Balance Sheet of the ILO Conference

...The ILO has to make economic policies on a world-wide scale...

...tbe ILO according to legal fiction, still is part of the League...

...from controlled unions...

...The proposal of the office that efforts should be made to reestablish free union activities and fair labor standards waa rejected...

...Other countries do not If the United States and Britain thould go back to a policy in which the Government abandoned planning and did not interfere with production and employment, the Philadelphia Charter would become useless...

...The second method i* on* which would provide for keeping production at a high level through such measure* a* public work*, subsidies, investment of rich countries in poor countrie* with a view to step up the development of their natural resources and to increase their standard of living...

...the other two members sre simply representative* of the government—civil servants, or legislator* of the party in power...

...Each problem solved creates new problems which require further study...

...Only the American and the Australian worker delegates voted in favor...

...If the economic policies of the Philadelphia Charter are to bear fruit they have to be practiced all over the world...

...DictatorsAtp* and faaciat eounttieo have in the pait lent worker delegate...

...Fraua Mauser la lnetrmrtor hi PwlHieal Science to Brooklyn College ef the aty ef New York...

...In short, it means government of the New Deal type...

...The ILO can do much to bring us closer to "freedom from want*' but the most important work has to be done by progressive groups in each country...

...2) x a HE general principles which have now become an accepted part of American and British foreign policy require a lot of legislation on the home front The laws which are necessary are technical...

...The ILO is only authorized to odiiae these agencies...

...We know that the United Nations and the few neutrals who attended the conference apparently want some tort of international organization of which the ILO would be a part...

...at the peace table, they would see to it that every country which aigna the peace treaty accepts the aama obligationa at home which the United Natidn* took upon themselves in Philadelphia...

...Without funds the ILO Office will fall down on the job...

...Moreover, shea Id we not strengthen the weak democratic force* in Germany and other Axi* countries...

...The success of the ILO program depends on the support of every nation of the world, big or small...

...They appear in two document*, on* of which has been called byNhe press, the "Philadelphia Charter...

...Now that the delegates of forty-one countries have (one home it i* time to aaaeas the Importance of the conference...

...To build a better world, we need labor anity in each country aad as much labor solidarity throughout the world as we may be able to get...

...It m financed through the League...

...In the long run result* alone will count and exalted phrase* in declaration«, however thrilling, have to be followed by deeds...

...Only those countries who were present at conference* are bound by ILO decisions...

...The importance of these document* is that the present government* of the United Nation* have promised two thing*: at home in their legislature* they would propose law* for social security schemes, public work*, and democratic achool...

...L. A BOH and liberals should pay mora attention to ILO conference* because subjects of discussion* are social aad economic problem*, such a* fair labor standards, anion activities, child and women labor...

...Be has followed the work ef the International Labor OnVe since it* inception, and prior to the belllag ef the recent confer ens* in Philadelphia, wrote for The New Leader aa analysis ef the defect* ef the ILO...

...W* have learned in Italy that the beet way to do this is to rebuild free trade unions...

...The confernce i* an assembly of delegation* from countrie* which are member's of the ILO...

...The ILO makes it possible to exchange talents...

...Steady employment can be achieved through a combination ef three methods: one is the enactment into law of social aecurity schemes ef s type similar to the Beveridge P'»n...

...Tbe discussion wa* heated and on a high level...

...financial assistance for child care and education through insurance payments...

...It i» deplorable that the U. S. Government delegates are largely responsible for this poor solution...

...The simple resson is that he cannot bind his government and party, in an election year, to policies which are still so much debated and opposed...

...Poverty anywhere constitute* a danger to prosperity everywhere," says the Charter...

...The British seem to want a reformed League of Nations...

...Planning means public works program* and subsidies, it might mean higher taxes for the wealthy, lower taxes for the middle class, and no taxea for the poor...

...In other word*, there must be a central authority...

...income is not achieved, the office argues, unemployment follows...

...In other word*, the social security scheme* should cover not only workers but all persons, whether employees or self employed (professional groups, small and medium business men) and their familiea...

...The ILO office and conference have greatly simplified the task of legislatora in member countries...

...One of the results of the Philadelphia conference was to strengthen the powers of the governing body, on which American labor is represented by Robert C. Watt, AFL...

...Everybody at Philadelphia agreed that full employment requirea national planning...

...t) The ILO put before the conference • draft which dealt with German and Japanese trade unions once these countries are occupied by the armies of the United Nation...

...To provide for full employment after the war and for a decent standard of living in real life is just a* difficult as it i* easy to put such aims on paper...

...Formerly the League of Nations was this leading agency...

...To direct these studies, to call new conferences, to set up committees of experts so that the resulting problems may be dealt with, is the business of the ILO governing body...

...It missed the point, however, by discussing all the tjmt whether the German workers were a* guilty as th« Nasi...

...Experts on different subjects of economic policy are not equally distributed over the world...

...There are items on the debit side...

...Labor meat remember that it ha* only a voice ia the ILO...

...The adoption of law* requires more power than the ILO possesses, but its conference can start the ball rolling by pressure on the legislatures of member governments to take action along lines of proposals accepted at the conference...

...The absence of a country so powerful and large aa Russia is therefore a very serious handicap...

...The problem is important, and not only for the ILO...

...It it an aaaembty of govtrnmenta, but labor hm$ a voice in this atetmbly through the worker delegate...

...The ILO was part of the League of Nations...

...What Russia wants is unknown...

...This so-called tripartite character and the name International Labor Organization have often led to the false impression that the ILO is an assembly of worker...

...CoMPARE the proposals of the governing body and office of the ILO with what the conference accepted: (1) The first proposal of the office concerned freedom from want It require* free union* and fair labor atandarda, the old and traditional aims of labor, but in addition it requires stability of income for all groups in a nation...

...Beasley wanted the United States and Britain to commit themselves to a planning policy after the war, which means public works and all the rest, and to work out programs now and make them known...

...The ILO would be, perhaps, the best agency to act as a central authority in a future world organisation...

...If they are to be independent, who ia going to settle differences between the ILO and such agencies...

...It ia for the public in each^countrg to gee that theae propoaala are euacted into law...

...The other is named "Resolution Concerning Social Provision* in the Peace Settlement...

...International lawyers may pretend that the League of Nations is still legally alive, but actually it is dead...

...Are they to be pert of it...

...Moreover, the public should knew by now what is to be the relation between United Nations agencies and the new League of Nations which is to be set up...

...If th« ILO may only give advice, such advice can and most likely will be wholly disregarded...

...Among these new subjects one stands oat, how to achieve fall employment at a living wage...

...The study of economic conditions, and of methods for improving them, is only part of the job...

...feday w* have * number ef agencies the United Nation* have set up which will play an iarportant part in the postwar world...

...On the way they are handled success or failure of the whole Philadelphia Charter may depend...

...No American government delegate could make such a commitment...

...They should stand for the interest* of their group, and oppose, if necetcary, the policy of the administration in their own country...

...The difference between countries where »II parties have accepted planning and those where the public is divided led to a clash between the Australian government delegate, Mr...

...Hia words should be heeded by translating them into deeds...

...The big idea of this set-up i* that ' worker* and employer* from all over the world should take part in di*cus*ion...

...The real point is that the whole program of the ILO, the Philadelphia Charter, will succeed only If free labor organization* and fair labor standards are established all ever the world...

...To be just and fair, when analysing the achievement* ef this conference we hsve to remember that its power was limited...

...If the office fails, the whole program, with all it* ringing promises, it worthless...

...The President of the Conference, Walter Nash ef New Zealand, one of the most experienced and successful labor leader* of the world, has said this in and ont of the Conference over and over again...

...A committee of the conference drafted a number of recommendationa or model laws on social security...

...Sweden, Australia, arid New Zealand have such governments...

...It has now to do additional teaks...

...The Philadelphia Conference added to these aa ' / limited number of economic problem* which the ILO will investigate from now on...

...Finally, member countrie* should Reform their school system* ao that higher learning should become a privilege of the gifted rather than of the wealthy...

...The task of the Philadelphia Conference was to have the government* which sent delegations accept thia aim as a yardstick guide to their policies at the peace table aad after...

...The viewa of that administration are presented by the government delegates...

...Neutral nation* such a* Sweden, Switzerland and Argentina joined the United Nation* in theae provisions...

...These model drafts are examples of the usefulness of the ILO...

...But it is hoped that the United States and England will persuade Russia to support the same principles at the peace conference...

...Beasley, and Miss Perkins, American government delegate...

...just as difficult is the task of establishing a system of administration which is at the same time simple and efficient...

...Two offices reports have been published ("Social Security Principles'' and "Social Security Problems Arising Out of the War...

...These have never been part ef this League ef Nation* team...

...International trade anion* conventions are needed...

...The great success of the Conference was that all government* have accepted thia aim in principle...

...To do its work all three parts of the ILO must pull together...

...The United Nations have already created the UNRRA and various other international agencies, which will help rebuild the devastated countries, which will be concerned with financial and currency problems, closely related to the ILO program...

...Failare to rebuild fre* trade union* ia the Axi* countrie* may punish us, who have suffered from Axis aggression, rather thaa the Germaaa or the Japanese...

...This mean* that the ILO should have authority to review plans made by ether international agencies, for instance the UNRRA...

...Social aecurity aeheme* should provide against aa many emergencies aa po**ible.- Among those essential for good results are insurance agamct sickness and old age in addition to insurance against accident...

...Organized labor the world over ha* to pull together...

...All member* of delegation* were named by the government* of the different countries...

...Thil vote* t* a free voice St member couvtriaa which ^re democraciet becauae liete recognise free union...

...However, this means the United Nations without one of it* greatest members', namely, Russia There was no Russian delegation at Philadelphia...

...4) UNTIL Hitler cam* to power ia Germany w, ban the League of Nations which could pull together all International **mm*hsv The ILO waa on* such aa agency...

...In Philadelphia, each delegation consisted of four members and each member had expert* to help him...

...The best economic theories are useless if laws are not drafted which will carry them out, if the agencies are not created to enforce the law*, or if those agencies do not succeed...

...These require much more money because the ILO will need a much greater staff...

...it does not and ahould not control the organisation...

...It can be achieved, but in order to reach this goal, international cooperation is needed...

...The constitution of the International Labor Organisation require* that a government which sends a delegation should name one delegate who is a member of the most representative labor organisation in the country, and one delegate who ia a member of the most representative employer organisation in the country...

...Philadelphia did not solve this problem...

...These method* the conference accepted in principle...

...3) The Conference record is not one hundred per cent positive...

...The International Labor Organisation (ILO) i* divided into three part*: the Office, the Governing Body, and the Conference itself...

...What tbe American and other delegationa wanted is not clear...

...If stability of...