UNO and Anglo-American Cooperation
UNO and Anglo-American Cooperation THE reaction to Winston Churchill s two powerful speeches in this country hss revealed some curi* <nis confusion of thought. The kind of Anglo- American...
...Otherwise UNO will become as empty s shell as the League of Nations...
...Thousands of Social Democrats of both right snd left wings were involved—not just a few right-wingers...
...Moat of them were^ at best, careerists motivated by lust for power, revenge and nationalist pride...
...He was a right wing liberal who worked closely with Social Democrats before and during the war...
...The kind of Anglo- American cooperation which Churchill sdvocsted is represented aa inconsistent with the idesls snd purpoaes of the United Nation* Organization...
...What might have...
...For fear of rousing the suspicions of Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt refused aid* This brought bewilderment and confusion into the ranks of the anti-Nszis...
...There ia every reason to believe that the present British Government is sincerely seeking for solutions slong these lines...
...The first contact of the conspirators with the outside-World was through Anthony Eden...
...It is time to bring it into tha open...
...It would be criminal weakness snd downright blindness to ignore this enormous growth in the military • . . ' 1 power and economic resources of a tolalitsrian *ute...
...There Was — and Is — Good Stuff in Germany ThF, Germsn underground opposition to the Nazis was far stronger than was estimated by most commentators...
...The facts revealed in Berlin on March 17 connected with the plot to assassinate Hitler on July 20, 1944, indicate that with the help of the Allies the Germans could have overthrown the Nazi regime and ended the war...
...The Germsn Cenersls who tried to kill Hitler paid for their bungling with their Uvea...
...Since they were either ex-Nszis or reactionaries or conservatives, they were distrusted by left-wingers snd were not able to organize formidable support among the workers...
...happened in the Reich could not have been worse than what has happened...
...German Socialists and other democrats hsve beea slandered, not merely by such men as Rex-Stout and the Communists, but even by Socialists of other lands, The truth about their heroic resistance to Nazism ia just beginning to leak out...
...The numbers involved in the various plots were too large for secrecy...
...But it will not pass the test of serious analysis...
...The Socialiats and democrats...
...N svOW American public opinion is being assailed with • »fw^r<V»|WdijyncJq tf^ffalMlJPMfyjba...
...who saci iliced their lives in this vain attempt were of a different sort...
...There is nothing in the postwar record of Britain (or of the United States) which is even remotely comparable with the gigantic process of landgrabbing and political infiltration which has led to the outright annexation of territory inhabited by some 25,000,000 people snd to the establishment of paramount Soviet influence in a dozen countries and areas from the Elbe to the Pacific, from Eastern Germsny to Manchuria, from the Arctic to the Persian Gulf...
...One reason for the repeated failures was that the underground waa so wideapread...
...Because the plotters wished to avert Russian occupation, they limited their appeal for aid to the western Allies...
...The putsch was preceded by five attempts to do away with Hitler...
...J.'be w4uajL, asanaajnajica plat was organized from the top primarily by Army oScers...
...Should the occasion arise, our military strength will be used to support the purposes and principles of the charter...
...This latest Kremlin propaganda linr is calculated to appeal to anti-British prejudice in this country and also to those fossae r isolationists who have not appreciated the profound implications of the atomic IxmiiIi and of the disappearance of any semblance of balance of power on the European and Asiatic continents...
...Should that cooperation fail or falter, the United Nations charter would quickly become a worthless scrap of paper, like the score and more of treaties and international agreements which Stalin has torn up during the War and postwar period...
...Masses of material on this subject are in the files of the British and American intelligence services...
...In the light of such recent events as the obvious Soviet violation of the treaty promise to evacuate Iran by March 2, of the equally ' binding promise, at the Moscow conference of Foreign Ministers, to withdraw from Manchuria by February 1, it is simply impossible to austain very convincingly the wartime propaganda legend of Stalin as the man Who always keeps his word...
...If can be contained by a clear indication that the United States and Britain, acting in the cjosesi political, diplomatic and, if sweessary, military, cooperation, will throw a ring of steel around any arcs of lawless aggression...
...The lest before the impending session of the Security ' Council is clear and aimplc: to brktg about ancondi-ti.oi.il and prompt withdrawal of Soviet troops from Iran snd Manchuria...
...They represented great masses of brsve men snd women for whom this was to be merely the culminating act in a perilous and rontiuous underground effort...
...excuses put forward for (his picdatoiy expaosioftj the-need for 'Wuiity" (which cam only be achieved, in the absolute sense, by the conquest of the world), need for oil, when Soviet scientists and geographers claim that their country possesses from thirty to fifty' percent'of the world's oil resources, "fear of attack* J»y Iran or Greece, can only deceive iho*c who ,,e very willing to be deceived...
...But there must Im- no appeasement, no shotduggrry, no payment of blackmail, which is just as fruitless in international affairs as in private affairs...
...Communists were not included in the conspiracy because they were not trusted...
...American maintensnce of a neutral, mediating position as between the Soviet Union and Britain would make nenae if both were aggressive expanding powers...
...That waa as esrly as Msy, 1932...
...The plan was to surrender to the Anglo-American force* and retreat to Germany's 1938 borders before negotiating peace terms...
...In his story in the NY Tinea of March 18, C.L.Sulzberger makes several errors...
...Outside the Soviet frontier* more than 150,000,000 people in a wide variety of countries —Germany, Poland, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Albania, Northern Iran, Manchuria, Northern Korea, Rumania, Finland, Czechoslovakia—have been reduced to various degrees of Soviet vassalage...
...The lesding Social Democrats in the plot were Wilhelm Leuschner, Adolf Reichwein snd Julius Leber, all of whom were slated for cabinet posts in the coalition government that was to be set up, and Kurt Haubach and Walter Mierendorf...
...As in France, Poland and other occupied countries, political, religious and class differences were thrust aside in the fight against s common foe...
...Even without encouragement from Allied sources, the July plot in Germsny sc-celerated Italisn capitulation...
...It has far'more than Historical importance, tt will furnish evidence that among the German people there is plenty of the stout stuff out of which democracies are built...
...Over 20,000—not 5,000 —were executed for being in the plot...
...It would greatly strengthen the prospects of creating a world defensive coalition against the unlimited designs of Soviet expansion, if India were given constitutionsl lilicitv...
...Byrnes wss perhaps thinking of thia type af criticism when he repudiated the idea of an American alliance either with Great Britain or with Russia, and laid down American foreign policy in the following terms: "TIm United States to committed to the support of the charter of the United Nations...
...if other colonist sreas, depending on their degree of national consciousness and literacy, could be set on the road to aelf-government...
...This is an admirable nutshell definition of a proper American foreign policy, designed to oppose lawless, treaty breaking aggression and to uphold the ideals to which all members of the United Nations committed themselves in the following excerpt from the Preamble to the Charter: "We the peoples of the United Nstions, determined...
...Roosevelt waa especially adamant ia his insistence upon unconditional surrender...
...Sulzberger errs, too, in putting down Karl Goerdler as a "conservative or reactionary...
...to ensure, by the acceptance of principle* and the institution of methods, that armed force shell not be used, except in the common interest...
...One of the members of the executive committee of the Communist underground- was a Gestapo agent who betrayed the Social Democrats when they met with the Communists to discuss the coming putsch...
...Many pro-Soviet apologists have been shifting their controversial ground...
...If the Darlan and Badoglio deals were justified because they speeded the collapse of Italisn Fascism, surely sa understanding with the German plotters would have been a wise expedient...
...Once thia objective haa beea achieved, it should ijsffyogsible to discuss how, in Menu's sppesling phrase, we can create conditions under which "the old wojgaVean settle down...
...s> Now anyone who has followed the development of the international situation with any care, anyone who has even read the news despatches during the last few weeks should realize that the United Nations charter can only be made a living reality by the closest kind of cooperation between the two great democratic powers, the United Stales and Crest Britain...
...Soviet-Union is occasionally guilty of wrongdoing— but then British imperialism is a dreadful thing, and we ought to keep out of ihese foreign qusrrels anyway...
...This Soviet expansion obviously cannot be contained' ¦ by treaties or diplomatic engagements, of which so many have alresdy been broken, or by spprals to Stalin's better nsturr, or by suppliant pleas for a new Big Three meeting, which could only be another Munich-Yalta...
...to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity ami worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations largs and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligation, srising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained and...
...Alt lee's promise of independence for India within or outside the Commonwealth is proof of thst...
...Hut this is dearly not the esse...
...The plot against the Nazis had wide support, not only among the workers, but in the Army, the Catholic and Protestant Churches and among intellectuals...
...Of course colonial imperialism is an evil...
Vol. 29 • March 1946 • No. 12
