Dear Editor
DEAR EDITOR INTERVENTION IN CUBA We have learned to expect belligerent nonsense about Cuba from Senators Capehart, Keating and Tower, Claire Boothe Luce and David Lawrence, and during the...
...Kristol has evidently never been in Cuba, and is not aware that tens of thousands of heavily armed militia and regular troops are prepared to defend the Cuban Revolution with their lives...
...Hyman appears to reject the concept of God because of the past use of inadequate, anthropomorphic methods of reaching for this concept...
...Delgado's recent agreement with Angolan nationalist Mario de Andrade attests to his new Marxist orientation...
...This does not prove, however, that such an attempt is untenable...
...If we are willing to accept the methods of modern physics as more fruitful than those of uneducated thinking, can we also use similar approaches to attempt an understanding of God...
...No dictatorship rests on brute force alone...
...But I see no reason why American intervention need have this political complexion...
...Avoca, N.Y...
...Nor is it a struggle for establishing some imaginary historical rights...
...The fact is, though, that three of the 61 signers were arrested in May (Ac??cio de Gouveia, Mario Soares, and Gustavo Soromenho...
...But does such an inefficient rationalization foreclose a concept of God consistent with modern knowledge...
...I believe that an American invasion of Cuba would result in a costly and prolonged guerrilla war, in which our casualties might in the end total many, many tens of thousands...
...Is this then the final "scientific" judgment upon this matter...
...New Delhi Daya Krishna Dr...
...and there were further arrests in late 1961 and early 1962...
...Perhaps Castro himself will reform his regime...
...V. K. R. V. Rao Dr...
...She is engaged in a bitter struggle with a cynical invader who has taken advantage of India's friendship and trust only to prepare to turn its expansionist designs against her...
...The Castro regime has certainly betrayed its early promises of elections, an independent judiciary, and the restoration of the Constitution of 1940...
...his top military chiefs were Negroes...
...But on the basis of what information is available, I believe that Shapiro fand the Pentagon too, for that matter) grossly overestimates the military costs of an invasion, should there be one...
...We appeal to the intellectuals of the world to grasp the historic significance of this struggle...
...five or six more were imprisoned in July and August...
...And in seeking to humiliate India, Red China seeks to destroy the prospect of peace and prosperity in Asia...
...Since then, Galvao has maintained close contact with the non-Communist Portuguese liberals and old-guard Republicans in Portugal...
...along with Delgado, this opposition played a significant role in January's abortive coup d'etat at Beja...
...If our concept of matter is limited by the boundaries of mathematics, is it not reasonable to accept a concept of God which is beyond our ability to grasp...
...I find it difficult to believe it would be even that...
...APPEAL FROM INDIA India today is faced with the gravest situation since her independence...
...Lastly, it is perhaps unfair to cite the Oporto daily O Primeiro de Janeiro as the only exception to a press which is "completely subservient to Salazar...
...The liberal and Republican opposition with which Galvao is associated has manifested itself in Portuguese politics with two significant publications: Hornern de Mello's Portugal, ?? ultramar e o futoro and Cunha Leal's book, P??tria em perigo...
...If the invasion were to take the form of a counter-revolution led by Batista elements, this might be the case...
...As for guerrilla war: On an island such as Cuba, isolated from all sources of supply, no guerrilla activity could possibly be more than a temporary embarrassment...
...Roditi seems to have forgotten the courageous daily Republica, which is published by the liberal and Republican opposition...
...But we appeal to you today to exercise the authority of your knowledge and understanding to broadcast the significance of India's historic fight and declare your solidarity with her struggle for freedom, democracy and the values the free intellect must cherish everywhere...
...and in the anti-Batista literature of the 1950s, racial discrimination was one crime the regime was not accused of...
...It is a calculated move ultimately to destroy the freedom of Asia...
...Senator Morse's figures are double those mentioned...
...It can only be approached through mathematics, which provides a so-called symbolic logic that appears to fit the nature of reality...
...S. N. Agarwala Professor M. M. Bhalla Dr...
...The two men split in late 1961...
...The loss of Goa in December 1961 was certainly not taken for granted...
...You doubtless know all this...
...But the humanitarian achievements of the regime in abolishing racial discrimination, in cutting the illiteracy rate down to something less than 10 per cent, in building vacation hotels for workers, and in ending the abuses and corruption of the old order, continues to be impressive...
...Such an approach must face the question of whether purpose can be seen in the history of evolution...
...not only did the Portuguese find their sons lost in battle, but the Government's financial burden forced new and increased taxes upon the poor populace (per capita income is about $250 annually...
...For all that can be demonstrated by studying the development of these ideas is that man has not known as much about the universe in the past as he knows today...
...Rather, we can use intermediary principles, like mathematics, which can be grasped by the human mind, and also can be seen to approach the concept of God...
...The Socialist-Marxist oppositori, supported by the well-organized Communist party, also must not be discounted...
...Reghuvtra Ram Singh Jayaprakash Narayan (Partial list of names) PORTUGAL I should like to add the following information to Edouard Roditi's interesting "Letter from Lisbon" (NL, November 12...
...When heavy censorship is relaxed, this newspaper is outspokenly critical of the Salazar regime...
...And if Shapiro will read the apologetic literature on Italian Fascism during the '20s and '30s, he will find this argument repeated ad nauseam...
...Although Humberto Delgado and Henrique Galvao perhaps discredited themselves within Portugal in 1961 with their ostentatious activity, it is clear by recent events that Galvao, at least, has some important backing and influence...
...But the most frightening thing about Kristors article is his bargain-basement view of the cost of intervention in Cuba: a thousand casualties a year ago, 25,000 today -buy now before the price goes up...
...Roditi's reference to Portugal's "rude awakening in the near future," however, seems a bit out of perspective...
...Ronald H. Chilcote Assistant Editor "Hispanic American Report" HYMAN Stanley Edgar Hyman appears to hold to the view that "the god is the reflection, the projection of man's emotions socially reinforced...
...Harold Koretz...
...But when intelligent liberals like Irving Kristol ("The Case for Intervention in Cuba," NL, October 15) lose their heads, the situation is really getting serious...
...All of the "achievements" mentioned by Shapiro were to be noticed in Stalin's Russia, which both Nikita Khrushchev and I agree was an unscrupulous tyranny...
...The nationalist uprisings in Angola during February and March 1961 and the subsequent war provided the initial shock...
...As to the important program of reforms (dated January 1961 but released to the press in May), Roditi erroneously states that none of those responsible was arrested...
...I place no credence in the assertion that there are "tens of thousands" of ordinary Cubans who are prepared to defend the Castro regime-not the Cuban Revolution, but the Castro regime-"with their lives...
...Hyman can point to the evidence of cultural evolution to demonstrate that man has used primitive thinking in an attempt to understand his situation in the universe...
...he came to power to the acclaim of the colored majority of the population...
...He also inaugurated new abuses and corruptions, as has Castro...
...Stanford, Calif...
...B. Kuppuswamy Dr...
...In attacking India, Red China is aiming a blow at democracy in Asia...
...In traveling through three provinces last August, I saw much evidence of mismanagement, suppression, denial of free speech, etc...
...No, I've not been to Cuba...
...Perhaps a way can be devised of overthrowing the Castro regime short of invasion...
...He supports this idea with the anthropological material developed by Jane Ellen Harrison in his review of Miss Harrison's writing ("Leaping for Goodly Themis," NL, October 29...
...it always needs some degree of popular acquiescence, and seeks this by a judicious bestowal of benefits...
...But if one assumes-as I have done-that Castro will continue to create major troubles for us in Latin America, and that we shall have to invade sooner or later, then sooner is obviously better than later...
...He does not tell us which sources in the Pentagon estimated the cost of an invasion...
...For an approach utilizing our most advanced knowledge can provide clues, if examined without pre-conceived prejudice...
...and we might, in Mace's words, "Gather in only the soil of Cuba bathed in blood...
...Batista was a mulatto...
...But to dismiss it as simply "an unscrupulous tyranny which daily commits atrocities against its own people" is far wide of the mark...
...Rochester, Michigan Samuel Shapiro Assistant Professor of History, Michigan State University (Oakland) Irving Kristol replies: Is it not time that Samuel Shapiro learned that tyrannies always can boast of "humanitarian achievement...
...Delgado, on the other hand, works closely with a Leftist-leaning group in Brazil, which publishes the monthly Portugal Democratico, as well as with the Leftist Juntas de Accao Patri??tica in Portugal...
...Raj Krishna Professor V. K. N. Menon Professor Frank Thakurdas Eric Da Costa A. R. Deshpande Dr...
...Our most modern concept of matter makes the previously held idea of small atomic particles appear as primitive and superstitious as horns on an altar...
...Mussolini did put an end to many of "the abuses and corruption of the old order...
...But this does not mean that God is equated with the symbol zero...
...His point of view, however, is irrelevant to the question of whether all concepts of God are a "reflection, or projection of man's emotions socially reinforced...
...I prefer to agree with President Kennedy that "it would be a mistake to invade Cuba...
...DEAR EDITOR INTERVENTION IN CUBA We have learned to expect belligerent nonsense about Cuba from Senators Capehart, Keating and Tower, Claire Boothe Luce and David Lawrence, and during the past few weeks they have not disappointed us...
...Undoubtedly, today many people have a concept of God which appears solely constructed (perhaps Hyman would prefer to say invented) in order to satisfy the need of the individual for security...
...Based on personal experience, I agree with Roditi that the Portuguese tend to take their overseas territories for granted...
...Any regime which prompts such a large proportion of its population to seek exile cannot be so securely based...
...I should be delighted if either of these things were to happen...
...Finally, though I certainly have no wish to come to the defense of the Batista regime, I am puzzled by Shapiro's reference to Castro's having abolished "racial discrimination...
...It is a fight not merely for a strategic strip of land...
...In fact, the most accurate concept of matter cannot be understood in terms of ordinary human experience...
...In seeking to defeat India by methods customary to Communist imperialism, China is seeking to dominate the people of Asia...
Vol. 45 • November 1962 • No. 24
