WHAT IS A CHINESE LIBERAL?
Fitch, Geraldine T.
Query to General Marshall: What Is A Chinese Liberal? BuGeraldine T. Fitch IN hij statement on China, George C. Marshall said: "The salvation of the situation would be the assumption of...
...Mao Tze-tung in his New Democracy says: The Communist^philosophy and Dr...
...Oi do you, Mr...
...Sun is a member of the Kuomintang and of its Central Executive Committee of 12, she is pro-Communist, (by any liberal yardstick) is pro-totalitarian...
...It instructs them (1) "To prevent the transportatioir of Nationalist Government troops to Manchuria (as provided for in the Marshall agreement of January 10, 1946), (2) "To estrange-relations between the United States and Chiang Kai-shek," (3) "To continue the civil war to overthrow the National Government even while negotiating," and...
...from Moscow to the Chinese Communists since the war...
...Fitch was a feature writer for the "China Dally News" in Shalnghai...
...Tee Party Ueber Alias ThIS the American people do npt seem to understand: that a Communist is a Communist, regardless of race, color of future condition of servitude...
...The Democratic League The Democratic League is mistakenly considered liberal.by many Americans...
...Does it not seem like dangling a bit of meat before a hungry kitten, saying: "If you get strong enough to stand alone, we'll feed you...
...LI Ll-san wis kept there for 16 years...
...2. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formally organized - at .Shanghai on July 1, 102...
...7. In 1926 ths Communists tried to gain control of ths Whampoa Academy, also to seize the Canton Arsenal, but failed...
...In the United States, Mrs...
...W. W. Yen, Dr...
...Another American military man, who also has had long and close contact with the Generalissimo, i. e., General Albert C. Wedemeyer, pays him high tribute for "his unselfish devolion to the Chinese people snd his earnest desire to provide a democratic way of life within China...
...Quo, Tai-chi, now on the Security Council of U.N., and Dr...
...Sun Yatsen (II), became the spokesman ot tKe Chinese Communists and their American friends, Sun Fo invited his own Mother to Shanghai and gave a reception in her honor...
...Would you, Mr...
...Since the above statement Constitutes General Marshall's sole reference to the head of the Chinese state, it would seem to indicate that he regarded the Generalissimo as the unquestioned leader of the liberals...
...When feuds arose within ths party In Chins, Moscow sent such Communists as Mleff, ths Russian, or Roy, ths Indian, to direct affairs In China...
...In 1944 they are described by Theodore White as "moving from success to success in North China," then "sweeping like a prairie fire over Eastern China," then "speeding north...
...James Yen of the Mass Education Movement, Dr...
...But now, in his position as Secretary of State, he owes it to his country to determine whether the record of 'the Chinese Communists indicates a primary loyalty to their country or to Moscow...
...12...
...Tactics may change, as have those of Browder in America, Thorez in Prance, or Tito in Yugoslavia, but the goal never changes, i. e., the proletarian dictatorship of tho world...
...C. T. Wang, Ambassador Wellington Koo Dr...
...8. In 1927 the Chinese Communists with the aid of Borodin and other advisers, usurped the power of government in Hankow, caused the "Nanking incident" to discredit Chiang Kai-shek, and withdrew from the Kuomintang...
...fine men In tbe diplomatic service like: Alfred Sze, Dr...
...Among these are Dr...
...Because: As goes China, so goes the world...
...Although Mme...
...called Chiang Kai-shek the "George Washington of China...
...Is it not fantastic that the United States, repudiating Communism for our own country, barring known Communists from positions of trust in our national defense, appointing committees on" UnAmerican Activities and investigating disloyal persons within government employ, should try to force Communism upon China...
...As a filial Chinese, he his also loyal to his own Mother, who ia still living...
...Remember this constitution was unanimously approved on Christmas Day in the National Assembly amid cheers of "Long live the Republic...
...Their two parties broke with the rest ol the Democratic League and participated in the Constitutional Assembly...
...Is it not unrealistic to ear-mark a 500 million-dollar loan for China—pitifully inadequate to China's needs for rehabilitation and reconstruction—and then condition it upon unity with those instructed "to prevent American loans and assistance to the Republic of China...
...Nevertheless, it has appeared me that there is « definite liberal group among the Communists, especially of young men who have tinned to the Communists in disgust at the corruption evident in the local governments—men who would put the interest of the Chinese people above ruthless measures to establish a Communist ideology in the immediate future," It Is this statement which raises ths question) What Is a liberal 1 And by what yardstick does General Marshal] measure a Chinese liberal...
...It was China's present leadership which succeeded in adopting what General Marshall calls "a democratic constitution, which in all major respects is in accordance with the principles laid down by the Political Consultative Con-, ference, of last January," when all minority parties including the Communist* participated...
...Sun's San Min Chu I "are contrary to each other," and there is no question as to where their allegiance lies...
...Do we khow yet whether we support democratic reform or Communism in China...
...In other word/, Generals Marshall and Wedemeyer regard President Chiang as a democratic leader and liberal despite the smear campaign of the last three years against him...
...5. Whenever Moscow was displeased with the way things were going in China, the Chinese leaders wars called there...
...T. V. Soong, Premier and formerly head of China Defense Supplies...
...Wong Wen-hao, dis4 tinguished geologist and Minister of Economics, Genersl Chan Chung, Minister of War...
...Secretary, agree that in order to be recognized as a political party the Chinese Communists would have to give up their independent army...
...Do you feel then that the Government of China could do more than to give equality vf opportunity to all political parties to test their strength in free and unfettered elect ions...
...Fitch has contributed to the "New York Times" and the,"Chlnn Monthly.' She was tho only woman before Pearl Harbor who testified before the Senate and House Foreign Relations Committees In favor of an embargo „ en scrap Iron to Japan...
...O. K. Yui, Minister of Finance, Dr...
...4. The Sixth (and last) Congress of the CCP was held in 1928-not in China —but In Moscow...
...When Chairman Chen objected, he was Informed by Malin that instructions of the Third International could not be ignored or disregarded...
...9. In 1930-31 the CCP organized a Soviet Republic' in the heart of China with its own...
...Sun Yat-sen and Dr...
...This leads us to further query our new Secretary of State...
...When Mao Tze-tung in his New Democracy says: "The world now depends on Communism for its salvation, and so doea China," he is talking about the same thing as Stalin in The October Revolution and the National Question or in the documents which constitute Blueprint For World Conquest...
...Sun Fo is a loyal son of a liberal father, which makes him loyal to Chiang Kai-ahek as the disciple of his father...
...P. C. Chang, now on UNESCO...
...There are far too many liberals in the National Government to enumerate htre...
...3. The Third International Instructed the CCP to join the Kuomintang aa individual members and . bore from within...
...In final form, longer and more liberal than the draft presented ten years ago—the adoption of which was delayed by the war—it stipulates that all political parties shall be equal before the law...
...In 1937 the Communists formed a United Front with their government to fight the Japanese invaders...
...Litnovsky and Malin were sent to China to organize branches...
...army, government, currency and laws...
...Secretary, feel that democratic America should still attempt to high-pressurj Chiang Kai-shek to "welcome" into his government those who are pledged to its overthrow...
...another great scholar and outspoken political leader is Fu Ssu-nicn, director of the Academia Sinica...
...Successful action on their part under the leadership of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek would, I believe, lead to unity through good government...
...She also wrote for John B. Powell's "China Weekly Review...
...Tso Shuen-sheng, delegate to the San Francisco Conference, and Li Huang, both of the Youth Party, should be counted...
...T. K. Chang ot San Francisco, Dr...
...Uu shih, great philosopher and former Ambassador to the United States...
...Chang Po-lin, president of Nankai University, elder statesman, Dr...
...Notice No...
...Some of China's best-known liberals are members of no party...
...Whatever one's definition of the principles of liberalism—with an essential inclusion, of respect-for the God-given rights of the individual—will not* the same definition apply anywhere in the world, regardless of race, creed or nationality...
...Americans are very slow to learn that Communists in any country may be Marxist, must be Stalinist, and owe a primary allegiance to Moscow which takes them in and out of cooperation with their own governments in a manner that would be highly embarrassing to any but fanatical zealots...
...I submit the following as the significant highlights: 1. In 1920 Vitinsk (or Vytinsky) was sent to China by the Third International to organize "Societies for the Study of Marxism" and to publish a "Communist Monthly...
...Wang Chung-hul, former president of the World Court...
...Aa for the Kuomintang, it is amusing to have American friends of the Chinese Communists name Mme...
...for the rich prize of Manchuria," in a bold attempt to conquer the country for themselves...
...11 u Lin is the courageous editor of the independent and influential daily Ta Knit// I'ao...
...To save China to the democratic, liberal way of life may be to preserve the peace of the world...
...But by and large the Democratic League has followed the lead of the Chinese Communists, never criticizing their totalitarian regime, refusing to join in the National Assembly, and (as late aa January 28, 1947) holding antiAmerican meetings, demanding that the United States "stop aid to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek...
...The above instructions show clearly that the Marshall mission to China was doomed to failure from the beginning, because the Chinese Communists were under instructions to which they owed primary allegiance at variance with the whole plan of cooperation and coalition with the National Government of China.' General Marshall is right when ha says the salvation of the situation in China "would be the assumption of leadership by the liberals...
...When this Soviet was broken up by government troops, the retreat to the Northwest cut a swathe of depredation thru Weat China, and the young missionaries, John and Betty Stam, were beheaded along with many well-to-do Chinese...
...Tsunechi of Rome or George Yeh, who so conspicuously befriended Americans stranded in Singapore after Pearl Harbor...
...Carson Chang, head of the Social-Democrat Party (brother of the railroad expert, Chang Kai-gau) is one...
...Define him as you will,—with the essential inclusion that the Party is everything, the individual nothing...
...16 of the Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist International (ostensibly dissolved in 1943) was presented in translation to President Truman by the American China Policy Association with proof of its authenticity...
...Or like saying to a airk friend, "If you recover, I'll give you a shot of penicillin...
...China CP Since the War El VERY milepost in the above record indicates their close political affiliation with Moscow...
...eonauls like Dr...
...Wu 1-fan, president of Ginling College for Women, delegate to San Francisco, and a member of the presidium of (he People's Political Council, are others...
...Many friends of China might wish he had said more, but he evidently did not feel it necessary to elaborate upon, or .to defend, his statement...
...Can we not agree that a liberal is a liberal the world around...
...Mrs...
...Her husband waa the Secretary of the YMCA in China, and aha bad an opportunity to observe life in China on all lecels: the status of tho "little" man as well as the activities, personalities and pronouncements of the mighty...
...No American viewpoint to my knowledge has challenged this statement, (hough some have omitted the reference to General Chiang...
...P. H. Chang of New York, Dr...
...It is very possible that when General Marshall was sent to China he felt ha would be a more impartial moderator in the negotiations if he had no preconceived notions about the Chinese Communists...
...The area of disagreement probably lies in the corollary to this, viz: that a Communist is a Communist the world around...
...Some of those best known abroad are: Dr...
...When last spring, his step-mother, Mme...
...Sun Fo as its leading—if not its only—liberals...
...Years in China My years in China almost parallel the history oflhe Chinese Communist Party...
...And what about instruction...
...mere are liberals within the minority parties which grouped together to form the League...
...Undoubtedly some liberals, politically naive or confused, have affiliated with these parties in protest against bureaucracy and inefficiency in the one-party rule (now ending), unaware that the Democratic League is a Communist Front...
...under the Generalissimo," but he is mistaken in thinking to find liberals in a totalitariancamp...
...When the Stalin-Matsuoka Pact was signed, recognizing Japan's puppet state of Manchukuo, the Chinese Communists also recognized this "steal" from their nation...
...BuGeraldine T. Fitch IN hij statement on China, George C. Marshall said: "The salvation of the situation would be the assumption of leadership by the liberals in the Government and.in the minority parlies, a splendidfiroup of men, but who as yet lack the politieal power to exercise a controlling influence...
...To prevent American loans and assistance to the Republic of China...
...There may be, as he believes, "young men who have turned to the Communists in disgust at the corruption evident in the local governments," but they could not—if they would—"put the interest of the Chinese people above ruthless measure* to establish a Communist ideology.'* The Communist leaders are completely • disciplined, completely ruthless, com-" pletely dedicated to the goal of proletarian dictatorship of China as an indispensable part of the world revolution.' And they hold the rank and file in line...
...With the signing of the Hitler-Stalin Pact, the United Front in China broke down, and Chiang was then called "dictator," "fascist," "gangster" and "ruffian," 11...
...THE PLIGHT OF CHINA GERALD1NE FITCH'S knowledge of China la based on twenty-live years' residence in and extensive study of that country...
...In looking for liberals as the h«pe of China, General Marshall says: • "On the side of the Chinese Communist Party, are, { believe, liberals as well an ladicals, though this view is vigorously opposcd\ by men who believe that the Chinese Communist Party discipline is too rigidly enforced to admit of such differences of viewpoint...
Vol. 30 • February 1947 • No. 7
