MOLOTOV THE SECOND

...Kazan, where this writer lived at the time, was a large administrative center, with state officials constituting a high percentage of the populace...

...While Stalin had every reason to assume a name derived from the word "steel," Molotov ("mvlvt" means hammer) took his because he thought that as a Bolshevik he should have a hammer's hardness...

...Bolshevism imbued il* follows with a peculiar sense ol duty toward the party, a feeling that justified the commission of any crime...

...He pressed the acquired knowledge into the narrow limits of his adopted doctrine, and inteipreted it in conformity with his party's tenets...

...Molotov met Stalin at the age ol "2...

...There were circles conspicuous for their many-sided and intensive spiritual interests, with a variety of ideas critically studied and vividly discussed...

...The tew leaflets which reached the streets of the Paris suburbs were promptly picked up by the police...

...In this "good uncle," with nothing mysterious or morbid about him, his old friends—those few who have survived—would recognize the demure young Skriabin, who used to iday the violin with feelirnr, arnicas this writer vu told hv his friends, 'took pride in his kinship witti ih« famous composer...

...What did change was the role played by his party...

...manifestly unwilling to state his true reasons...

...JMmM Wlisriilfiriiiiiilils aussisms, which mm aattstsd ndth bis habitual scrnpulons«4k...

...But it was also a cultural center, and its intelligentsia included tlements which were among the best educated and most progressive in Russia...

...According to eye-witnesses, Lenin was in a.very nervous state, and . jsaa...

...This association has lasted for a quarter of a century...

...The first "renovation" took place in January, 1926...

...Johnston, you really didn't expert Mr...

...In 1930 Molotov became Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars < Sovnarkoni...

...VaiipaaUy, the secretaries had an equal statu, but in reality one of them was ''•rat, Until 1921 this position was occupied by Krestiusky, who was later sent lata honorary exile as Ambassador to Germany...

...At present this party is the foundation of a ruthless dictatorship, which haj stifled every vestige of freedom and trampled underfoot the rights of man...

...As to Molotov, said Lenin, he of course still lacks stature for the post of first secretary, but he has been to severely assailed: he is still a young map, clever and very diligent, and under good guidance will grow...

...Kamenev was lemoved from the Politburo...

...Molotov invites the children to his house, serves them dainty food, and when the children grab the delicacies, he reproves them...

...During the first months the paper was actually headed by Stalin, who had tied fioiii deportation and was in hiding from the pursuing police...

...Bui soon these friends disappeared, leaving no trace...

...One may accept or reject the ideology of Hitlerism as well as any other ideological system...

...He embraced an unwavering faith in the infallibility of the party and the leader who personified the party...

...In these long years Molotov surely has had ample opportunity to study not only Stalin's views and intentions, but also his method of solving newly arising problems...

...But so far, no clashes between them hit vi m.urred, and Molotov remains Stalin's invaluable and blamelessly loyal assistant...

...Now and then Molotov fails to find the "Stalinist" solution...

...The present Molotov is quite unlike the young revolutionist of '10 (he is 66 now...

...Bat ^Mkcaa aecrotams of the party were aaan* or lata Infected with "Trotakyism...

...Molotov also completed his school studies, and passed his last examinations so successfully that he was admitted to the economic division of the Petersburg Politechnical Institute, open only to candidates with the highest marks...

...Tins was a bandy device to find,ready answers to all questions, answeis that were common to every true Holshctik...

...I.atei, as Dim-tor of the Institute of Marx-F.ngelsl.enin, lie was a member of the Soviet Academy of Science...

...Between the two there exists a kind of well-established harmony...

...Lenin taught Bolsheviks to be "tough," and they took pride in choosing appropriate aliases...

...According to Ins biographer, he "studied the basie works of Marxism...

...He became one of the "Kazan Bolsheviks," known for their strict orthodoxy...

...A faithful friend, he was prone to be rather sentimental...

...His knowledge of the Soviet Union comes from his protracted study over a number of yesrs of that country, of the events leading to the Russian Revolution and of ensuing developments...

...Until then members of the Politburo .were: Bnkharin, Kamenev, Kykov, Stalin, Tomsky, Trotsky and Zinoviev, of whom Stalin is now the only survivor...

...Yet full Hedged Bolshevik that he was, he never hesitated to betray old comrades or close friends...

...He was a serious, thoughtful boy...

...And when they met again In 1917, In the period of 'be ^iswj»j*fst| OffWPnHit, he old comm...

...A New Leader Profile: Molotov the Second Life History of a Soviet Diplomat By George Denicke IN November of 1039, in (he midst of the "phony" war, German planes made an attempt to diop propaganda leaflets on Paris...

...And Molotov took the pe*l for which he secats to have been bern— that of Stalin's "second...

...It may be that he is one of those who become rude when they try to repress their inborn softness, and grow arrogant when, swayed by the will of a superior, they are anxious to show their independence...

...After that decrees were signed by him as the official head of the Government, and Stalin as General Secretary of the party...

...To him Stalin, his elder by ten V'»"> appealed an old, tested Bolshevik, tuuvhened in the struggle...

...He was later purged by 6ta£tn...

...In May, 1941, Stalin, until then General Secretary of the party, took the office of Chairman of the Sovnarkoni, leaving Molotov Commissar, now Minister of Foreign Affairs...

...This was one year after the 1905 revolution, in which he took part, swept MOLOTOV: ASSISTANT DICTATOR George Denicke is a prominent journalist and political analyst...

...At present, he is one of the editors of the new political Modern Review, soon to make its appearance...

...Even in the presence of third persons Stalin somelimes does not withhold derogatory remarks about Molotov (as was the rase with Eric Johnston, to whom be said: "Mr...

...He accomplished this, step by step...

...Even when young Molotov was or* ganizing Bolshevik groups among high school students, ha followed blindly the authority of his superiors in the party, especially of the supreme leader, l,enin...

...of the Government and Minister of foreign Affairs, has stood out among the Soviet dignitaries by his modesty and his temperate habits...

...Therefore he ran conduct Stalin'* policy without getting instructions in every case...

...in such cases be receives strict orders which he follows implicitly...

...Having served his two-year term of deportation, he went to Petersburg in 1911...

...He has not indulged in wild revelries, and has not veered from one mistress to another...

...Molotov was then a high school student in Kazan, where he lived until his arrest in April, 1909...

...Today he is usually able independently to take the aam* stsnd that Stalin would take...

...Later Lesun bitterly regretted this decisis**, bat it waa too late...

...At the disposal of this publication Tikhomirnov placed 100,000 rubles at that time a very large sum...

...could hsrdly have bothered him...

...His basic principle continued to be unswerving loyalty to Stalin, personifying the party...

...Molotov's closest friend in Kazan was Victor Tikhomirnov, who had inherited a large fortune from his opulent father, in 1911 Tikhomirnov visited l^inn in Switzerland, and made arrangements with him for the legal publication vt a Bolshevik newspaper in Petersburg...

...It is just as hard for them to identify the crude and arrogant Commissar of current international conferences with the modest Molotov of years past...

...Shortly before the notorious purge trials of 1ililfi-.'J7, his associates asserted that Molotov was unaffected by his high position, and that he remained as true arid warm a friend as ever...

...Irritating foreigners by his rudeness, Molotov at home sometimes teaches good manners...

...Not only his manner and outward appearance have undergone a change: his whole personality seems to have been transformed to such a degree that his basic traits have changed into their opposites...

...This is absolutely no justification for a war of this kind...

...A European statesman recently said: "I prefer to talk with Stalin...

...1 In the first revolutionary years Mote* i4s«4»U hsiiismd te the younger generaitsa- Thaofh aa did not fill any imj0mW$t gswaiiauent posts, he wi on...

...A year later he met Stalin under circumstances which determined his future career...

...Molotov was not a cold, calculating man...

...Forty years ago he joined a revolutionary party -which struggled against the Tzarist regime, and which, by virtu* of this struggle, was a champion of freedom and human dignity...

...This kinship, which would testify to Molotov'* very u >n-proletsrian descent, is now being denied.* And the musk of Skrisbin, in whom, to quote a biographer, "from Ms .childhood a mystic strain waa apparent," and aaose "greater works rennet hi* expanding and, spiritual,vision of ta* essential corelation between art and religion," must sound alien to a man who for many years has been Stalin's closest associate...

...AfTER Lenin's death (in January, l'j24), Stalin decided to reshuffle the Politburo (Political Bureau), the actual Soviet Government, iu riimtnatr »n i"t his stooges...

...Another Bolshevik,''Leo Rosenfeld, also gentle by nature, named himself Kamenev {"liumtn" means stone...

...But Smirnov waa guilty of sympathy for Trotskyism when reconciliation between Lenin and Trotsky had not yet been definitely reached...

...Molotov, both as tba official head...

...In this cynical speech Molotov seemed io have forgotten all the charges that the Soviets had leveled for years against Fascism...

...In the terrible years of collectivization, Sweeping executions of old Bolsheviks — Lenin's closest collaborators — and of military leaders, Molotov never for a moment opposed Stalin...

...He said: "The British Government bus announced that its aim in the war against Germany is nothing more or less than the destruction of Hitlerism...

...Though Molotov has reached the i>eak of power, his personal traits have remained unchanged...

...along, like many youngsters, by the tide of events...

...At that time Stalin was due of (be most prominent Bolsheviks inside Russia, despite Trotsky's ridicule of linn...

...Persons who joined the Bolshevik organization more or less accidentally, and who had independent ideas about the solution of contemporary problems, were regarded as heretics or even traitors...

...They were amazed to discover that the Germans had tried to disseminate in Paris the French translation of a speech delivered on October 30 by the Soviet Foreign Commissar, Vjacheslav Molotov...

...Thus the indissoluble association of the names was hammered into the people's minds...

...He maintained his former diligence and scrupulousness in the fulfillment of tasks entrusted to him...

...However, a year later the party secretariat underwent with a crisis...

...As General Secretary Stalin, in collaboration with MoK>u>v, completed his griup upon the party machinery...

...At that time Molotov was Chairman of the Council\of People's Commissars, and the question "Cain, where is your brother Abel...

...This means that the British and French have declared something in the nature of an 'ideological war' on Germany, reminiscent of the religious wars of olden times...

...he is at least civil...

...Study la Exile I.N April, 1909, before Molotov graditated from high school, he was depot ted...

...Submission to Stalin's anthruity was quite mil in a' to Molotov and was required by the nibs of the parly hierarchy...

...Stalin then ^plsrpad tawleadfrig role in the Orgburo (Organizational Bureau of the party), and a close collaboration sprang up between him and Molotov, who helped his chief to gain hold of the party machinery...

...Outstanding professors and brilliant youths starting their scientific careers were gathered in the University of Kazan...

...During the party congress of April, 1922, a conference of the most prominent party leaders from all parts of Russia was .held, at which Molotov's activity was •everely eriticir.ed...

...Molotov has learned to think the way Stalin thinks...

...One of the three new and absolutely reliable secretaries was Molotov, wfc* toek Irestlnsky's place...

...Formerly, he was Professor of History at Moscow University...

...So far as Stalin's policy permits it—but < nly so Tar—he can, as of old, be a true friend...

...OTOV joined this milieu as a diligent: pupil, intelligent, clever and very obedient...

...Lenin was therefor* opposed to Smirnov'* candidacy...

...Molotov to disagree with me, did you...

...Many of the leading figures of the Soviet Revolution and the Russian state, as well as eminent political men and women of Europe, he has known intimately...

...Molotov, Kalinin and Voroshilov were elected...

...In the vicinity of bis country house in the Crimea, there is, under his patronage, a eolany of pioneers (Communist children) called "Artec...

...During his exile he assiduously continued his self-education...

...But the Bolsheviks in Kazan held aloof from this cultural activity...

...Wtssa an* party congress gathered |a Wh% tan aamraecins strife unleashed I9 sfe sJaabtots**** Lenin and Trotsky saMlj>nh*lrian\rwisii Lenin victorious...

...It is therefore not only senseless, but criminal to wage war for the 'destruction of Hitlerism,' camouflaged as a fight for 'democracy.' " Those who had met Molotov in his youth could hardly believe that Skriabin (alias Molotov) had turned into the cynical opportunist who made that speech...

...The Bolsheviks resisted influences ot this kind, and lived in stubborn isolation, in thiir own sectarian atmosphere...

...This proposal waa accepted...

...Obligatory in this milieu was the most rigid and undeviating faithfulness to Lenin's interpretation of Marxism...

...that is a matter of political views, lint everyone s%ould understand that an ideology cannot be destroyed by force, that it cannot I* eliminated by war...

...for two years to the Vologda tegion...

...m^kmma them was restored...

...And yet this striking transformation is the logical development ol characteristics always inherent in Molotov, conditioned by the way his personality was formed...

...The "Koxan Bolsheviks" MoLOTOV became a Bolshevik at the age of 1(1, and, according to bis authorized biography, after careful consideration...

...but the fact remains that he was still a boy when he adopted the essentially sectarian ideology which became a supreme influence upon his further intellectual development...

...He declared that Smirnov, of whom he spoke with highest praise, wa* irreplaceable in Siberia...

...He submitted without reservation to iron discipline, not because it was forced upon him, but because of his conviction that the party was the omniscient vanguard of the world revolution to which everything must be subordinated...

...The indisputable party leader was Lenin, but . to Molotov, who had never been abroad, and for the first time met Lenin during the revolution of 1917, the "first" man, to whom in 1912 he became the faithful second, was Stalin...

...And Molotov, unlike Julius Caesar,"is perfectly satisfied with his »»)» as "second in Rome...

...Sentimental Iron Discipline Mo...

...He learned the art of being himself an immutable authority to those who stood on tbe lower rungs of the party ladder, yet he always manifested the inclination to follow somebody else, and his ambition never went beyond the desire to be second to some prominent party man...

...The majority wanted to dismiss him and replace him with Ivan Nikitich Smirnov, one of the most brilliant party leaders who was then in charge *f the administration of Siberia...

...On the following day I-enia proposed to create the post of a General Secretary, to appoint Stalin to this post snd leave Molotov ss second secretary...

...To the organization of this undertaking Tikhomirnov invited his friend Molotov, who became secretary of the Bolshevik dally I'mnln, * the first issue of which appeared in Petersburg in May, 1922...

...They ¦mhshly had kept in touch during the r5mij»lmg yenxs...

...In May, 1939, Moletov replaced Litvinov in the post of Foreign CoOiiuisssr to pave the way for Stalin's policy of rapprochement with Hitler Germany...

...They had their own "scholar," Vladimir Adoratski, a man of great learning but little intelligence, a tedious commentator oil Marx, F.ngels and Lenin...