Who Will Be Germany's Badoglio?

...On the face of it each a suggestion might not seem so bad...

...ACCORDING to President Roosevelt's announce-ment the other day Germany is to be liberated from Nazism and Prussian-Junker militarism...

...This failure to act in a critical, historical situation is characteristic of Bumke...

...He is the proverbial rat leaving the sinking ship before anyone else realizes the ship is lost: he got out in time from under the monarchy and posed for year* as a democrat...

...When the intellectual keeps to the phases of public administration which lend themselves to such expertness he performs a necessary and useful function...

...To suggest Baron von Mannstein as a German Badoglio would just about be as sensible as having crime busting in New York d; ne not by the District Attorney but by Lepke-Buchhslter...

...This takes several forms...

...Whst is worth underscoring, however, is thst increasing social control does not hsre to be sreoanpsnied by sn in cressingly concentrated derision-making buresucracy...

...Mussolini actually came into power as a premier charged by the king with forming a government, and he was deposed in the same fashion...

...Of all persons alive in Germany today who have not been Nazis from the beginning, Dr...

...He might have earned respect had he resigned as president of the German Supreme Court when the Nazis began to intrcduce their legal, judicial nihilism, using the formal—but not actually existent- reputation of the Reichsgericht to cover up what in reality was the absence of any law and order...

...INTELLECTUALISM typically has a certain contempt for the intuitive judgments of the practical man...

...THE form of intellectuslism which has adherents among * politicians and businessmen particularly, may be characterized as "coordination...

...Compare this to the response which has greeted the setting of wage formalas based en a conception of svdiding inflation...

...Horace Greeley Hjalmar Schacht is by far the most despicable figure...

...MOR should they deal with strong brothers like Schacht or Baron von Mannstein...

...When the government official suffers from intellectual-ism his greatest fault is an essential lack of humility •bout the limitations of preconceived ideas applied to practical affairs...

...The Nazis conveniently forgot all about their own legislative brain child, and Bumke himself made no attempt to claim his legal rights...

...A minor characteristic of intellectuslism is what would (Continues an Page Fifteen...

...Let us stop looking around for German little kings or pro-Nazi generals allegedly turning snti-Nazi...

...Bumke was not personally responsible for such judicial crimes as the conviction of Cart von Omdetsky, the Nehej Peace Prise winner, but he certainly should not havi remained Chief Justice after that...

...not being a Nazi, he might have assumed power as president and Commander-in-chief and dismissed Hitler...

...Barn* of Paul Wohl IBWPJly MV«r*>Ud ia the New York //«-.«-rn»aa« that the president of Germany's Supreme Court (the Refchagericht), Or...

...matters which in their very essence are incapable of being subjected to such centralized plans...

...Schacht is atill a minister without portfolio in Hit ler's cabinet, he fully shares (he responsibility for everything that government gives its consent to u[x n Hitler's command...

...This is not an argument against centralized planning per sc which is a vital mechanism of public administration or against the need for integrated national policy...

...not only for the sain of a future democratic Germany but in the best interests of their own reputstion the United Nations must under no circumstances deal with a weak sister like Bumke...

...For the purposes of this discussion we need not be concerned shout whether military conscription is good or bsd or whether wage stabilization is good or bad—or even whether the precise form in which both of these programs are administered is good or bad...

...Erwin Bumfce, might well serve ia the same capacity in which the Italian "moronic little king" has been accepted by the victorious United Nations, namely, so function as legsl continuance of the pro-fascial regime...

...While it is true that quasi-scientific techniques may be utilised for clarification and analytit there It no evidence to show that the so-called social sciences necessarily provide conclusive answers to critical issues in the Aeld of public policy...

...The central idea is usually apparent immediately and the reasoning is well knit...

...He is not a Nazi at heart but a somewhat weak if decent conservative...

...Applied to collective bargaining in the present context, for example, it means that we must maximize the participation by employers nnd unions in genuine collective bargaining and minimize the determination of the minute details by government...

...he got out in time from under the Republic before anyone even dreamed of Hitler's coming into power, and now he tries to capitalize on his connections with high linarice the world over in order to present himself as a man "who never was really a Nazi...

...Hjalmar Schacht, and General Baron Frits von Mannstein...

...The consequence of this distinction it that butinettnxen and to-called politicians are likely to he afflicted with intellectualitm as well as lawyer*, ttatitticiant and cconomutt...

...Decentralization need not to be construed in terms of geography alone...

...Intellectuals as a matter of fact perform an important technical function and bring to bear on public administration a degree of expertness which would otherwise not be arailable...

...Moreover, the Nasis thus pushed aside a law adopted by the German Reichstag shortly before Hitler came In, a law introduced by the Nans themselves...

...It is sssumed that if the cause is juft, no amount of red tape is too much...

...Prior to the adoption of that law the chancellor served as president of the German Republic when a president died and until a new one had been elected...

...Another characteristic of iutellectuulism is its inability to take into proper in < mini how much ordinary people will stand in the way of regulation without the whole system of regulation breaking, down...

...Brevity snd simplicity according to this view are Inconsistent with the statement of profound truths...

...the Nasis proposed, snd the bill became law, that in case the president died the Chief Justice (president of the Keirhagericht) should become acting president until the election of a new one That man would have been Dr...

...On the whole it is fair to say that the caliber of the civil service of the United States has been noticeably improved by the accession of workers with broad academic training...

...Hitler assumed the role of the head of the stale ss well as being the chancellor...

...Intellectuslism fsils to understand the need for developing genuine local and decentrslized determination of the things which sre susceptible to such determination...

...What frequently happens, however, is that if the same special interests function in the coordinated agency, there is no improvement...

...Aside from Bumfce, other people have been suggested for a role parallel to General Bsdoglio'a in Italy: the former president of Germany's Federal Reservo Bank (the Reichsbank), Dr...

...A variation on this theme is to be found in the recurring clamor for an "overall policy...

...This contempt is based on the misconception that the determination of major public policy is something akin to an exact discipline accessible to a chosen priesthood...

...More important in influencing the formulation of sound policy and administration are such qualities as social outlook and idealism, political insight and a disposition to delegate responsibility snd authority...

...The king, although nothing more than a shadow during the heyday of Mussolini's dictatorship, remained on the throne, and while he certainly did not cut any imposing figure, he did represent some continuance of legality...

...Without entering into any discussion of substantive merits it is very interesting thst the operstions of Selective Service through locsl boards, with the power to deprive an individual of his personal liberty, has occasioned relatively little protest...

...Moreover, our war experience has demonstrated that many problems can be attacked only on a "trouble shooting" basis and not on a gi ueralized "directive" or "formula" basis...

...Intellectuals have other good points...

...Coordination is the notion that if you combine several previously overlapping and possibly conflicting agencies under nominally one administration, you automatically remove duplication...

...I venture the hazardous generalization that the most effective administrator is one who is not too excessively encumbered with specialised formal education and training in a given field...

...This is an argument, however, against the kind of planning which presumes to cover every detail of the program and pei mils no area of tolerance within which judgment and good sense can operate...

...It applies to social and economic groupings as well...

...The United Nations would deserve to lose this war if they were foolish enough to fall f< r that crook...

...Erwin Bunike, at the time of Hindenburg's death...

...IF it is permissible st sll to think in terms of legality, the rases of Italy and Germany are different...

...Germany's own political snd democratic potentialities will be revested when the time eoires: s new Germany will produce new men to lesd if Intellectuals and the Government By JACK BAMRBASH | REGARD intellectuslism as a frame of mind snd an * outlook rather than as a necessary function of formal education and training...

...Frequently, however, this clamor obscures the real problem which in many instances is doing something about individual cases as they arise...

...at the moment when the bugler sounds the signal "Cease Firing...

...If there is to be another democratic Germany, its rebirth should net he attended by mid wives such as Bumke...

...there will be a legal ehsos of no mean proportions, and the victors might want to have some authority in Germany with which they can deal, through which they can make known their own orders and measures of military government...

...How on earth can that be arcc mplisbcd by collaborating with one, anyone, of the Prussian-Junker generals...

...My experience as a government intellectual leads me to believe what the economist say is more likely to consider the worthwhileness of programs from the point of view of its effect on the whole community rsther than to use government power to protect a special interest...

...but when Hindenhuig died...

...Devotees of the cult of intellectual ism will recognize the merits of an argument only when it is put in the jargon of the cult...

...This infirmity of intellcctualisin is basically u lack of competence to translate the elements of s program into its administrative implications...

...To accept any one of these persons would be disastrous...

...It is also likely that the intellectual by dint of a judicious admixture of systematic philosophy and participation in practical affairs can successfully sublimate tendencies toward intellectualixm...

...he ought to be hanged on the highest oak tree that is to be found in Germany, after a trial revealing all the support he has lent to Hitler's dictatorship, especially his managing Germany's finances to make possible rearmament and preparation for this war...

...Experience indicates that an aesthetic-looking organization chart is no substitute for the point of view and the administrative effectiveness which really gets things done...

...The intellectual has a sense of proper organization of sn argument or of a program...

...One form which it takes is to plan centrally and in minute detail for...

...They are more prone to evaluate proposals from some reasonable standard of social desirability...

...Formal education does have the virtue that it creates habits of mind favorable to the inculcation of discipfined thinking...

...He hsd himself "elected" as president of the Republic in a phony election, then dropped the title President snd cslled himself by a title non-existent in the Weimar (institution: "Fuehrer and Chancellor...

...To prevent that the Nazis acted quickly and Hitler made himself president Thus Bumke himself forfeited any claim of representing the legal continuance of a German Republican c< n-stitutional regime...

...Hitler also came into power as premier of s parliamentary cabinet, charged with forming a government by the last legally elected president of the Weimar Republic, Marshal Paul von Hindenburg...