of the views of the dogmatists, which would demonstrate a lack of faith in the possibility of victory without war, would "repel millions of people from the Communist movement and isolate the Communists...
...MADRID FALANGE MANIFESTO January 11—A group of hard-core Falangists have warned that the Spanish regime is threatened by "liberal-capitalist" deviationism...
...Many of these sect members, who probably number several million, have attempted to escape the Communist regulation of their youth and have kept their children away from Communist activities...
...About 365 African and 50 Asian children have applied for admission to this British colony's previously all-white primary schools for the new term...
...They generally fall into this pattern: Churches of every faith are suffering under the heavy burden of State taxation...
...and UN Secretary General U Thant...
...Complete statistical data is not made available by the Soviet Government...
...At present there are no diplomatic ties between Madrid and Moscow.—Paul Hoffman MOSCOW RELIGION IN USSR January 6—When a Soviet official is asked about the status of religion in his country, he usually replies by quoting that article of the State Constitution that says: "Freedom of religious worship and freedom of anti-religious propaganda is recognized for all citizens...
...He attacked it as a figure of speech rather than a reason, adding: "but almost every justice feels constrained to bow before it...
...The new desegregation policy has been accepted by all but one of the colony's 28 white or "European" primary schools...
...The people are still heavy at heart when they recall the days when Hsinyang was first attacked by serious calamities," it stated...
...Just a month ago, summing up his first two years in office, the President said, "The problems are more difficult than I had imagined they were...
...Always since he came on the national scene, Kennedy has seemed to struggle with these conflicting views of pessimism and optimism...
...On January 7, the U.S...
...It urged inter-party talks to re-establish unity...
...The case for pessimism is that the Congress is so accustomed to the recurring crises of the postwar period that it will not vote $100 billion budgets unless it seems to be on the verge of imminent disaster...
...The responsibilities placed on the United States are greater than I had imagined them to be, and there are greater limitations upon our ability to bring about a favorable result...
...It must be stressed unequivocally," he declared, "that dogmatism and Leftwing opportunism are emerging as an ever-increasing danger in the world Communist movement...
...Children who resist atheistic education in schools and attend services are denied the privileges of Komsomol, the Young Communist League...
...Using their own brand of Marxist dialectics, the Cuban Communists produce a different answer...
...Publicity only brings us trouble...
...sources said, however, that Premier Ahmed Ben Bella and U.S...
...Hutchins, who is President of the Fund for the Republic and a former chancellor at the University of Chicago, declared that aid to all educational institutions that meet Federal standards would promote religious freedom as well as improve education...
...But informed officials noted the example of Tunisia...
...Russell said another reason for his resignation was that he was spending most of his time at his home in Wales and could not follow the work of the Committee "or the reasons for this or that policy...
...Universal Federal aid would have the overriding purpose of improving education, Hutchins said...
...The poem borrows its name from a ravine near Kiev, the capital of the Ukraine, where thousands of Jews were slaughtered by the Nazis during World War II, and protests that no memorial has been erected at Babi Yar...
...The explanation of the gloomy first and the optimistic third State of the Union messages is clear enough...
...Drawn up by Celso Furtado, minister without portfolio, the plan is designed to slow down Brazil's inflation while maintaining a 7 per cent annual rate of growth in the Gross National Product...
...We have every reason to believe that our tide is running strong...
...In almost every field there has been progress, but in the same fields such a mounting challenge of new people and new problems that the balance remains about the same, requiring even greater efforts in the future.— James Reston...
...Communist ideologists have objected to verses based on "Babi Yar," a controversial poem which has been taken to imply that anti-Semitism persists in the Soviet Union...
...And the answers obtained in the Russian Orthodox, Protestant and Catholic churches usually are no more illuminating...
...The club is one of several groups that have lately become active in the Falange movement in an effort to revitalize it and regain waning influence...
...The symphony has been ignored by the Soviet press since its premiere on December 18...
...The domestic economy is better...
...In practical terms this means the U.S...
...The manifesto emphasized that the Falange must strive for social revolution and oppose capitalism...
...S.T...
...Churches, synagogues and mosques are being gradually closed as their congregations are constricted under a systematic program that eventually must result in the virtual disappearance of houses of worship in the Soviet Union...
...Thirty-two members of an evangelical Christian sect sought refuge from religious persecution in the U.S...
...monopoly circles...
...surplus wheat, dried milk and soybean oil would become "wages" instead of handouts...
...NEW YORK U.S...
...The scope of the new "food-for-wages" plan has yet to be settled...
...Under Soviet law, Jews must be identified as such in their internal passports under the description of nationality, regardless of the republic or region in which they live...
...Embassy...
...Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy made it clear to Goulart during their meeting in Brasilia last month that the success of the Alliance for Progress program here required elimination of top personnel who are actively hostile to cooperation with the U.S...
...The symphony received tumultuous popular reception but officially was ignored and frowned upon...
...Reportedly, the first issue of the new Falange organ, dated January 1, 1963, had been ready for several days before it could be distributed on January 11...
...The vote for the repeal· of the parliamentary system exceeded the hopes of Goulart and his advisers...
...Parliamentarism was a device designed to contain Goulart when he took over the presidency from Janio Quadros, who resigned in August 1961...
...Aside from "Babi Yar" verses, exception was taken musically to the tragic overtones of the symphony, which were said not to be in keeping with note of joyous confidence required by Socialist Realism...
...It has lent a simplistic aid to the discussion of a very complicated matter...
...The Premier, who also is the Communist party chief of the small nation between Communist China and the Soviet Union, named only the Albanian leaders but made it clear that he was also denouncing the Peking regime...
...Tsedenbal's attack on the rulers of his country's giant Asian neighbor reflected the mounting pressure on Communist parties throughout the world to take a definitive stand in the dispute between Moscow and Peking...
...There was a shortage of grain, cooking oil, livestock and farm tools...
...Hutchins added that Frankfurter had raised the wall "to new heights of eloquence" in a passage in which the former Justice said it meant separation and not a "fine line easily overstepped...
...Left-wing opportunism seeks to attack the tested Leninist line of the world Communist movement on the most important questions, including that of war and peace...
...action in October demonstrated that peaceful coexistence—struggle by political and economic means only—was not enough...
...Besides, the truth is that President Kennedy is more optimistic now than at the beginning because he feels more on top of his job and can now see the Promised Land beyond the wilderness...
...The main point, however, is that what we need are not paper definitions, stubbornly thrust upon us, but a genuine analysis of contemporary imperialism...
...This is the basic problem he had to deal with in his review of events both at home and abroad...
...The first step expected from Goulart is the formation of a new Cabinet...
...It is hoped that last year's cost-of-living increase of more than 50 per cent will be cut to 30 per cent this year, and reduced to 10 per cent by 1965...
...He described the Justice as a man who proposed to erect a wall in the midst of a saturated solution, and said that he should not have been surprised at the failure of his experiment...
...Hence it has caused confusion whenever it has been invoked...
...His first in 1961 was solemn and at times almost funereal...
...Khrushchev had taken the position earlier that there was no special need for a memorial at Babi Yar for Jews because persons of other nationalities had also been murdered there...
...Among the areas in which personnel changes are being awaited is the state oil monopoly, Petrobras...
...gave Goulart some breathing time to get his new government organized...
Vol. 46 • January 1963 • No. 2
