Khrushchev's New Radicalism:

...From what was said at the 21st Congress and what is now being written in the journals, it also seems that a new wrinkle is developing in the age-old Marxist and Communist promise of distribution of goods according to need instead of according to work as measured in wages ("to each according to his need, from each according to his capacity...

...Some restoration of the ideas in Stalin's last major theoretical work, The Economic Problems of Socialism (1952), can be found in recent articles on transforming kolkhoz property into fully state-controlled property and kolkhozes into "rural factories...

...Strumilin declares that "parents will be permitted to visit the children's premises and their living quarters as often as the rules allow...

...But he was quick to add that it is "impossible to represent the withering away of the state like the falling of an autumn leaf leaving behind a bare trunk...

...Another accused the bloc of having disagreed with Khrushchev's "personal diplomacy" and the "relaxation of tensions...

...As for the future of the state and the Party, Soviet theoreticians have made it clear in their recent writings that no "withering away" process will take place "until Communism becomes world wide...

...Speakers at the 21st Congress made it clear that Lenin's picture (in State and Revolution) of every housewife taking part in the administration of things was to be taken ritualistically, not literally...

...Enumerating what are described as disadvantages of the present method of human reproduction, the writer says that the "number of ova produced is small and the nourishment contained in any ovum is scanty...

...One of those so misled in the Stalin and post-Stalin period was Y. D. Yaroshenko, formerly of the Central Statistical Administration...

...This will insure successful solution of the problem of educating the younger generation and attracting millions of new women into the ranks of the active builders of Communism...

...The kolkhoznik's private plot is to be gradually absorbed by the state, says an article in Problems of Economics...

...Khrushchev said that by 1965 no less than 2.5 million children would be settled in the boarding schools...

...With the Party bulging with new peasant members (the pace of admission has been stepped up, according to Khrushchev's righthand man, Alexei Kirichenko), and with decentralization causing political provincialisms and revisionism to creep in, the pressure for peace and reform from the Party and nonParty ranks is on the increase...

...This agro-city arrangement supposedly answers another Marxist tenet, that of tearing down the rustic fence separating town from country under full Communism...

...It will take on an ever-increasing importance of a subjective nature, since under Communism, with its abundance of material goods, the importance of persuasion and ideological, educational and administrative influence will increase...

...The general drift of these discussions are distinctly leftward, radical and all-embracing...

...clashed with Khrushchev and his followers' grandiose plans...

...Al Weeks, a specialist in Soviet affairs, is an instructor at New York University and contributes to The New Leader and other magazines...

...from the New York "Times...

...One labeled Molotov the "pseudo-theoretician" of conservatism...

...Central Statistical Administration and present Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Commission, sees virtually total separation of children and parents from infancy...

...BRAVE NEW WORLD HONG KONG Assembly-line production of babies in laboratories is envisaged in an article in a Chinese Communist newspaper...

...All aspects of Soviet life are being discussed in terms of the "approaching" fully Communist society: the family, the Party, the state, "physical versus mental labor," the differences between town and village, and the problem of distributing goods without money according to need (instead of work, as is now the practice...

...Indeed, no such ambitious scheme as the forthcoming program would win much support in the Party or non-Party cadres if "peaceful construction" were not its promised purpose...

...Or will it be a collection of meaningless cliches...

...The future presents the possibility of training all children [italics supplied—ed.] in the boarding schools...

...Writing on the family in the July 1960 issue of Novy Mir, for example, Stanislav Strumilin, former head of the USSR...

...One indication of the probable answer to these questions appeared in the February 22 issue of Pravda, the Party organ, when Gosplan Chairman Vladimir N. Novikov suggested that the USSR hoped to attain full Communism by around 1980...

...At the last Congress, several speakers dealt with the nature of the antiParty bloc's opposition...

...Finally, Khrushchev observed that even under full and complete Communism the economy will have to be planned and it is simply "vulgar to represent Communist society as a formless, unorganized and anarchical mass of people...

...From all this one can see more clearly the extent to which the alleged "conservatism" of the antiParty bloc of Georgi Malenkov, Vyacbeslav Molotov, Nikolai Bulganin, et al...

...Egotistic inclinations in the child will be snuffed out 'in the cradle.' In place of this, all inborn social instincts and sympathies will be developed as the result of new conditioned reflexes formed in the process of daily comradely interrelationships...

...Obviously, as the memory of this bloc recedes into the past, Khrushchev's foreign and domestic policies are becoming slowly but increasingly more Stalinist and radical...

...It was in 1959-60 that the suggestion was first made that the USSR was reaching a new and important stage in its development—the passage from the second and last stage of socialism into the first stage of Communism...

...He had thus moved further to the left on this issue since the 1956 20th Party Congress, where the boardingschool program was first announced...

...Other writers have predicted the complete elimination of all private enterprise...

...The journals also are taking up many other traditional Marxist and Leninist doctrines, such as the "withering away of the state," the division of labor and "real democracy"—in which there will be "democratic participation of all the people in the governing of their people's state...

...However, no one has suggested carrying this to a point where the local economic councils or any other local government organs would have effective power in a democratic sense over crucial matters...

...The January plenum of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist party directed the First Secretary to submit a new and sweeping program to the 22nd Party Congress...

...Khrushchev set the tone of the current discussions at the 1959 Congress when he said that "society already bears the cost for free education of the citizens, free hospital care, pensions etc...

...The article hailed recent Italian experiments in growing human embryos in a laboratory...

...However, the Party boss went on to say that "as long as people vary in their skills, giftedness, capacity to work and size of families, so-called equal rewards would in fact be unequal...

...One writer maintains that this was the raison d'être for the recent transfer of machines and tractors to individual or groups of kolkhozes...

...Issue No...

...Khrushchev was particularly adamant that the "revisionist idea of 'democratization' with the possibility of making fiery speeches in a parliament and playing with interparty groupings and 'free elections'" is definitely not what is meant by popular "self-government" in the USSR...

...He includes as "functions of society" the punishment of minor crimes and misdemeanors by non-professional "courts" representing popular opinion...

...They insist that the state must remain, as Stalin taught, as long as capitalism exists somewhere in the world, and they go beyond Stalin to insist that the Party must remain, too...

...Along with Novikov's article in Pravda, they indicate that Khrushchev's new program will be a blueprint for the long-awaited full Communist society...

...The October Party Congress may mark the beginning of Khrushchev's New Radicalism By Al Weeks Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev is preparing a major gambit in a field reputedly foreign to his talents—philosophy...

...The Party and its leaders rescue the people from error," the book says, and it is clear that they will continue to do so under full Communism Another subject under discussion in the journals is the "democratization" of the government...

...These are achievements of extreme importance, which have opened up bright perspectives for similar research," the article declared in a recent issue of "Jenmin Jin Pao," official organ of the Chinese Communist party...

...Leveling does not help in the transition to Communism but actually discredits it...

...1, 1961, of the authoritative journal, Kommunist, makes the same point in an article entitled "Communism and Personal Property...

...This line was authoritatively laid down in The Bases of Marxist Philosophy (edited by the eminent Party philosopher, F. V. Konstantinov, and published after Khrushchev's unchallenged ascendancy in 1959): "The role of the Communist party will not decrease during the building of Communism as the revisionists say, but will increase...

...As Khrushchev has observed, workers cannot work when the advent of war is declared to be inevitable...

...His piece recalls the late Mme...

...And both Stalin and Khrushchev used him to pillory latter-day Yugoslav ideas, especially on the withering away of the Party...

...Such expenditures will be broadened in the future...

...Under the new program, therefore, it is likely that some goods will begin to be distributed without charge...

...Will it mark a démarche for Soviet Communism...

...All children, says Strumilin, are to be brought up in state-run collectives...

...The same point was made by Khrushchev at the 21st Congress when he said the whole question should be approached "dialectically...

...This telescoping of what used to be considered an extremely remote society of egalitarians clearly indicated that, at last, the First Secretary had so consolidated his power that some of his long-held, leftist Communist ideas could be put into practice...

...Khrushchev did say candidly that certain "functions of society analogous to some of the present governmental functions" will be carried out "popularly" under Communism...

...This consists of Chinese-style communes where farm workers are treated economically like industrial workers, and where the peasant countryside takes on the appearance of a series of little cities...

...True, decentralization of the economic administration goes on, but with it has come increased authority by Party executive organs, particularly those on the large Republic and provincial levels...

...Complicating Khrushchev's plans is the increasing pressure from what Boris Nicolaevsky calls the "middleman peasant...

...The bloc allegedly opposed the economic-administrative decentralization begun in 1957...

...For human beings, the article declared, nine months of pregnancy is "no light or easy burden and such diseases as poisoning due to pregnancy are detrimental to health...

...The piece also speaks of the agro-city type of rural life described in the days of Stalin by Khrushchev...

...Alexandra Kollontai, who wrote on the family in the early 1920s...

...If children can be had without being conceived "working mothers need not be affected by childbirth," the article said and added, "This is happy news for women...

...He gave as a contemporary example of this self-government the transfer of the administration of physical culture to the "Union of Volunteer Sports Associations, which is not a state but a social organization...

...But " a children's collective, when directed by an experienced pedagogue, is incomparably better equipped to give the greatest indoctrination to the child with the best social habits than the most loving and attentive mothers...

...An argument is also made in this book against those who are attracted to the Yugoslav experiment of relegating the Communist League to the position of a mere primus inter pares among other forces in society...

...In 15 to 20 years," he wrote, "the historic tasks of laying the material and technological foundations of Communism will be completed, as will the achievement of a total abundance of material and spiritual wealth in our country...

...approximately 1,500 delegates will gather in Moscow to hear him deliver the first new Party "constitution" since the tumultuous year of 1919...

...Khrushchev and his followers appear eager to relieve this pressure by making bold amendments of such traditional concepts as the non-inevitability of war, forestalling war even in the presence of capitalism in the world and increased trade with the West...

...What path is the program likely to take...

...Even stronger and more detailed clues to the shape of the new program can be found in the Soviet academic journals, which are now devoting much space to it...

...The practical measures for realizing this total state domination of the home—a goal that even Adolf Hitler approached gingerly—include stepping up the construction of boarding schools, which Khrushchev referred to at the 21st Party Congress: "We must increase the role of the state and society in rearing children...

...The new Party program will undoubtedly have even more to say on this question...

...Accordingly, on October 17...