Stalin Signs Six Treaties
DALLIN, DAVID J.
though not, as the Bulgarian demarche lis*, shown, subservience to Moscow, la not that, also, an avowed feature of America's foreign policy? In fact dealings with Fascist regimes, either in Europe...
...the war itself was a consequence of Russia's penetration through Manchuria to Port Arthur...
...A? regards the domestic policy of the new British Government, the more one •todies it, the less revolutionary it must ¦PPear...
...MacDonald headed the largest individual party in the House of Commons, but did not have an absolute majority...
...they are purely Chinese...
...The words "Labor** and "Socialist" used to describe the new Government are, to some extent, misleading...
...Now he returns to th* pattern of old Russia and silently revive* th* Russian right* to th* Manchurian railroads whieb are to run for 80 years, until 197(1 ((hence th* 30-year duration of th* new treaty...
...After an eleven-day war an occupation of a long duration is out of the question...
...was the popular slogan...
...Nor is there any significance in the Soviet agreement to withdraw Russian troops from Manchuria...
...Hands off China...
...That ('hin* i* a "semi colo nial nation" w a* always demons...
...Attlee has a substantial majority over all other parties combined...
...While numerous newspaper* and commentators in this country were Preising the new treaties as a blow to the Chinese Communists, the Yenan (Chinese Communist) radio declared its full approval and support of the Moscow agreement...
...Without it th* whole settlement ha* no sense...
...Churchill, who** speech on ? the Addre** to the Throne last week, carried Mm back to th* top flight of parliamentary orators and leaders, has mad* it quit* clear that every act of Britain'* new government will be sub jeeted to careful study, and well informed constructive criticism by the leader* of th* defeated Conservative Party...
...l-enis often designated the seizure of Port Arthur as sn act of predatory Tsarist imperialism, and the Soviet school books represented these page* of Ru«*lan history as a pattern of Imperialist neglect of the right* of small nation...
...Laval asked...
...Port Arthur and Danen ar* situated very far from the Russian border*, mor* than a thousand mile* away...
...For at least half a century the numerous encroachments upon China, the unequal treaties, the creation inside China of foreign "spheres of influence" were always accompanied by a solemn recognition of Chine's sovereignty and integrity...
...rated by ? he seizure of her porta and cities by foreign power...
...The only real difference it likely to lie an attempt on the part of the new Gov-ernment to speed up their enforcement.' There are two significant differences between the Attlee and the Ramsay Mac-Donald regime...
...A new big Red navy for th* Pacific is the next point on the program...
...What official Moscow was able to achieve ia its right to maintain in Manchuria a host of railroad officials, a press and a secret police...
...The South Manchurian railroad is significant because it lead* to Port Arthur — important a* a naval bas...
...Inclusion of power in the Government's nationalization projects cannot seem terribly radical to a country which prides itself on its TVA scheme...
...Attlee has rilled the key posts in hi* cabinet with men who for several years past have held cabinet rank, and—let it not b« forgotten—concurred in all major decisions, foreign, military and domestic, of the Churchill administration...
...its l.aboi elements are diluted with college and professional men...
...Technically two separate developments, they actually constitute an organic unity...
...As far as the Soviet-Chinese agreements are concerned it is amazing that th* pres* has emphasized their less' important points, while the more significant sections were left in the shadow...
...Hut the acquisition of a Chinese port on the Yellow Sea required the lives of a few thousand of Russian soldiers...
...For a short period of six year* they belonged to Russia, el-meet half a century ago, and their acquisition in consequence of a Russo ('Innere treaty of alliance (history repeats itself...
...Th* Pacific, dominated by the Vnitad State*, la Viewed aa an imminent danger...
...Well, shoot them...
...And now again, if Dr...
...The road of the'foreign power* into the heart of China was paved with such assurances...
...China's statesmen must be tired of these high-sounding but empty formulas...
...The nationalization of the Btrtk of England, the only note-issuing bank in that country, should not appear terribly alarming to a nation that has 'U Federal Reserve Banking system— » nation moreover where private banks labor under far greater restrictions than 'n the United Kingdom...
...Will that be unwelcome to the average American...
...shocked the world at that time...
...Its real value, however, is not greater now than it was in the French case...
...Stalin Signs Six Treaties Agreements Between Russia and China Give no Assurance of Peace By David J. Dallin THE fate of China in th* next period of her'history i* being decided in these weeks by two factor*: the „fficial Soviet-Chines* treaties and th*' negotiation* in Chungking between the Central and the Communist government...
...In fact dealings with Fascist regimes, either in Europe or on I he American continents, the Attlee Government seems likely to adopt a firmer position than the coali-tion regime...
...If there is any sensational fact about the Chinese-Soviet treaty, it is the actual conquest of a Chinese port, and th* provision* for ita future administration...
...was Stalin's reply...
...The war was waged for that aim...
...Th* coalition suffered from the lack of an organized opposition...
...and many of the new Minister* have held public office in the Coalition or other administrations, and most of them have already had parliamentary experience...
...MacDonald had few experienced Ministen in his cabinet, other than two or three who deserted their original parties to join his government...
...In Russia, this imperialist policy wa* highly unpopular not only among the Socialist parties, including the future Communists, but even among the moderate opposition to the Tsar's govern mint...
...Thia wa* exactly the meaning of the Soviet war against Japan...
...A return to high tariffs and isolationism would undoubtedly Impel Great Britain to find the solution of its export nroblems by high-prefsuie methods in other markets...
...Finally, and hy no moan* least important, the Attlee Government will have the stimulu* of an able, eloquent and partlotic opposition...
...Futur* American opposition to Soviet policy in Asia ia considered so important that eld principle* and tradition* had to be pushed aside, Chinese port* had to b* acquired, and a strong navy wil< have to be built...
...The recognition by Moscow of the Chung Kai-shek Government a* the only government of China, the obligation not to interfere in Chinese internal affairs, and not to Violate China's integrity and sovereignty are, by themselves, of little significance...
...The same is probably true of the textile industry, which requires drastic renovation if it is ever again to compete successfully in foreign markets...
...That the Soviet Government act* in this way, despite Ita own tradition* and warning*, is a proof of how great the significance of the Pacific haa become in it* eye...
...The alleged rebuke to the Chines* Communists reminds us of another incident in Moscow, ten years ago, when Pierre Laval, the then French premier, after signing his alliance with the Soviet Union, complained to Stalin about the Kreuch Communists who were a hindrance to the rebuilding of the armed forces of France...
...The other Raaelan demands—Southern Sakhalin, the Kurile islands, access to Vladivostok—could have been satisfied without participation in military operations...
...Now it is up to Mao Tse-tung, the Communist leader, in his negotiations in Chungking, to gain more influence in Manchuria a* well as in other region*, and to clear the local administration of the "Fascist agents" of Chiang Kai-*hek...
...Soong, the Chinese premier, tried to extract from Stalin as the Soviet premier, a formal repudiation of the Chinese Communists, he immediately got what he wanted...
...Most of the other policies outlined in the King's speech appeared on the programs of all three major British parties...
...In any country, but especially in a land like Manchuria, this is a factor of the greatest importance...
...The meaning of that answer was, of course, that Stalin does not discuss with a premier of a foreign land the internal relationship between Communist and other parties...
...Hands deep into China" i* th* Soviet policy now...
...Its authority .ia as much dependent upon the vote* of the middle elaas and white collar worker* as upon manual labor...
...If Port Arthur is needed hy Russia, Moscow cannot object to th* British holding Hong Kong or to an eventual revival of a French sphere in nnan, For three decade* Stalin w** on* of th* loudest opponent* of "th* imperialist" policy In China...
...In the Far East these word* and slogans have not the clear meaning which they posses* in the Western world...
...Yenan wis right: Soviet Russia, is a foreign power, haa achieved as much as it could...
...American* who are still disposed to regard Ilritsin a* class-conscious ought not to feel any fears regarding th* action* in the near futnre of a Government from which, obviously, all class distinction* arc absent—where Etonian* and Oxionians sit in council with school-teachers, trades union organ izers, miner*, and professional men...
...Therefore, the Una] appraisal of the agreements will not be possible before the end of the negotiations in the Chinese capital...
...It* Socialism is of a very moderate brand...
...Nationalization of the coal mines has been regarded for many years by numerous persons outside the Socialist Party as the only practical method of regenerating a mismanaged industry...
...The extent to which the two Anglo-Saxon powers are sble to cooperate in the economic field is likely to depend more upon American than British policy...
...The Attlee Government, in fad, can be regarded a* little if at all more radical than the Liberal administration* ol^gir Henry Campbell Bannerman and Herbert Aaquith, when Lloyd George introduced what at the time were considered by his critics as revolutionary principles of taxation and social security, and the authority of the House of Lords was openly challenged...
...Before 1931, even Japan was professing adherence to this sacred principle of "integrity...
...The indignation against Russia wa* so great that soon mighty Britain aligned with Japan against Russia and America's sympathies were on Japan's side in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05...
...more often than pny other Communist leader he demanded respect for t' · emotion* and sensibilities of th* humiliated Chinese people...
...What shall I do with them...
...Not th* pacification of the Far Eaat, hut an aggravation of conflict* I* the main essence of th* treaty concluded between Russia and China...
...that she had only on* friend In the world—Soviet Russia—win emphasized by the abolition of all Russian privilege* acquired in China...
...oy th* new ticaties Russia acquired important rights on th* Manchurian railroad...
Vol. 28 • September 1945 • No. 35
