National Reports:

...In Baton Rouge, where LSU is located, the union also found students going to work in telephone-company plants during the dispute...

...They "rejoice" with Aubrey N. Brown, Richmond editor of The Presbyterian Outlook, "that churchmen are courageously challenging an evil social order and proclaiming the demands of a Christ who does not bow to expediency, tradition, or a set of customs, however pleasant to some groups, which are out of line with his commands...

...As a result of the militant position taken by the churches in the South, and the vacuum created by the refusal of any other major groups in the area today to take a progressive attitude on this question, the churches stand in a new and, in many ways, unique position...

...Top authorities there warned the students that they were not to indulge in the "strikebreaking" activities...

...Senators Herbert Lehman, Wayne Morse, Frank Graham, Hubert Humphrey and Paul Douglas...

...Back in the '30s, according to the accepted stereotype, college radicals were lying knee-deep in classrooms, libraries and labs...

...London did not advocate a passive acceptance of even his own panacea: "Fight for Socialism or fight against it...

...Evans Clark, Leland Olds, the Raushenbushes and Ordway Tead at Amherst...

...Loyola University of New Orleans took a different tack...

...I want to know how many of them believe what they say and how many of them feel they have to compete with Roman Catholics...

...Laidler has written nine books, many pamphlets and countless articles and, like his close associate Norman Thomas, has pioneered many social changes...

...The churches have been building up to this for many, many years, but the Court decision seems to have opened wide the gates...

...The LID's list of annual award-winners includes Dr...

...Is this going to be the inevitable tie-up which companies will demand when they make donations to colleges in the future...

...Twenty years later in Louisiana, Southern Bell Telephone, struck by the CIO Communication Workers of America, found Tulane and Louisiana State University one of their best recruiting sources for strikebreakers...

...Such world figures as Pandit Nehru, Trygve Lie, Jan Masaryk, Walter Nash and Clement Attlee have joined in its activities...

...When union officials visited college officials, they were told that, of course, the University was neutral in the dispute...

...Among the many outstanding Americans who have paid eloquent tribute to the work of the League for Industrial Democracy is Dr...

...when the account of the meeting appeared in the newspaper the next morning, liberal statements were quoted without the names of their authors—at the request of these ministers...

...If an unusual amount of abuse is currently being heaped upon the shoulders of Southern churchmen, it is only an indication that a lot of people are violently opposed to the new role that they have assumed...

...Didn't they believe this before, or were they deceiving us...

...The battle has been joined on many fronts, including newspaper Letters-to-the-Editor columns, where church members may be seen from time to time declaring that the action of - Church does not speak for them...

...Their espousal of the cause of racial equality has brought a number of them into sharp collision with their congregations...

...With the change of name in 1921, the organization widened its scope to include labor, civic and professional groups and later adopted as its aim, "Education for increasing democracy in our economic, political and cultural life...

...It signifies to them a resurgence of the vitality and spirit that characterized the early days of Christian history, when to suffer for one's faith was the price paid for belief...

...Meeting only a day after the decision, the Provincial Department of Christian Social Relations, representing Episcopal dioceses from Louisiana to North Carolina, declared the decision "just and right...

...Give my hail to the students who include humanity among their humanities...

...A check by the union quickly determined that the strikebreakers were coming from Tulane University...

...I would sit down with the elders of my church and show them that our social customs are inconsistent with the teachings of our Lord...

...In May, the Supreme Court destroyed the first?the legal basis for segregation—by declaring that the "separate but equal doctrine" sent the Negro child out into the world a second-class citizen...

...London, as the first president of ISS, made a memorable trip to the campuses of Yale, Harvard and other colleges and implored the students "to think through the burning problems of the age" and not be content with "the passionless pursuit of passionless intelligence...

...The descendants of the "robber barons" have set up foundations, currently under attack from the pegheads and the reactionaries because they have considered social change...

...Among those who participated in the work of the ISS in its first decade were Paul H. Douglas and Randolph Bourne at Columbia University...

...Methodist, Catholic, Jewish and other church groups have taken similar positive stands, so that today there is no major religious body in the South that has not supported the Court decision...

...Eleanor Roosevelt...

...True enough, numbers of ministers sought to obtain greater economic and educational opportunities for him on a strictly segregated basis, but this was as far as they would go...

...educators John Dewey...

...Several days later, the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U.S...

...Almost overnight a flood of statements and pronouncements on the part of official church bodies appeared announcing their support...

...Since the Supreme Court has made its ruling, it is the duty of all Christians to respect that ruling and pray that God shall guide its implementing within the framework of mutual understanding and consideration...

...Perhaps a low point in "neutralism" was reached in 1936, when, at the second meeting of the Provincial Synod of the Protestant Episcopal Church, New Orleans, a resolution opposing lynching was speedily tabled as having nothing to do with religion...

...Recently, the writer attended a ministerial-association panel discussion on the role of the Church in desegregation...

...College Students Become Louisiana Strikebreakers By John Carmichael NEW ORLEANS PYSCHOLOGISTS, sociologists or experts in related fields might find some interesting material in the role that students played during the recent telephone workers' strike in the South...

...Selman Waksman at Rutgers...

...Other instances of dismissal are known...

...If I had that statement," he said, "I would be home right now...

...If this becomes a regular pattern in company-union disputes, it raises some serious questions...

...This attack on church leadership is one of an increasing number of signs that reveal a significant development growing out of the Supreme Court decision on desegregation...

...Emerson once said that an institution is the extended shadow of a. man...

...Half-Century of Service Celebrated by the LID By Mark Starr MEN OF LETTERS associated themselves with social protests at least a generation before the "angry decade" and the prolet-cult of the 1930s...

...Meanwhile, Sinclair, then 27, interrupted the writing of his famous exposure of Chicago stockyards, The Jungle, to wrap and mail ISS literature to inquirers...

...Even at Tulane, the union found some sentiment against student strikebreaking...

...Many of the LID's "heresies" of 50 years ago have become embodied in the laws of our land...

...London and Sinclair, joined by Morris Hillquit, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Clarence Darrow, B. 0. Flower (Editor, Twentieth Century Magazine), Leonard Abbott (Editor, Current Literature) and others, issued the initial call for formation of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society...

...This group was very helpful in combating the "scabs...

...Its aim was to promote among young men and women in the universities an intelligent understanding of the labor and social problems and philosophies of that day...

...Some of these may now regard their membership in the LID as the sowing of intellectual wild oats, but few would regret the stimulation they received...

...There were no reports of disobedience of these instructions...

...The League's basic contribution, however, is still its work among college students through its various chapters and lecture activities, reinforced by extensive pamphlet publication...

...One has but to look back 15 or 20 years to see the road they have travelled...

...Although a number of ministers had become increasingly disturbed then by the moral question posed by the position of the Negro, for the most part the churches did not meet the issue squarely...

...In New Orleans, the striking workers were surprised to find co-eds and Joe College crew-cut types pouring through the picket lines during the early days of the dispute...

...The same thing was true in Georgia, where Georgia Tech students were taken on as temporary workers...

...Carroll Binder, Heywood Broun, Lewis Gannett and Walter Lippmann at Harvard...

...George S. Counts and Harry A. Overstreet...

...Nor have the Church and churchmen been uniformly courageous...

...In 1905, Jack London and Upton Sinclair were the leading spirits in founding the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, which became the League for Industrial Democracy in 1921 and which is now celebrating its fiftieth anniversary...

...labor leaders William Green, George Meany, Philip Murray and Walter Reuther...

...Many of the most outspoken liberal churchmen on racial questions are the first to admit that their own houses of worship are not yet in order...

...be alive...

...To look back is to look forward with increased hope...

...Babette Deutsch at Barnard...

...Southern), by a 2-1 vote, adopted a series of far-reaching recommendations, which had been worked out months before, urging "local churches" to "admit persons to membership and fellowship on the Scriptural basis of faith in the Lord Jesus Christ without reference to race...

...In discussing the church's new role of leadership in the South today, we do not mean to imply that there are no dissenting voices...

...Ralph J. Bunche, who recently declared: "It is in large measure because- of the persistent and often heroic efforts by organizations such as yours, representing the great and free voice of the American people, that the United States is today a dynamic and progressive society, and that democracy assumes an increasingly vital meaning to every American...

...His voice harsh with resentment, Story launched into a bitter tirade against churchmen who had taken an advanced position on this question...

...In the case of the LID, that man is Harry W. Laidler, who, while a Wesleyan undergraduate, became a member of the first Executive Committee...

...The League's student groups during the Twenties and early Thirties attracted men and women of exceptional caliber, including Walter Reuther, who was president of the Wayne University chapter, William L. Shirer, Andrew J. Biemiller, Sidney Hook, Max Lerner, Charles Luck-man, Talcott Parsons, Will Rogers Jr., Irving Stone, Monroe Sweetland, Jerry Voorhis and James A. Wechsler...

...Waksman and Dr...

...Everett R. Clinchy at Wesleyan...

...This is only to say that church pronouncements are beginning to set the moral tone on this question in the South, and helping to knock out the second of the three basic props on which public school segregation rests...

...The scene was the hearings of the Governor's Commission on Public Education to chart Virginia's course on desegregation in the public schools...

...Since 1910, he has been Executive Director...

...But it was pointed out that the University had no control over the affairs of its students where after-school jobs were concerned...

...In Georgia, for example, Pastor Robert Trotman of the Brons-wood Baptist Church was forced to resign after preaching a sermon in which he called the Supreme Court decision "just and right and Christian...

...Vincent Millay at Vassar...

...Irate church groups on state and local levels, as well as individual clergymen and laymen, have protested the actions of their groups and scored their leaders...

...Inez Milholland and Edna St...

...They will be happy in their usefulness, and if they are not, they will not mind their unhappiness," wrote William Dean Howells to one of the early conferences of the ISS...

...The colleges have now more social consciousness than when President Theodore Roosevelt asserted that "there was not a conspiracy of predatory wealth in this country that was not backed by Harvard brains...

...Bunche...

...Now the churches have come along and said that the doctrine is false in the eyes of God...

...The essential fact that emerges, however, is the determination and courage of churchmen in making desegregation a moral issue...

...The importance of these statements may be better understood by citing the following incident: After the adoption of the recommendations of the Presbyterian Church, U.S., a minister from Alabama was seen eagerly searching for a copy...

...During its first 16 years, the Society confined its attention largely to helping young students get an orientation in the social philosophies and organized movements of their time...

...National Reports Southern Churches Back Supreme Court By Murray Friedman RICHMOND SEVERAL MONTHS ago, William J. Story Jr., Superintendent of Schools for South Norfolk, strode to the microphone in front of the stage of the Mosque in Richmond...

...Selig Perlman at the University of Wisconsin...

...A fantastic question...

...Again and again this theme was repeated during the hearings, reaching a climax when William Stephenson, a shipyard worker of Newport News, demanded to know, "Where were they [the ministers] before May 17...

...For the churches in the South—and by this is meant the governing bodies and leadership of all the major denominations and faiths—have become the leading force in seeking to change the social patterns that have characterized this area for more than 300 years...

...Shortly thereafter, the Southern Baptist Convention (11,000 delegates from white Baptist congregations with an estimated 7 million members) heard its president declare, "As Christians we are to love all men regardless of color, even as God does...

...Students have belatedly acted upon the appeal of Jack London "to cease sitting quietly in their cool libraries and turning the pages of lifeless books...

...That the Church and its leaders have come under attack for their views, however, is a source of satisfaction to many people...

...Few economists now openly admire "social Darwinism" and use it to rationalize the cut-throat, wasteful competition and the unbridled exploitation of 50 years ago...

...Yet, the very-idea of using students to break a strike seemed fantastic a few months ago...

...Raise your voices one way or another...

...Some 2,000 people from all over the state had come to listen and testify...

...Bruce Bliven at Stanford...

...And, according to the union, it was paying the students much more than the normal pay of regular employes...