Where the News Ends
CHAMBERLIN, WILLIAM HENRY
Where the News Ends by WILLIAM HENRY CHAMBERLIN Was Moscow an East-European Munich? IJLTE know much too little about the negotiations " which preceded the publication of the tripartita...
...If aaj honest attempt is made to fill in the pirtanj we shall not see a world divided irte sasan* of influence...
...It flies -¦tTta*m->"a"a*m* the principles of the Atlantic tastier A*rj lev-ision of it will involve bitter dtglmaste struggles among the United Nations ppaan, and if left un revised, it is an open lulHStim to future war...
...Pi • IT is on this last point thai grave doubts arise * because of* the total absence of specific reference* toHhe countries of Eastern Europe in the decisions of the conference...
...In this effort, earnest and persuasive though he is, he seems to have failed...
...How can Mr...
...Presumably, this means an end—or at least a considerable curtailment—of the flirtation with, that curious Comintern-Junker amalgam, the socalled Free Germany Committee in Moscow...
...Kerensky srrived st this assumption...
...It has retired from the ranks of American universities...
...known that a Csecho-Slovakia and Kama had completed a new pact...
...One cannot feel much confidence in the stability of a world settlement that ignore* and tramples under foot, in any part of the world, "the sovereign equality of all peaceloving states,"' to cuote a phrase on which the signatories of the Moscow dscUrsmoas agreed...
...Dr...
...McMahon exhibits all the fine academic qualities which are so notably absent from the apology of the Very Reverend President of the institution...
...has just tost the most important game in its history...
...Adoption of the language of Article 4 af m Moscow Declaration officially places this earn try where it belongs...
...The important thing is that now there is a new Committee in Algiers...
...The new method is purely" dictatorial...
...zation . . . for the maintenance of •--—natma, peace and security...
...Perhaps the moat trying statement of all is Mr...
...The announcement m now made, however, and it is taken for grairtss that the go-ahead sign was given during tat preliminary discussions at Moscow...
...I including the Ukrainian* i may rightly feel that rather than welcome Russian democracy whisk denies them the right to s f*eerativs or autonomous status, am) which shows itself ready tc smht use of the old Tsarist ohauvhdst tricks, they would be much tatter off under the present total its lite regime which through prsssem they forced to grant thee* s federative status, at least oa paper, and fully acknowledge* their distinct...
...Indeed, he further adds to his carelessness by employing the term "Little Russian" as s synonym for the name Ukrainian...
...Francis McMahon...
...A just world order is the prerequisite of effective international coopers - tion for maintaining that order...
...Kerensky find justification for stating that the Peace Conference of Versailles intended to, and actually did, give this Ukrainian territory to Russia...
...McMahon objected...
...it would be anything but a hopeful guarantee of the peace in Eastern Europe...
...What hints and statement* have been released, however, give rim ta justified fears...
...f have already dwelt on Polish distortions of historical fact in an earlier Letter to the Editor, I will confine myself to Russian manipulations of history, as presented by Alexander Kerensky in The New Leader (Oct 16, IMS), by which Russian publicist* hope to bolster their claims to Ukrainian and White Russian ethnic territories...
...Stalin's willingness to admit China as a signatory of the general four-nation declaration probably reflects his conviction that the war in the Far East is definitely swinging against Japan, just as the tide of battle in Europe has unmistakably turned against Germany...
...Such a policy would not only be in glaring contradiction to the high ideals expressed in the Atlantic' Charter and the Four Freedoms...
...The first method was not democratic, but It did, st least, balance various forces...
...The terms of this new pact have not yet been made public...
...a distinguished scholar, has been "fired" from Notre Dame, for—among ether things—calling Franco a Fascist...
...The Catholics today who believe that Franco is the savior of Spain and religion are going to realize shortly enough that France's cause is, the cause of fundamental Hitlerism and Fascism . . . "Because of this tragic division between Catholics...
...And any publicity on behalf of such a secret body absolutely contradicts the most vital principles of underground struggle Therefore the new National Committee cannot be considered as representative of French resistance and still less as emanating from the will of the French people...
...But the profound silence that has enveloped this question at Moscow is not reassuring...
...Kerenskys assertion that Ukrainians and White Russians unanimously support "Russia's right ta the Cursor...
...The Ukratala* pssplt never accepted this Ttanst attempt to conceal their trot m> tkmal identity...
...The principal objection it te the revelation that "Russia and CseeteSiovakis recognise their common boundaries.'' This appears to mean that the Cseetui rteegr.ite the authority of the 1*3* Hirim-Smaf...
...Since then history has marches*The Moscow Pact has been signed...
...line," i.e., Russia's right te retain the Ukrainian and White Eoanton nations under her domination...
...Clemeneeau and Orlando, requesting that they and the Poles cease hostilities and send their representatives to Paris for the purpose of negotiating terms of peace...
...Furthermore, in 1919, the very year in which Mr...
...the Ukrainian People's Republic...
...The Soviet censorship is unexcelled, both in stifling news sit the source and in preventing its communication if it leaks out...
...The discussion went on for three months...
...General Gireaud, did not resist the pressure to which he was subjected...
...If it is true that French resistance groups sent "some forty leaders" to Algiers, we must conclude that these groups neglect the actual work of resistance and are primarily interested in de Gaulle's political maneuvers...
...If words have any value, this should mean no British...
...This has been hie dream for many years...
...Congratulations and jubilation are m nrdej Only six antediluvian Senators rmnam petrt fied in their ancient isolationist positions, b is well to remember, however, in the aaidf of our rejoicing that this is just the barjaning...
...The silences of Moscow are ominous and disquieting...
...Mr...
...It was nnilinataad that announcement of this achievement am delayed because of diplomatic objection*, nuaaj by an outside power...
...The Poles, second to no popple among the United Mations in the steed - fast courage with which they have fought the Nazi terror through their well-organized underground, must' be haunted by torturing doubts...
...MeMaaoTUrequiret nobody's sympathy...
...But in view of the above act ef the Peace Conference, wherein only Ukrainians and Poles were asked te send representatives to effect e settlement, where does Mr...
...No serhros underground movement can deprive itself of so many important and active fighters...
...IJLTE know much too little about the negotiations " which preceded the publication of the tripartita agreement after the Moscow conference ta pass final' and definite judgment on its significance...
...The contest took place in the stadium ef public opinion before an audience of many millions...
...We do not know whether the phrase about "Germans who take part in the wholesale shooting of Polish officers" is the product of an exhaustive and objective analysis of the evidence in the mysterious disappearance of the ten thousand Polish officers who were captured at the time of the Soviet invasion of Poland and never heard from afterwards or whether it was a mere polite gesture of acceptance of the Soviet official version of this incident...
...The Ma} of this country have made their voices sarai The Senate, with more regard for paa?2 than for dignity, hastened to fall mm E On Friday, by a vote of 90 to 6, it peassi i resolution which places this country m iuui ft bear its full share in solving the <-pochal Bret lems of these coming years...
...JLIOTBE DAME UNIVERSITY, the school ™-7 tnadm TamiKIl by bate Kockne and his j%fm Hiiimsnsn...
...We do not know as yet whether euch an important subject as the future European, boundary of the Soviet Union was simply left unnsentionod or whether a failure to reach an agreement waa discreetly covered by aflenss on this subject...
...Men and women toko have been risking and often sacrificing their Ores in defiance of the Gestapo will not let themselves be terrorized into silence by the agents of the Ogptu The genuine Polish patriots, in distinction to the Communist stooges who have misappropriatsd that name in Moscow, will recognize no territorial settlement that has not been reached by free negotiation with the legitimate Polish Government...
...During the life of the Peace Conference, Wilson and Lloyd George denied Poland's claims to these Ukrainian territories, which had formerly been under AustriaHungary, but they did not allot them to Russia...
...a man strong enough to compel, clever enough to persuade, and great enough ta carry through a great tank...
...Throughout the world you can find division between Catholics who hsve taken the progressive view in effecting a realization of Christian democracy and, on the other hand, the Catholics—patriotic, good, well-meaning people according to their lights—who are uninformed of the character of world trends...
...With the fall et T sans re...
...Kerensky quotes President Wilson's 13th' point and implies that as concerns those Eastern European territories to which the Poles laid claim during the last war, but which were not ethnically Polish, President Wilson and the Peace Conference of Versailles desired their incorporation is the Russian state...
...our age, so eager for clarity . . .; our century leaning toward display of force . . .; these will no longer aseept the -slowness, confusion and weak - neks Ahst easier times were willing to bear...
...and these hare naturally dominated comment in United Nations capitals...
...His followers make no effort to conceal the fact that they see the General as the first president ef the fourth republic...
...Aa anyone who baa had the experience of journalistic work in Moscow would have anticipated, the conference waa one of the most sesielivs in the annals of diplomacy...
...The non-Russian peoples then...
...It la difficult to understand on what basis of equality among the major United Nations the Soviet Union can claim an active voice in the dispositions regarding Italy, while America and Great Britain}, on the evidence of the published record, have enjoyed no voice i« the settlement of Eastern Europe...
...It remains to translate the fine mane, into fine facts...
...As history reveals that the Allies (with the exclusion of France) really had expressed themselves against the inconporati on of non-Polish land* into the regenerated Poland, we may readily assume that had it not been for French pressure, the contested Western Ukrainian territories would not have wound up under Polish domination...
...But it is something te nan it down in black and white that the aanr national organisation is to be "bases, so t*a principle of the sovereign equality af al peace-loving States and open to mem berate by all such States...
...Kerensky further contend...
...It seems dubious, amBnta] that any recognition should be liasanlii political combination so similar to a nanam tion of power -- - y% WSTOtY MAtCrasfsj TWO WEEKS ago The New Under seeatXj at the meanmgleas resolution through nhU the United States Senate was prepared tensnote of the teaks which now face the Unfcn Nations...
...In the eyes of Wilson and the Peace Conference the only contestants for these lands were the Ukrainians on the one hand, and the Poles on the other...
...There ere in France important resistance groups which affirm that the "Council of Resistance in France" is a purely fictitious body...
...Kerensky distort history in this grotesque manner ? a Has be so quickly forgotten the difficulties which he encountered with the Ukrainian national movement during his short reign as Premier of the Provincial Government ? , Has he also forgotten that the Ukrainian people legally established an independent state of their own...
...McMahon to submit all of bis mnjuuaeripis in advance of publication or delivery "so that precautions might be suggested by the university administration.'' This is plain censorship As any real scholar aad honest democrat would bane done, Dr...
...The composition of the new Committee matters less than the principle which controlled its composition...
...President Wilson's 10th point, and his later Four Principles, clearly indicate why it was out of the question to grant this territory to Russia...
...A general international organisation, based on the sovereign equslity of all peaceloving states, and open to membership by aU such states, large and small, for the maintenance of international peace aad security," is an ideal which moot Americans w0*0 Id now share, provided (and the provision is important) the world order over which each aa organization should stand guard is not vitiated in advance by obvious injustice, and provided that reasonable opportunity is afforded for peaceful and orderly change The self-denying clause under which the signatories promise that "they will not em ploy their military forces within the territories of other states except for the purposes envisaged In this declaration aad after joint consultstion" is a step in the right direction...
...CZECH-SOVIET rACl POR several months it has been general...
...Perhaps the representatives ef the Western democracies have decided to play,the role of Pontius Pilate, to avoid all definite reference to Poland and the Baltic States and to let the advancing Red Army draw Russia's western frontier wherever it wishes...
...Little Russia" was the appellation that Tsarist Russia forced upon the Ukrainian nation as its official agree, J»V reasons too apparent te *"arrant discussion...
...Mo doubt he did his beet to win the authorities over to the position of democracy and freedom...
...LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Ukrainian Democrat Contests Kerensky Statements on East Europe from Dimitri H ore-beck yt To the Editor: The current Russo-Polish dispute over territories in Eastern Europe possesses all the ingredients of a tragi-comic opera...
...The instrument of the determining factor in this pressure was the so-called representation of French underground...
...History does not record either President Wilson or the Peace Conference as having entertained any wish for such a disposal of the territories in questipn...
...Kerensky says the Western Ukrainian area* were "accorded" te Russia by the Peace Conference - a* Versailles, the Western Ukrainians received s communication from the Peace Conference, over the names of Wilson, Lloyd George...
...Our generation, so anxious, for result...
...The new one is named by de Gaulle...
...We do not know whether any of, the participants in the conference proposed or discussed any schemes for the political reconstruction and economic rehabilitation of Europe more positive and far-reaching than the published resolutions on Italy, Austria and the intention to mete out retribution to German officers and Nazi officials found guilty of committing war crimes...
...non-Russisn nation*: character...
...For the time being "resolute people" hsve helped de Gaulle definitely to bend the French Committee w Algiers to his will...
...EDITORIAL COMMENT HOTlf PAME LOSES •AM...
...the manufactures, falscious terms "Little Russia," *** "Little Russian...
...The probability is that the majority of these alleged leaders are nothing more than de Gaullists removed from France in order to demonstrate on behalf of their chief...
...The last war taught us that fine praam* are not enough...
...There is every reason to believe that Secretary Hull, whose understanding of international morality is much clearer and straighter than that of some of our diplomats, amateur and professional, who fancy themselves as more sophisticated, put up as good a fight as he could for American ideals, as well as for American interests at Moscow...
...that: ". . . in defending Russia's right to the Curxon line, Stalin is very strong...
...Dr...
...a tec met their -end...
...In hi* book about the army of the future, called in the French original Towa<-d a Professional Army, he wrote: j "A leader will have te appear, whose judgment is independent, whose orders are irresistible gad who stands high in public opinion...
...There east no no doubt that de Ceulle sees himself as the Fuehrer of future France...
...I frankly believe," he says, "that the basic disagreement lies in the fact that Catholics are split in the interpretation of world affairs...
...Kerensky will only make it w much more difficult to reahss t democratic order in Russia...
...and do our part to establish st the eaitan possible date "a general Internationa organ...
...Unless these are corrected by later developments or fuller information about Soviet intentions, it may prove in the end that Stalin played at Moscow something of the role of Hitler at Munich and imposed his will in the matter of territorial annexations which are in no sense an expression of the will of the peoples affected...
...This language is lrtumdei to bar out a mere triple alliance U dosnnta the world and freeze the status que...
...For in this he is supported by history, by the Peace Conference of 1919, by the contemporary international situation, and by the unanimous opinion of the whole Russian people, Great Russians, White Russians and Ukrainians ('Little Russians...
...They see that the future frontiers of their country are not indicated after a conference from which Poland was excluded, just as Csecho-Slovakia was excluded from the Munich conference...
...First Mr...
...But there, were also significant gaps and omissions...
...For a thousand reasons, indeed, a change must come...
...One can hardly believe that there has been such a capitulation until there is positive evidence of such a betrayal of the principle of selfdetermination, jn the shape of formal United States and British recognition of the Soviet annexation of Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Eastern Poland...
...Anyone who knows the conditions of underground work knows that such representation cannot be real...
...Want that purpose is has bean dear from the start It is nothing lew than personal power in liberated France...
...And that this Ukrainian state received the de facto recognition of the Allied Powers ? That the only reason the Ukrainian People's Republic did not survive was because of Bolshevik military aggression...
...He was dropped...
...This sort of plain speaking is out of line with tie policies of the Roman Catholic hierachy in this country...
...There is no doubt that in a short while resolute people will be able to open up the paths of conquest by bending existing institutions to new ideas...
...only as Ukrainian*, aad nothing else Repeated often enough, aw above types of laxity on the part of Russian democrats like Mr...
...pact which partitions Poland...
...At tans moment he i? more distinguished and influential than ever...
...DI &VAULLI AS Htf NCH LEA Oft GENERAL 08 GAULLE baa scored a very important gam toward the achievement of his purpose...
...Stalin is committed to continue hostilities against Germany until the German armies surrender unconditionally...
...That type of Catholic is now trying to crawl away from that limb he found himself out on...
...I intend to keep on working, wherever I shall be, for the realisation of the cause of democracy, with other Catholics who are working for worldwide democracy...
...The former group adopted a decree of dissolution and gave de Gaulle the power to reconstitute it The former Committee was set up by s complicated procedure based on agreements among different factions...
...We are now phajgaj , go forward with the other great allied peats...
...For instance, I thought it a tragedy that Catholics submitted for so many years to the policies of Mussolini...
...But what seems to be the best attainable solution may fall far short of being ideal or permanent...
...Has there been a complete capitulation to Stalin's territorial demands, demands which ninety-nine per cent of the Poles, regardless of polities and class and occupation, consider just as unwarranted as Hitler's demands at Munich seemed to the Czechs...
...Then he geea on .to explain that he had asked Dr...
...There is reliable evidence that the underground movement has taken on the character of an unofficial but generally recognized government...
...American or Russian troops In any pat of China, no British or A merit an troops fat North Africa or in sea-Axis European countries, no 6oviet troops la Poland or the Baltic States or the Balkans...
...Many clerical and lay professors of Notre Dame also share my views, although for obvious reasons they cannot express themselves publicly...
...McMahon is a loyal Catholic and jealous of the good name of his church and its institutions...
...The statement made by Dr...
...The Very Reverend J. Hugh OTJonnell, president of the institution, suavely revealed the true inwardness of tew^w%«w4 baswtes* in a public statement...
...la we lam practically no knowledge of the aigem-wis aad trains of thought with which Hull, Eden and Molotov identified themselves during the conference...
...Consequently there is no reason for granting to the new Committee a broader recognition than was accorded the former one...
...The Soviet Union now stands pledged to much closer military cooperation in the war against Germany...
...At any rate, it does not represent the whole French resistance movement and many groups refuse to grant it recognition...
...Polish national consciousness has been raised to a new high pitch by the brutal efforts to extinguish it during the last years...
...The defeat was . so resounding that it rocked the famous institution back on hp heels and left it in the position of a little parochial school...
...Now General de Gaulle is the only president ef the National Committee...
...It is to the well-known institution at South Bend that our sympathy should go...
...This past Was signed when Hitler was at war with tat democracies, after Poland had been irrmaiii It is s partition of the spoils of war fast a now to be recognised as permanent This type of treaty settles ******** an* territories without regard to the wisme st the people concerned...
...Where there is no freedom there can be no university...
...Notre Dame still has the best football team in this country, but a university it is not...
...Let's look ut-the bright side of the picture first...
...k is impossible to fathom how Mr...
...With irank hypocrisy he proclaims: "Obviously, there is no intent to violate freedom of speech or academic freedom, rightly understood...
...It remains to be seen how far the Mossse pact makes this a war for the freedom st al "peace-loving nations...
...So that from the first dsn of the Russian Revolution, right up to the present, the Ukrainians in the Soviet Union are effteisOf referred to...
...He is a fine scholar and an honest man...
...He must be...
...THERE were some noteworthy positive achieve* merits of the Moscow conference...
...Kerensky should elucidate as to just whose, or what history he is referring to which, according to him, supports Stalin fa his imperialistic endeavor...
...The former co-president...
...It is all to the good that certain principles of post-war international cooperation have been accepted by the three powers and by China...
...Claiming the Western Ukrainian and Western White Russian territories' should be given to Russia, Mr Kerensky does not bother to say whether they should be joined to her on a federation basis, or at least granted complete autonomy...
...We know of none that is valid...
Vol. 26 • November 1943 • No. 46
