National Reports

...Delegates and observers from every state in the Union and 39 foreign countries attended...

...Unlike the two rural GOP districts in Tennessee, four of the five Southern Congressional districts that recently went Republican are urban...

...Then came a real test of public reaction, Virginia's Gubernatorial election...

...Asia's urgent material needs must be met speedily, she warned, for the present imbalance between the hungry peoples of Asia and the prosperous countries of the West posed "a far greater danger to the world than the deadliest weapons of destruction...

...Alger represents Dallas and populous Dallas County...

...Baker, on the other hand, was the only Southern Congressman to be given a perfect score on his voting record in the last Congress by the liberal Americans for Democratic Action...

...Mme...

...Praising British policy toward China for greater maturity and tolerance, he declared that the uncommitted countries of Asia found it difficult to understand the American attitude "at a time when military force is neither in use nor immediately in prospect...

...Reece hit the headlines again in 1954 with his investigation of educational foundations and his sweeping charges of alleged leftist subversion in practically every major foundation...

...In contrast to American hostility, he described Red China as "clamoring for an understanding with America, for trade with America and for cultural exchanges with America...

...In fact, Dalton was considered to have an outside, but real, chance of being elected Governor of Virginia...

...two Representatives from New Jersey and two from the state of Washington...

...Yet, there were hints of trouble beneath the surface of good will...

...Finally, the fact remains that most of today's Southern GOP leaders are as conservative as the present Southern Democratic leadership regarding domestic issues, and much more isolationist than the Southern Democrats concerning foreign policy...

...Broyhill represents Alexandria and surrounding Arlington and Fairfax Counties in Virginia...

...Petersburg and four sourrounding counties...

...By Henry M. Christman Has President Eisenhower, by sending Federal troops into Little Rock, doomed Republican chances in the South...

...Therefore, he pleaded for a program of positive aid to India...

...U.S...

...If anything, they typify the contrasting traditions that have sprung from Southern Republicanism...

...Virtually ignored at the conference was a crucial problem which, left unsolved, could doom all other efforts: the problem of overpopulation...

...India, Mme...

...What is in store for the South's GOP Congressmen...

...The victor was J. Lindsay Almond Jr., hand-picked candidate of Senator Harry F. Byrd's machine and advocate of "massive resistance" to public school integration...

...He urged American business to approach the problem of aid to underdeveloped nations in a similar spirit...

...The speaker emphasized that private enterprise could not be the key In industrialization in India or other Asian nations...

...Other speeches reaffirmed today's cultural imperative: Know more about Asia...

...Pandit stressed that industrialization was the "great common objective toward which the nations of Asia are now striving just as eagerly as are those of the West...

...To "know" someone, it was conceded, is not necessarily to love him or even like him, but to regard him as an individual human being in his many complex dimensions...

...Only 33-year-old Richard H. Poff, youngest of the Southern Republican Congressmen, represents a more rural area, the eight-county Sixth District in western Virginia— which is also the home area of unsuccessful Republican Gubernatorial candidate Ted Dalton...

...If the national Republican leadership moves openly to aid them, it risks losing the prestige it received as a pro-civil-rights party through the Little Rock episode and other events...

...Several of the others, however, are extreme to the point of representing a Republican counterpart of the Southern Democratic reactionaries...

...When Reece went to Congress, in 1920, he was the youngest member of the House...

...Dalton asserted that the President's action was the major factor in the Republican setback, and was quoted as sadly remarking: "Little Rock was the big rock for me...

...America, he pointed out, had "very rightly avoided this attitude in dealings with the Soviet Union...

...Shortly after the troops arrived in Arkansas, there were scattered resignations by Southerners who held Republican party posts...

...In 1952, when Eisenhower swept a number of Southern states in his successful bid for the Presidency, four new Republican Congressmen were elected from the South...

...The Chinese," he said, "have adapted to their revolution the concepts of Karl Marx and they have fashioned their revolution in the image of the Russian Communist revolution...

...The two "pre-Eisenhower" Southern Republican Congressmen, B. Carroll Reece and Howard H. Baker, represent adjacent districts in eastern Tennessee but have little else in common...

...The other four are in more vulnerable positions and could end up as victims of this resentment...

...Nevertheless, India by no means excluded private enterprise from her economy, "either in theory or in practice...

...In India, they have fashioned their revolution along democratic lines inspired not by Karl Marx but by Thomas Jefferson and made in the image of the American Revolution...

...V. L. Pandit, Indian High Commissioner in Great Britain...

...Our leadership, he said, comes from all classes of society, and our business leadership deserves credit for the way it combines profit-making with community service...

...Jonas represents Charlotte and adjacent North Carolina counties...

...Baker's strength in his district amazes those who are skeptical of liberal appeal in the South...

...The conference seemed animated by a common feeling of good will, a kind of sentimental courtship of Asia that suggested nostalgia for the mission field, even in the tangled political jungle of the mid-20th century...

...UNESCO Group Meets in San Francisco By Adrienne Koch Department of Political Science, University of California Last month, the Sixth National Conference of the National Commission for UNESCO was held in San Francisco...

...On the other hand, "the Indian people are trying to do this thing the democratic way so that they can achieve both more bread and more freedom...

...Rrovhill and Cramer, though, arc conscientious moderates who will support liberal legislation...

...Theodore Roosevelt Dalton, who polled 45 per cent of the vote as the GOP Gubernatorial candidate four years ago, got only one-third of the half million votes cast this time...

...Now the picture has changed...

...Along similar lines, Walter Reu-ther declared that two types of social experiment were being conducted in Asia: a Communist one in China and a democratic one in India...

...All seven were Te-elected last year...

...The campaign was fought almost exclusively on the integration issue, and the final vote was a disaster for the Republicans...

...What kind of a record have the Southern Republicans made in Congress...

...Judging from their voting, all except Baker seem to lie conservatives in vaning degree...

...Baker, Broyhill and Reece can probably hold their own, even in the face of the present anti-Republican sentiment in the South...

...Of the 106 Congressmen from Southern states, seven are Republicans...

...Reuther predicted without qualification: "As India goes, so goes freedom's cause in Asia...

...the Denver-born Cramer, first GOP Congressman from Florida since Reconstruction days, represents St...

...If present trends hold, the GOP may even lose most of its present Representatives from the South...

...The day after Reuther's enthusiastically received speech, much the same audience applauded Ambassador U Thant of Burma, who told Americans it was high time we changed our policy on Red China...

...Consequently, population has skyrocketed in a part of the world already afflicted with extreme poverty, thus creating an explosive situation that has been aptly called "the population bomb...

...The other three are still in Congress: Joel T. Broyhill and Richard H. Poff of Virginia, and Charles R. Jonas of North Carolina...

...It contributed very little toward the kind of understanding that is based on critical analysis and the application of intelligence to the solution of vital human problems...

...Of these seven, five came to the House after Eisenhower's candidacy broke the "solid South," and thus they are particularly tied to his prestige in the South...

...Two other featured speakers were Ahmed Bokhari of Pakistan, an Under Secretary of the UN, and Mme...

...The conference undoubtedly promoted the type of understanding that is synonymous with a sympathetic but relatively uncritical attitude...

...He also absolved this country of the standard charge of "materialism...

...As a result, Reuther said, the people of China will get more bread (a questionable assertion which no one challenged), but "they will not win freedom...

...Last year, Baker was the only Tennessee Representative to back Federal aid for school construction, and he has stood alone in supporting other liberal legislation...

...Private initiative could not provide long-range programs of economic development like India's two five-year plans...

...Pandit declared, decided long ago that it wanted freedom and democracy, and it has "never departed from that stand...

...In 1954, also, Republicans Bruce Alger of Texas and William C. Cramer of Florida were elected to the House, raising the total Southern GOP contingent to seven...

...The theme of the conference was: "Asia and the United States: What the American Citizen Can Do to Promote Mutual Understanding and Cooperation...

...Herter, for example, distinguished between two kinds of cultural diplomacy: one which is a two-way street, and one which seeks merely to inject its own ideology...

...If Americans grasped these facts, the speaker said, and continued to aid the Indian Government's economic-development program, the way would be open for realistic Indian-American friendship...

...He first came into the public spotlight in 1946, when he became Republican National Chairman with the backing of the late Senator Robert A. Taft, only to be displaced two years later by a Thomas E. Dewey supporter...

...This would endanger future Republican Congressional and Presidential hopes in the big-city states of the North...

...He expressed confidence in "cultural diplomacy" as an essential factor in building world peace...

...in the last election, the Democrats did not even bother to oppose him...

...However, the latter is a term with more than one meaning...

...Consequently, he was publicly repudiated by members of his own investigating committee...

...As a result of improved medical techniques, the Asian death rate has declined markedly but there has been little change in the birth rate...

...On the other hand, he said, America, since it was free of the kind of "glorious past" claimed by most European nations, was also free of the burden of past sins and errors...

...But she added: "Unless we can convince each individual in the new nations of Asia that the promise of democracy can be fulfilled for him, his overwhelming material needs will ultimately break down his faith in democracy...

...The logical outcome of refusing to recognize Peking, seat it in the UN, or permit commercial and cultural relations with it, he warned, was inevitable conflict...

...Bokhari declared that Asia, usually thought of as "old," was actually young and aflame with revolutionary fervor, whereas Europe was old and tired...

...Nevertheless, it is unfortunate that today's Southern Republicanism may fall, because in the South—as in days of old—Republicanism once again has become identified with respect for human beings regardless of color...

...It is surely no secret that the Communist nations deliberately exploit Asia's population and other problems in order to undermine democratic societies...

...Before Little Rock, there had been a gradual growth of GOP strength in the South...

...However, any reference to such matters would have seemed like discourtesy and poor taste in the atmosphere of prearranged bureaucratic harmony prevailing at the conference...

...One of these, William C. Wampler of Virginia, subsequently lost his seat to a Byrd-supported Democrat in 1954...

...Under Secretary of State Christian A. Herter, the keynote speaker, stressed that this country, after giving UNESCO only cool and uncertain support during its first decade, was now convinced that the UN specialized agencies, "especially UNESCO," are playing an "increasingly vital role in the improvement of relations—between governments, yes, but more particularly between peoples...

...The San Francisco meeting may have contributed in some measure to its stated goal of U.S.-Asian understanding...

...only Government could do that...

...How can we expect our people to make repeated sacrifices for an abstract ideal unless they can see and taste and feel on their bodies some of the benefits of this ideal...

...He was, of course, seeking to contrast American efforts to achieve mutual understanding and Soviet exploitation of culture as just another weapon in its campaign of world conquest...

...Only four other Republicans in Congress were thus cited by ADA...

...As a group affiliated with a UN specialized agency, the UNESCO Commission also played down what is unquestionably the basic issue in the world today: the struggle between democracy and Communism...

...This was clear from Eisenhower's vote-getting success there during both his campaigns, and the increasing number of Southern Republican Congressmen...

...Yet, only one of the conference's discussion sections took up the intimate connection between rising populations and Asia's other pressures toward war and revolution...