IN SUMMARY
The uargsining and executive oigsns of juc» s cooperstive and decentralised planum emerge from the struggles of organized labor. This reformism, must Ik ·? aggressive reformism, since it has to...
...At the same time the Soviet military commander in Poznan ordered the release of 1,500 German citizens and allowed them to return to their homes...
...What is missing is the theoretical and political integration of these genuine spontaneous developments into one generally recognized view of s new society in tke making, which is neither totalitarian and bureaucratic-centralist, nor classless, nor individualistic...
...All the available evidence shows that this is not a Polish army, even though AO percent of the junior officers are of Polish nationality...
...We are already far advanced in this direction...
...Dismantling of factories in Wroclaw (Breslau) is In progress...
...The Yugoslav miau are working, at 25 percent of capacity, nade* a workers" Soviet...
...Reducing Germany to an agrarian state was termed "a short-range political necessity but a long-range economic absurdity" by a group of American and British experts working in ths Reich...
...This reformism, must Ik ·? aggressive reformism, since it has to achieve a transformation of so-ciety against strong reactionary, on the one hand, and revolutionary totalitarian forces of Left and Bight on the other »aad...
...dared: "The brutal fact is fset tear ·» urn instrtimtnt of national polity earn now be imil/fil only by the United States be-.o«sc it Ans u monopoly ef the fuel and intricate plant needed for the atiotw bomb...
...Financial mirres!» in Paris, London, aad New York are worried lest other governments in Ihr Soviet sphere will likewise nationalize property owned by . foreign capitalists...
...Alt senior officers above the rank of rsptain are Russian citizens and mostly members of the NKVD...
...New ideas of organising social security are under discussion, suck as John L. Lewis' latest program of royalties on tke products of laser for the creation of welfare and sdaisflatml funda, a very modern idea, tried thus far only in very limited fields of soma special .rafts...
...It has to analyse and criticise our present society snd the sdverse trends in thst society thoroughly...
...scene is set, definitely enough to outline realistically the new role which labor will hav > te play...
...Poles forcibly enlisted into the German Army and taken prisoner by the Soviets are being deported to Russia...
...From the German part of Silesis they removed saany prewar factories completely...
...France protested sgsinat tike si lionslisstioa without compensatio«, hy Yugoslavia, ef French -owned rapper mine* there, worth ??#??.?·#, Britai., plans a similar protest against nations...
...It was founded by a decree of the Soviet-sponsored "National Council" on July 21, 1944, combining Polish units formed in Russia under General Berling and the "People's Arpiy" (Communist military organisation in Poland...
...Finally, it has to present its view with the confidence which it may justly derive from its own position...
...Without industry tka Germans csnnot pay for Imports...
...Their primary task is to keep the troops in the iron grip of Communist discipline...
...AH we need is to exploit the new possibilities snd sccept the responsibilities inevitably sccompsnying growing power...
...Viscount Wavell conferred with Lor i rrthirk Lawrence, new Labortte Secretary of State for India, and the prospects appeared good for dominion status far Indis ss soon as disputes between Moslems snd Hindus can be compromised...
...Truman's denunciation of the Franco Government ef Spain was followed by ? statement by Byrnes that tas USA w.ii net enter into sny further trade agreements with Spsia unless they are ef special benefit to America...
...Only the coal-mining industry has remained intact...
...The eornmsnd-ing officer of this regiment seals his official letters with ths following stamp: The First Polish Soviet Army Regiment...
...Among' other social groups which point in tke same direction are the farmer organisations, the consemer cooperatives as well as institutions like the TVA, to mention only some developments in the USA...
...The collective bargaining lyatem of our trade unions, based, in the Isst analysis, on the right, the sower, and the will to strike aa ultima ratio, givea labor today aa economic influence undreamed of a few decades ago...
...It would have been perfect if a Negro and a Nisei bad been there In the Whit* House...
...The old reform ism ef tke continental European type, and the British type of trade unionism, were adequate expressions of the main trends of social evolution for the period up to World War I. But the First World Wsr introduced transformations in society which were not foreseen by reformism snd whioh it was not prepared to understand...
...cation of British owned mines...
...The realization that the traditional Socialist labor movement had been sidetracked by the course of history leads to a feel tag of frustration which could easily be exploited by the total i-tarians...
...is designed I» strengthen the Soviet grip on Poland, and to exercise pressure on any "free" elections conducted bv the newly recognized provisional govrrament...
...Army" ·1 General Zymierski ?? ? withdrawal of the Russian Red Army from Polish territory is sn essential prerequisite for the Tree and unfet-bmai elections" to be held in Polsnd...
...They have begun, in ear time, still hesitatingly and gropingly, to play their part in all important matters of national and intei nstionsl politics...
...The NKVD network extends through the whole army, with agents in every platoon...
...I hu», even after the withdrawal of the Red Army from Poland, there will be no chance to establish a democratic regime unlens all Rum aians are removed from the "Polish" army, and unless Anglo-American forces are present to supervise the election campaign and voting...
...At present, Poland seems to be fully mobil ized...
...Bat some ef flat let...
...The alternative te totalitarianism is not a theoretically putainie Socialism er a return to "free" enterpriae, nut a society ef organised ceaflicting groepc, balancing their often colliding interests by ueana of an organized democracy...
...And the trade anions are steadily extending the field <>f their activities, advancing from Wage and hour problems to the more geaeral topics of social security, general welfare, general education...
...ru* does not mean that transport end mams ani usUen fueflitiar through Po should ha denied to the Russian ¦*·¦¦», especially aa regards the eccu-•sticm of Germany...
...This army, controlled by the NKVD...
...Lord Sirmbolgi, LarWnV peer, de...
...Germans are more often appointed te administrative positions than Poles, although the Soviets proclaimed long ego that this part of Germany should belong to Polsnd...
...ritoriet granted te Poland are thti* 'tripped of industrial machinery, and Poland is made entirely dependent on Bastian production...
...On the eenttrsry, during May and June new ege-greope, up to 56 years, were called up...
...In a society, ss assnmsd here, consisting of several classes* and social groups with partislly conflicting interests, it is very important for the role each group csn play, how conscious it is of its position within the society as a whole, and of its own aims and possibilities, snd how successful it is in developing the proper political instruments and ideologies to deal with the situation...
...Such rumors are intended to lure the refugees back into Poland...
...There are persistent reports thai Soviet policy toward the Poles ia to be "liberalized...
...Although a Polish militia has been created in Gdansk (Danzig), the German police force still functions...
...A majority of these trying to carry out the Potsdsm decisions ars of the aplaion thst "it wont work.*' Germany has lest one fifth of her territory, and caa supply less then 13 percent of her feed requirements at best...
...Lengrsnge or short-range, the Putsdam decisions were unwise, leaving no hope tor a future peaceful, democratic and proa-pereus Germany...
...The candidates undergo an intensified military ami ideological training...
...ought te be urecisely defined so thst they do not infringe upon Polish sovereign rights...
...Those who prove unsuitable from the political standpoint end their career in jail...
...The elementary forms of s new society have developed thus far within the womb of the old capitalist society just aa once capitalist society developed in the womb* of feudalism...
...In April, General Zavadzki, head of the civil administration in Silesin, said: There are no more German Fascists in Silesia, but we must liquidate the Polish Fascists...
...The return of these prodigal eons is awaited on the frontier by special Soviet committees, end also by two Polish divi sions commanded by Russian officers...
...The old formulae proved to be unsatisfactory, the old yardsticks inaccurate...
...The Lublin radio reported officially that he had been appointed military attache in Moscow on February 12...
...The task of the political commissars is not confined to Communist propaganda...
...The existence af ceaflicting social groups with colliding inter ests will moat certainly create social tension and lead to socisl straggles, but, st the ssme time, is s asara reliable guarantee for the maintenance of Use fundamental political, cultural and individual rights and liberties than any system ef free enterprise which leeks for govern meat subsidies with esch new economic crisis...
...Berling, who was said to oppose the Sovietization of his army, was shot in February, according to persistent rumors...
...In s regiment ststioned in Centrsl Poland, out of 27 officers live sre Poles, two Ukrainians three Jews—the re-msining 17 ere Russisns...
...Head of this institution previously was (Jeneral Zawadnki, a Soviet citizen and notorious sgent of the NKVD On March 8 /.awadski was succeeded by General Spychalski, another high official in the NKVD...
...But now the new histories...
...TRENDS nunriationa...
...The institution of political commissars, disguised under the name of political and educational officers, is a typical feature...
...Tke "foils...
...Theas facilities, W*«»ar...
...Twenty-eight veteran* received the Congressional Medal ef Honor last week from President Truman...
...Besides the presence of the Red Army, there is another danger threatening free elections, namely the Zymierski army, which is only a Polish branch of the Red Army...
...The program of the British Labor Party ia far bettor...
...Look at the nsmes of s few of them: Bell, Clark, Dslessondro (Dago to Senator Bilbo), Herrers, ? riles, Dshlgren, Gsrcis, Gers-tung, MacGiilivery, McCarter, Mabry, Rudolph, F.verhsrdt, Funk, Neppel, Beyer...
...The further advances in this trsnsformstion, as symbolised by war economy, totalitarianism and the controlled economy developed at the end of the depression of the 1930's are still too recent to digest...
...To do this, they have to clarify snd substantiate their aims and views...
...sll tke more so ss they ars combined with tke rapid shift of international leadership from Europe to America on the one side, and stussi* on the other...
...Modern reformism haa to formulate its own aima and vision, without which it csnnot attract the younger generation...
...The enlistment into this ermy did not cease after VE-Day...
...IN SUMMARY: • James F. Byrnes, Secretary of State, endorsed the Murray-Wagner Full Employment Bill which will come before Congress when it reconvenes, and that ia line...
...Thj Russians have removed from Polish Silesia all food stores, technical installations, and mm limes brought in daring the German occupation...
...The principle of the bill—that when private industry cannot provide full employment the government must help with public works projects to supplement private capitalism—is a necessary first step toward planning, but not nearly enough...
...They have to develop appropriste organisations snd leadership, not for the representation of special interests of limited groups, but for the defense of the overall interests and long range policy of the society in transformation...
...Flections in which opposition candidates are permitted to run will probably be held in Turkey in the autumn for the nrtt time...
...The political past of the officers, their former associations, including membership in the Home Army, their relations—however casual— with the Western Powers, sre carefully scrutinised with a view to securing perfectly obedient tools for Soviet purposes...
...Recruits -with higher and university education are selected for officers' schools which, as a rule, are situated in Russia (Orel, Odessa, Kiev...
...It is merely a declaration of purpose and policy...
...Certainly, there are reasons why this kas not yet been done...
...but rer-ognir.es that it Is merely a beginning, and utterly inadequate to the situation that is developing as a result of our planless transition from wer to peace...
...There comes a paint, however, at which the new organisms havs to take the lead...
...The New Leader has supported this bill...
...Tke Indian Government extended amnesty to 60,000 Indian srddiers whs fought far Japan...
...lowers ef Gandhi aal Nehru are stRl in Jail...
Vol. 28 • September 1945 • No. 35
