SENATE QUIZ RECALLS ATOM BIRTH; USSR STILL MAIN PEACE BLOCK
Sack, Arkady J.
Senate Quiz Recalls Atom Birth; USSR Still Main Peace Block Baruch-Lilienthal Proposal For World Atom Cooperative Stymied at UN by Soviets By Arkady J. Sack THE SENATE'S CURRENT INVESTIGATION...
...Isotopes were also supplied to more than 300 medical, biological, chemical, agricutural and industrial U. S. laboratories...
...Frederick H Osborn, Deputy U S. Representative on the UN Atomic Energy Commission, after long and tedious experience with the Soviet del egates, arrived at the same conclusion...
...Quotas, assigning to each nation its share of world atomicpower, would be determined in advance and written itno a treaty...
...In a memorandum to President Truman at Potsdam, Stimson observed, It becomes clear that no permanently safe international relations can be established between two such fundamentally different national systems [as the Russian and the American], With the best of efforts we cannot understand each other...
...l We have entered the Atomic Age...
...DAVID E. LILIENTHAL...
...We must elect World Peace or World Destruction...
...After thirty months of incessant ef fort, in the face of continuous obstruction by Soviet Russia's delegates, the UN Atomic Energy Commission pre sented to the General Assembly a plan which was...
...On June 14, lfMtf, Baruch presented his momentous proposal which, in collaboration with other UN delegations —including those of Canada, China, Fiance and Great Britain—evolved into a UN plan for international atomic control...
...Stmisni met Stalin face to face and beratndeeply disturbed by his "first direct observation of the Russian police stat-» in action...
...It interferes with prompt development of far-reaching peaceful uses of atomic energy...
...Most of the arguments advanced against the plan by th* Russian* a*d sj»efc satellites ara those you would axpact from a reactionary or conservative capitalist state...
...He "saw clearly the massive brutality of the Soviet system and th» total suppression of freedom inflicted by the Russian leaders first on their own people, and then on those whose lands they occupied...
...What has been done is the greatest achievement of organized science in history...
...The overwhelming importance of the discovery of the atom was immediately recognized in the United States when President Truman, on August 6, 1945, announced to the world: "Sixteen hours ago an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima, an important Japanese Army base . . . It is an atomic bomb...
...Sewtpaper headline...
...THE UN PLAN for international atomic control is based on the fundamental fact that all effective atomic energy is derived from one or another of three materials: uranium 235, uranium 233, and plutonium...
...It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe...
...The UN plan provides for ownership by an International Control Agency of all atomic "source materials, nuclear fuels and dangerous facilities...
...But this is another Category in which the deficit 1s large...
...but still thai seems to be the case...
...Baruch's document will remain one of the most significant of our time, for, as he then warned...
...All that he got for his trouble was a cussing out...
...To winch he adds: "A world cooperative in this field is very close to being the first great experiment in world socialism...
...Waste is always bad...
...Undr Lilienthal's direction, the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission has been doing an excellent job for trying to strike such a balance—a task especially difficult of accomplishment under the security conditions imposed upon us by the Kremlin's policy...
...But always bearing Toward the left WALKS OF LIFE oouiet Organ Lashes Biologist far Ascribing Man's Ills to Practice Qf Walking Upright...
...This has nothing to do with waste...
...Since government ex penses are sure to run to $3 billions more than the income in sight from taxes, Congresmen face the alternative which so often distresses the private householder: Either they must cut expenses or increase income Becau.- ' they lack the courage to seize either horn of the dilemma, they allow the looming deficit to loom There is no doubt that a budget as varied as ours contains items which could be cut...
...These are only two of the centers of what has become the "largest, most complete and most extensive scientific, educational, industrial, technical and weaponeering undertaking in the his tory of the world...
...But the oppi essors of the Russian people have become the main obstacle to universal pei mancnt peace, and to a political, economic, cultural and spiritual renaissance such as civilization has never known...
...It has to do with prudent spending, which is an entirely different thing...
...June 14 marks the third anniversary of Bernard M. Baruch's proposal to the UN containing the basic principles for effective international control of atomic energy...
...Achieving ec>nomy in this way would take legislative planning...
...Newspaper headline...
...Xeicspaper headline...
...ON COURSE Agents Testify Miss Coplon Pollowed Zip-Zap Course, to Meeting with Gubitchev...
...Russia included...
...The Kremlin is thus the chief obstruction to effective international atomic control...
...We don't know who's right in this battle of wordsCm* scientists malui their mistakes...
...approved, November 4, 1948...
...I see little hope for the peace of the world, including, indeed, the international control of atomic energy, until the Curtain is raised...
...icv toward atomic energy would b~> diieetlv connected with Soviet Russia " * * * AT POTSDAM in July 1»4...
...Food is short everywhere...
...But"Since the Soviet leaders- not the Russian people, who have never known the American proposal, but the Soviet leaders have vetoed the American dream of a world free of I he threat of atomic destruction, we must continue manufacturing atomic weapons...
...Any country which has large power plants run on atomic fuels will also have atomic explosives to blow up other parts of the world...
...SOME OF THE STRIDES made in application of atomic energy to medical research were described to a Senate Committee on June 15, 1948, by Atomic Energy Commissioner Lewis L. Strauss...
...and build, own and operate all refining plants, all plants for making nuclear fuels., and all plants for producing electric power from nuclear fuels...
...K bear trap is meant to catch the bear...
...At Boston, on January 15, 1948, he declared: "Beyond the free democracies is the darkness of the Iron Curtain...
...There are no Russian neutrons or British neutrons or American neutrons...
...Though very much confined by secrecy measures, the AEC has already organized broad international scientific cooperation in the study of the peaceful application of atomic ( nergy to many fields...
...Exactly one year after Hiroshima the President signed the McMahon Bill, which established government control of atomic energy within the borders of the U. S. A. under the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission...
...The removal of this obstruction is dictated by all the forces of histoiy and man's survival...
...While Strauss did not claim that the long-sought-for cure for cancel' had been found, he described the new developments as a "break-through" in man's light against that diead killer...
...ZlG-ZAG her faring...
...The President further stated, "the fact that we can release atomic energy ushers in a new era in man's understanding of nature's forces...
...ttt|dj w« an sura oft when minds ¥*n^aniwl oa their bellies like Richard Armour Am Editorial— Sound Economy PUNSTERS REPORT that in tr, present crisis our national legislators are giving us more sound than economy...
...The situation's rather rare— If true, one quite regrets it...
...And rather deft...
...It imposes upon the entire human race—Russia included—the everincreasing burden of military budgets which have aready leached the staggering total of nearly 40 billion dollars annually...
...The beneficent consequences of the exploitation of this force wiU affect all men...
...Last week Senator Josep.i C. O'Mahoney of Wyoming stepped int > the breach by proposing that th" "Bureau of th* Budget be a*ked to pat the budget under the operation of an expert shrinking process The completion of the unification of national de fense would obviously save some billions annually So would enactmer' into law of the recommendations of th--* Hoover Commission...
...But here, instead, he sets it...
...Three weeks ago Senator Paul Douglas of Illinois offered some likely candidates for paring in what used to be called the Rivers and Harbors Bill...
...But tear of war must not freeze peaceful atomic use...
...public invest ment slides into its place...
...BEAR FACTS Dewey Tells West to Beware Bear Trup...
...He reported that results ranging fom "impressive" to "astonishing" have been achieved by cancer researchers using radio isotopes of gold and iodine produced in the uranium pile at Oak Ridge, Tennessee...
...The ABC has to deal with, says Lilientiial, "an elemental process which is at once • ¦ ¦ a key to knowledge, a means of therapy, a source of power and a weapon of devastating destructiveness...
...USSR Still Main Peace Block Baruch-Lilienthal Proposal For World Atom Cooperative Stymied at UN by Soviets By Arkady J. Sack THE SENATE'S CURRENT INVESTIGATION of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission makes it necessary for all intelligent citizens to recall the still-fresh origins of what may go down in history as th^ Atomic Age, and of the progress—or lack of it—which humanity has recorded since the day the first atomic bomb exploded on Hiroshima and Nagasaki...
...It is strange that a proposal involving the theory oi world socialism should find greater acceptance in capitalist than in so-called socialist countries, such as the U.S.S.R...
...Chairman of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, referring to the immeasurable, fundamental force" contained in atomic energy, has pointed out: "The planet is its natural theater of exploitation...
...Soviet obstructionism has compelled this country to pnoceed, as it must, with the production and accumulation of atomic weapons...
...Stimson...
...Toward the end of 194U, iadioaclive atoms (isotopes) were supplied by the AEC to "2 countiies and weie used in more than 1,000 icseaich projects—an act recently condemned by Senator Hickenlooper but which was shown by Lilienthal to have had no military significance...
...Government affairs should be run so that, as pnvat:-¦ investment slackens off...
...Despite the necessity for maintaining secrecy—and, the Hickenlooper investigation notwithstanding, utmost secrecy has been kept—"exciting things artgoing on at Rochester in medicine and at Schenectady in the production of useful power," according to Lilienthal...
...Russia included...
...Cancer exists everywhere...
...by o vote of 40 to 0. Only Russia and its satellites voted against The need for truly effective inter national atomic control was foreseen by the then Secretary of War Henry L Stimson as early as April 1045—four months before Hiroshima and Nagasaki...
...You can't really segregate peacetime use from potential military use...
...And not least in Russia...
...The agency would buy and own all uranium- and thorium-bearing ores as soon as taken from the ground...
...Power is needed everywhere...
...As Osborn puts it, "for the first time, the world is faced with the problem of a useful fuel u>/ucfi is also an explosive for a bomb...
...for economy National spending an i taxing should be keyed to the stat1 ! of the country's economy...
...Arkady J. Sack served as senior economist with the War Production Board from 1842 to 194411 His books include "The Birth oi Russian Democracy" and "Russia's Economic Future...
...Atomic energy may in the future supplement the power that now comes from coal, oil and falling water...
...Our task is to strike a wise balance between peaceful and military development...
...Once nuclear power became economical, each nation would have the right to receive power under its quota from the Agency Osborn has defined the Agency as "in effect, a world cooperative, of which all nations would be members, and from which all nations would derive their equitable and predetermined proportion of benefit...
...It was to free atomic energy for usefulness," said Baruch, "that the American people took the bold and unprecedcntedly generous action of offering to give up this, the most powerful weapon in history, on one condition-that no other nation be able to make the bomb...
...A new era dawns on humanity...
...These elements may in the near future be used to produce industrial power.' But they can, under certain known conditions, give off their energy all at once in explosions of terrific violence...
...Whereupon Stimson asked himself: "Could there be any settlement of lasting value with the Soviet Russia of Stalin...
...who was responsible f>r all major policy decisions concerning atomic use and development, state 1 then that "it is already apparent th;.' the critical questions in American p...
...Unless waste can be lessened at points such as these, this is not a tin...
Vol. 32 • June 1949 • No. 24
