Labor and Peace -Allies Must Create World Political Body
CAREY, JAMES B.
Labor and Peace —Allies Must Create World Political Body Carey Says Allies Must Not Accept Thesis of 'Guilty People' by JAMES B. CAREY Secretary-Treasurer, Congress of industrial...
...As the Workers Defense League points out, the Austin-Wadsworth bill would not eliminate industrial accidents, public health hazards, bottlenecks in transportation, intolerable shopping problems, lack of child nurseries, and a score of related things that create manpower shortages...
...The Britisfi and American workers are supporting the present war because they believe freedom and liberty are being challenged...
...They will meet together in Pioneer Houses, in extraschool institutions, in theatres, at school Parties, et al...
...It would work spottily and arbitrarily...
...It must also ensure the actual military education of onr youth...
...The students of these schools will live at the schools under a stern military regime...
...general point to be made is tnat an Austin-Wadsworth bill, if passed, would fail of its objectives for lack of the necessary machinery...
...Should the economic problems which produce war be settled first...
...Hitler destroyed Germany's...
...feel love and respect toward a military "uniform...
...Moscow newspapers commenting on it have not yet reached this country...
...Thif is the crux...
...These representatives would probably reflect local prejudices against the employment of Negroes in factories...
...It is the educational system of a government which is adopting the idea of an armed truce as the basis of its future foreign policy...
...The schools will be headed by Major Generals...
...Which is caase and which is effect is hard to say...
...According to Sherry Mangan, a reporter who has just made a tour of U. S. industrial regions for Fortune Magazine, labor is already grumbling about wage inequalities, the lack of integrated planning m Washington, the- inability of the government to impose •equality of sacrifice** on the various classes and groups in American society...
...modern war and revolution are alike: they are produced by the same conditions...
...The final argument against a labor draft is the argument of human fallibility...
...The Soviet officer will consider it an honor that his sons should also be in the ranks of the Red Army...
...and peace, not the most destructive of wars, might have been our lot...
...The entire system of education will be organized in such a Way that military principles will penetrate into the flesh and blood of the pupils from their childhood...
...So the foundation of a sound international order rests on outlawing violence as an instrument of national policy...
...Nor is there any assurance that World war ill will not follow Worm War II unless we find the solution to the problems which beset us...
...The bill would not create adequate labor exchanges or employment services throughout the country...
...A labor draft could not be applied with any pretense of fairness...
...We know internal conditions in t]talvV-Germany and Japan produced revolution and reaction and international war...
...The practice of paying wages to trainees has already acted as a boon to personnel superintendents in more than one industrial area...
...Or should an international political organization be set up to settle international disputes...
...In that way, Orlov asserts, ( "conditions have been created which are necessary for an adequate organization ef the elementary and pre-military and physical training of boys and girls, because in the two cases the programs differ essentially...
...It is lack of understanding of human qualities- which argues for the total guilt of peoples...
...But much of it is justified...
...Well, let us say that southern factory managers need 10.000 workers...
...William Green has denounced it at the A. F. of L. convention...
...This has become evident from several memoranda nresente I to the All-Russian Conference on Public Education when the problem of »poera*<» in^tmction was discussed...
...These military schools will be established in nine cities: Maikop, Novocherkask, Astrakhan, Voroneshf Chuguyev, Kursk, Yelets, Kalinin and Stavropol...
...It would stop the drift of coal miners to the towns...
...Mas* Creote World Order *T*0 secure peace, we must create a world order ¦ in which no nation can risk going to war...
...Some of this grumbling us undoubtedly motivated by jealousy, the "gimmes," or plain bad sportsmanship...
...Poland by France, France by England, England bj Russia and Russia by Pearl Harbor...
...The author of the Izvestia article tries to reassure them...
...Organized labor ia interested in permanent peace and international and national stability because intelligent workers realize that they are the first to lose their freedom when reaction and war come...
...War, which once affected only the professional soldier and mercenary, now affects every man, woman and child...
...Specifically, this machinery should take on the character, first of a legislative or political body which would be concerned with the balancing of force, and second of a judicial organization to be concerned with the applying of rules which are acceptable to the vast majorities...
...Of course, the machinery coald be set up by a National Service Board...
...This task can be accomplished only if our youth is imbued with the elements of military education from the time of early childhood...
...If this becomes necessary in definite canes, it is quite possible to organize, with the permission of competent agencies, two schools, for boys and girls, •n the same building, with seoarate head masters and staffs of teachers...
...We also know World War I produced the Ksdltfpps out of which the revolutions in these countries grew...
...Spain by Austria, Austria by Czecho-Slo-akia...
...Kickbacks on the Labor Draft By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN [Mr...
...Accordingly, different programs are being developed even for "general" branches of instruction...
...A good many shortages In the ranks of skilled labor could be eliminated by a more effective and widespread system of vocational training...
...It should not be imagined that after the introduction of separate instruction there will be no intercourse between boys and girls...
...We must create an international order where the only armed force is the police force...
...We must even give up certain freedoms to -gain security...
...Labor and Peace —Allies Must Create World Political Body Carey Says Allies Must Not Accept Thesis of 'Guilty People' by JAMES B. CAREY Secretary-Treasurer, Congress of industrial Organisation...
...Criminologists tell as that criminals can often be cured by changing their environment had educatrng their sense of values...
...Those who insist on the punishment of all Japanese, all Germans, and all Italians, equally, are strengthening the Fascists, the Nazis, and the militarists who have been telling their people for years that their survival is dependent en victory• • • What Orgamlnd Lobar Taiafcs 1*0 the mind of organised labor, then, a just * and durable peace is inconceivable except through the framework of some sort of worldwide democratic union of all peoples...
...The future fighter or commander must be capable of making use of maps unerringly, know topography, be able to orient himself by the use of maps and to apply a map to a terrain...
...Mlffrary Schools Trala Loaders T^rfost-War World HE first step is the hardest After the change in the system of education, still another "reform" measure" was taken, viz., the establishment of military schools bearing the name of Field Marshal Suvorov...
...and the Japanese labor and liberal lenders had to be liquidated before the military could take over...
...The way they were handled indicates the "climate" toward which the Kremlin is striving, its policy in the field of education...
...The French workers under Blum sympathized with the Spanish Republic because they understood .this...
...Its meaning can hardly be misjudged...
...Randolph, who is President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, goes so far as to say that if "this country accepts or has foisted on it any compulsory labor law, it will have retreated to the place where Negro Americans stood 100 years ago...
...These reforms do not pose the problem of education in general, but they affect some important details of the school system...
...There is considerable controversy in re gard to the steps which should be taken to secure such a peace...
...The only violence to be tolerated by such a world organization is (1) for the purpose of defense, in a legal sense, namely, to repulse any state which attempts to take territory or gain other advantage, economic or political, by the use of force or the threat of force...
...Yet it is stated that "its historic role in the development of the Soviet school system is played put...
...This policy evidently aims at making militarism the bedrock of the school system...
...Mussolini destroyed Italy's labot movement...
...But if the machinery existed, there would be no need of a labor draft...
...Orlov writes: "At present the system of coeducational schools has began to cause various inconveniences...
...You and I would not like to go back to the days of duelling, when every man avenged insults to his own honor...
...The pupils will wear epaulets and insignia so that they should from their childhood get accustomed to them and...
...It appears to us that the time has come for the President of the United States, the Vice-President and ether outstanding leaders of our nation hot only to point out the need for an international council to solve international political and economic problems for the enforcement of peace, but to take steps for the creation ef sue* a council...
...In Moscow, the separate instruction of boys and girls, beginning with the fifth grade, i.e., at the age of thirteen, was adopted during the last school year...
...Izvatia of August 10 published an extensive article on Separate Instruction in the Schools, by A Orlov, the head of the Moscow City Board of Public Education...
...The establishment of the Suvorov schools is one step more on the way to the creation of a professional officer caste in the Soviet Union...
...Yet the Moscow correspondent of Newsweek used the following excerpts from an article dealing with this significant reform in Red Star, the mouthpiece of the Red Army: -."Cadets will get not only a secondary education but also an elementary military education so that upon graduating from these schools they will become Soviet officers...
...This is hardly an impressive argument...
...Whole peoples go to war...
...Result: 10,000 white workers taken from their homes and 10,000 Negroes left idle, or underemployed in partially unnecessary cotton planting...
...N'ot only instruction but also the schools are to he separated even though "the peculiar local conditions will be taken into account" "It would be an unforgivable mistake to Plan the network of schools so that children would have to walk 3-4 kilometers to school...
...And they were right...
...for Manchuria was followed by North China...
...Therefore, separate instruction is being introduced in all elementary and high schools starting with the first grade...
...The latter is my contention...
...2) for the purpose of resisting aggression by a collective association of peoples (which is practically the same as above) or, in some cases, for carrying out judicial or political decisions with regard to recalcitrants...
...They would naturally apply to the local representatives of the National Service Board...
...The very Congress that is being called upon to pass labor draft legislation has refused to provide funds for adequately staffing the U. S. Employment Service...
...Phil Murray, head of the CIO, has indicated his opposition to a labor draft And from Negro leaders such as A. Philip Randolph and Walter White there have come powerful objections...
...rapidly than boys between the ages of ten and thirteen, hut between thirteen and sixteen, boyls make faster progress...
...The American precedent, the creation of our own nation, should be an example to the world The thirteen colonies under the Articles of Confederation were once disorganized and weak...
...Again, the Austin-Wadsworth bill would do nothing to provide training and retraining facilities...
...Girls develop mentally morti...
...WALTER WHITE, who is Secretary for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, points out that Austin-Wadsworth legislation could actually aggravate unemployment and underemployment of Negroes...
...This narrow and fallacious unwillingness to be our neighbor's Jceeper was first expressed after Japan's unilateral violation ef the Covenant of the League of Nations, the TtvePower Pacific Pact, and the Kellogg-Briand treaty...
...A great many teachers apparently have become nonplussed and terrified...
...It w aw responsibility to understand what produced the criminal pattern...
...other, America grew strong...
...The "reform" has evidently caught the peda- . gogs by surprise...
...As true democrats, ours is the responsibility of reaffirming the thesis or doctrine of popular sovereignty...
...It would stop the drift of aircraft factory labor to the shipyards...
...America's fieico nubility IX 1931, the aggressor might h*.vt beet stepped * with little or no loss of life...
...Under the Constitution, which rightly central izer> some responsibility and decentralize...
...Nor Would it eliminate wage inequalities, which spur both the pirating of labor and the practice of shopping around for the best job...
...Organized labor does not accept the thesis of a giilty people...
...The elimination of wage inequalities for comparable type* of work would prevent the drift of aircraft factory labor to the shipyards...
...It is necessary, they declared, because of the differences in the development of boys »nd girls...
...In particular, "schools for boys must have a differentiated program for instruction in geography...
...It is our failure Co Meonc%$fe political, ideological, economic and reHgious tensions which produces the periodic upheavals in our lives...
...At the same time, it highlights the educational policy the Soviet Government envisions for the post-war period...
...In manv iHy...
...Boys of eight years and over will be admitted to them, preference being given to sons of those who in the ranks of the Red Army, guerilla unifh, etc., lost their lives fighting against Hitler's hordes...
...In the one case, unrest leads to revofc tionfand in the other, to international war...
...It seems to me impossible to expect any solution of the tariff, trade, population and resources problems so long as there is no assurance of political stability and a world organization strong enough to punish an aggressor nation which takes the law into its own hands...
...Coeducation has long been accepted as a progressive policy in many countries, and it was hailed as one of the triumphs of the revolution in Russia...
...An experienced soldier will assist him...
...Each section will be directed by an officertsacher...
...For the time being, the system of coeducation will continue in small towns and in the country...
...We must go forward to the day when the attack on the security of one nation becomes the responsibility of us all...
...Each summer four senior grades will go into camps...
...In reporting that the coeducational system is being scrapped, American correspondents of the American press faithfully reflected the explanations given by Soviet officials for this quasireform...
...The result would be disastrous to the production of arms...
...The federal union has worked well here in America despite the diversity of our population end its regional interest* There is no reason why it cannot wwk in n federal union of the nations of the world...
...A program of pre-military and physical training and its adequate application is possible only under a system of separate instruction...
...This" reform was announced on August 22...
...A world order based on free people within the state and free people within the society of nations should be our aim...
...It could be used as a club to prevent any grousing about labor conditions, no matter how justified the grousing might be...
...Under this system it ia impossible to pay heed to the peculiarities in the physical development of boys and girts, to their training for work, practical activities and military service...
...They said: "Unless the seonscienee of the world is aroused and collective action taken to stop the aggression of cur fasicst-militarists in Manchuria and China, we will be sentenced to death, and you will be sentenced to death, and cur kind of people the world around...
...MATIONS today go to war when internal, economic and social tensions become irreconcilable...
...There is no_ way yet invented which will prevent men from rebelling if conditions become iatolerabk...
...Those of us who are interested in peace must ulnsjjelr interested in justice...
...North China by Ethiopia, Ethiopia by Spain...
...According to this declaration, the AustinWadsworth bill would not remove a single basic obstacle to effective manpower mobilization...
...Freedom does not mean lack of responsik^Jty...
...In Moscow newspapers that reached here recently, this problem is dealt with in quite a different way and in its broader aspects...
...Each class will consist of four training sections of twenty-five each...
...Adolf Hitler came into power and was, able to destroy practically all of Europe and...
...If war results from an "accumulation precipitated by an incident," war' obviously can be prevented only by the development of a world order based on national and international stability...
...And an adequately staffed Employment Service would result in more efficient recruitment and placing of already available U. S. labor...
...Workers believe that the age of the common man can be advanced only if, in the words of Vice-President Wallace, "the war is followed by a just, charitable and enduring peace...
...The elementary and pre-military and physical training, must not only provide the youngsters with the knowledge of certain facts and ideas concerning the army's regulations, training system, supply service, armament, etc...
...At that time, most people reasoned that only Manchuria was being attacked, Manchuria was a part of China, and China was thousands of miles away...
...In the domestic sphere we are secure in proportion to the extent of popular respect ior the law, the courts and the police...
...Yet there is a definite danger that the essence of separate instruction has been misunderstood quite absurdly...
...I have already indicated my objections to the bill on grounds of logic, principle, human psychology and the appeal to historical ex¦ amples...
...It is foolish to fall into the easy and popular Men thai ¦ . punishing a nation is enough...
...Yet he himself is so much confused that bis argument is almost humorous: "There is* no intention of building a 'Chinese Wall' between the boys and girls, of making them stroll on different sidewalks...
...Hence, although 10,000 Negroes might be available in the neighborhood, a call would be issued for importing white labor from the North...
...Anyway, whether the kicks are legitimate or not, the imposition of compulsion on top of everything else would only serve to add tenfold to the spirit Of rebellion...
...In order to secure a people's peace, the most dangerously deluding concept in modem life must be destroyed—the concept of the absolute sovereignty of the state, the concept which under fascism has been raised to the ridiculous heights of a religion...
...But there are many other arguments against it, some of which have been set forth with considerable cogency"' hri aiSfoeiaration issued by the Free Labor Committee of the Workers Defense League...
...Walter Reuther, at the Buffalo meeting of the United Automobile Workers, has argued that the manpower mess could be cleared up if competing administrative boards in Washington were only to be subjected to or merged with one over-all authoritative power...
...We believe Germans and Japanese and Italians were a lac sinned against...
...to threaten the security of America because the other nations of the world took the position that the security of their neighbors was none of their concern...
...To achieve this end, all of us have to understand that in order to gain security, we must give up the freedom to make war...
...Only their instruction is to be separated...
...Russia's Educational 'Reforms' - A Step to a New Militarism By SOLOMON SCHWARZ Noted Russian Scholar RECENT educational "reforms" in Russia afford some due as to the kind of future the benign Soviet Government envisages for its people...
...And it so follows that if we have a people's war, we must have a people's peace...
...Yet civilian manpower cannot be mobilized unless there are appropriate agencies through which it can be recruited and placed...
...Military Education Predominant I* Soviet Schools IN plain Words, it is the military education from the pupils' "early childhood" that dominates everything else...
...and (2) this responsibility leads to the creation of a world machinery by which conflicts of interests can be reconciled as they arise and before they can split the Whole world apart...
...We believe Hitler, Mmmolmi and To jo came into power becaeaq they ex - . ploited the dis a Sections of their people, and because you and I failed in any organized sense to produce the alternatives whieb would make it impossible for their disaffection s to be exploited...
...Modern Germans have been taught to believe that as part of the state they are exalted above all other peoples...
...Since September 1, 1943, the system of separate instruction, beginninmewith the first- grade,11 came into force throughout the'' country in all the schools of the larger cities and industrial centers...
...Let us build such a union...
...But -Japanese liberals and idetrlist* knew better...
...And «o those of us who want permanent peace, believe it is our responsibility to eat that (1) America grows up and understands that she has a responsibility to take.mart in world organization...
...appeared in The New Leader of Oct 9.] A TERRIFIC kickback against the proposed **" Austin-Wadsworth compulsory "national service" act has developed in the ranks of labor...
...Czechs-Slovakia by Poland...
...Chamberlain's first article on this subject "Think Twice on a Labor Draft...
Vol. 26 • October 1943 • No. 44
