British Laborites Lead Way in City Planning
ALEXANDER, ROBERT
British Laborites Lead Way in City Planning BY ROBERT ALEXANDER | ON DON (By Mail i.—Despite a conservative trend "^irnkh many observers claim has set in Britain, there is still much progressive...
...It acts as a medium for illMlftihiiT minerals and vitamins, and as a dilutent for characteristic flavors, ff we ever really tasted concentrated celery, carrot, asparagus, or onion, we should probably cross them off our dietary Bet forever...
...Graves sancluded that the Souther...
...Disorders in the South, the rise of the ltd KUrr Han...
...Erplarrr&if the first of these, Mr Graves quotes approvingly H W. Odum's opinion that "the Sooth has been invader...
...The LCC proposss te consols*** the dock region, making it toss sprawling hat msPSml cient and to build in the space saved...
...For another many inexperienced and ill-equipped firms went into the business with little understanding of the problems involved...
...Forshaw and Abercrombie and their •sseWatJ* could not be carried out in a year or two...
...Instead of having a great splurging mass of tenements, the city would have a series of small communities of approximately 10,000 people...
...Tot it is possible to remove the water from the food, roconstittiting the food later by the addition of water...
...few * ASOUTHERN Liberal is oneawbe thinks that certain of the more indecent nsardfestattona ef the Booth?rn system can be modified without disturbing the apneetial nature Of the system Mr...
...During the Civil War dehydrated vegetables, pressed into briquettes after drying, were used to prevent scurvy in the Union Army...
...Dehydrated vegetables - occupy from onethird to one-sixth the volume of fresh and will be increasingly used for our armed forces and for lend-lease shipment...
...Alternative plans are suggested on the basis of 100 and 200 people per acre, though the planners approve of the median figure...
...the region win '•means a safe resort where ministers and leaser light* ant stretch their toga.'' This would help to straighten out the "architected chaos" of which the Council complains A further te* in this direction is the construction of a vast "cottar...
...in return for their servfe...
...Nearly nine million pounds of dehydrated vegetables were shipped to our Army overseas...
...The Southern formula is a refinement of the Quisling technique...
...The report attempts to remedy this...
...have more or less shared this view...
...It can tolerate no dissention and erttfei Southerners must either conform or be harried eat ef the land...
...are the "^Wrtsslelafh* '*i»terfere** the mfmi hi <s*e fhxiUa...
...nti-imperiaR»ts might well Warn to look beneath form* for substance Aa attach apoa the funds mentals of aegregatssnji amcriaafaiatnna, and eaplaltedaa la the flsaO sr fat the Seeth Pari...
...ate^Bamm Food in Powder and Flakes The Story of DehydraHon By T. SWANN HAADING /COMEDIANS have long joked about the coming of the day whan we would absorb nutriment only in the form of pills or compressed tablets...
...These would consist of both onefamily dwellings and apartment houses and each community would have its on center, with stores, movies and other necessary buildings...
...The New Deal, it is apparent, wan teal to unbalance the South, and the Southern Ubergl wfla net interested in fundamental changes hi the exploitation system...
...There was the hazy peace ef Lincoln, eat short by his murder in April...
...If it was somewhat inefficient for us to lug around all that food water in peace it became almost criminal in warfare...
...tile habit of dangerous living— and one thing more, that is the capacity tot being pure of heart...
...And though the tendency to asoectote -plaateesr" •*» •Bolshevism" is not quite so noticeable bete ss ¦ the V. S, there will undoubted)* be plenty of seeenente of the scheme on grounds of its swam* ¦autre...
...It further suggests that as far as possible existing roads and streets be straightened and widened...
...The trend of thought of the Planners is indicated in their discussion of "communities divided into smaller neighborhood units of between 6,000 and 10,000 persons related to the elementary school and the area it serves...
...Ignoring H. L. Mencken's suggestion that the South has an "almost pathelogical" sapasity fot "believing in bogus messishs...
...Graves suggest that the fleutheir ruling class is fighting to retain its pielwgsfhire undei the Compromise of 1877—its local autouoeny, its socio superiority, and the talents which the lords of tht Yankee' North hand over to good and faithful servants TTHE South's lesson for Imperialists is clear enough * By giving the semblance of authority te a local class and by protecting that class in its exploitation of tht colony, the profits of imperialism csn be assared...
...It occupies about one-third the volume of the original -boneless meat and weighs about one-fourth as much...
...If individusbS irobs or are frtekan—oftener in the South thsa m' the North, or if Southern industries are marginal Sf> lairs with prosperity only: in boom tunas, the flriateiia ' managers have other rewards...
...But instead of a single Quisling dominating the political structure, t}JI conqueror* ai uie South have enlisted the service* of a class of economic Quisling* who take over the management of local business and pontics, M t H ' M social upheavals disturb the system, and dutifully deliver the profits to the owners...
...It is proposed that each of these little communities be surrounded by a park space which would ."form a natural cut-off between it and its neighbors...
...The S<it1tiiajt J i i|^ni|Si», whose major task was to herd the enfranchised freed men into the voting booths, fell into cotragtionand began to ranwtsaras...
...Streets will hp wieteus and buildings torn dawn to order, aa the "Manchester Guardian" pete it...
...The city, like Topsy, "just grew" without any special plan...
...Bar a time after the Civil War, the victors experimented with direct means of political control...
...a. xvoei, wnu v. n. r caac...
...Basic study of food dehydration was undertaken by The Agricultural Research Administration in the Department of Agriculture to improve methods already in use...
...They are the repotiusdaf >f power in their own regions, and they ackiweSnsge to focal superiors...
...Methods were worked out for the preparation, processing, and dehydration of these -foods and were then offered to the industry at two dehydration schools in 1942...
...This is the growing industry of food dehydration...
...It sets out to remedy these troubles...
...Eor the South, it appears, hi fighting foi Chivalry as in the daws of old...
...The economic carpet bar**™, most of whom were young- men operating on a shoestring, soon went broke and reeetrtad to polities to recoup thair losses...
...But the dehydrated foods were not especially satisfactory...
...Now that the plan haflteg announced it can be expected that these gentlanterag «et to work to boy up the areas which the gofers**** dfcsirea to transform, for die purpose of lulltof wM*f s high price It is already reported that such e •*»• cedure is under wey...
...It attempts to answer the anastlsn "What's Wrong With London?* and put it aright...
...It is proposed that certain key areas to the city— notably the region around the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Abbey, the vicinity of St...
...In the "New South...
...To be concluded) A Lesson From American History WILLIAM B. HESSELTINE "THERE'S a lesson for Imperialists" in i e ^ story of t S e - R e e o n a t r 2 3 ' Southi^lf^t the end of this war...
...Dehydrated potatoes placed in the same space will yield 3,980 pounds when reconstituted...
...Age-Herald Mr...
...compared with the 100 cubic feet of tap water we rjormally purchase for 18 or 20 cents...
...The program got under way for study of vegetable dehydration methods in 1941...
...The Southern managers, %» Ms, tip their hats to New York, but they tip tkea% mail...
...Such dehydrated meat is as good a source of minerals anfl protein as the fresh product...
...So far 1943 contracts have* been awarded for 140391,250 pounds of dehydrsted vegetables and soups, almost ten times the annual production of the domestic dehydration industry when the expansion program began...
...Immediately after Pearl Harbor pilot-plant or- semi-commercial dehydraters were being constructed...
...These parks would provide the playground and open space which, it is maintained, is so sadly lacking in the city...
...On the basis of the lowest figure, all families could be housed in private homes, but that is a mathematical impossibility in London...
...The ratio is dW^torl.1-- • • -• - .. - There will be a sharp increase in dehydrated vegetable production this year...
...S. far -Unconditional Surrender-) whe first aaed the formula now covering the Allied military offensive— and they have the problem of War and Peace all Igered eat...
...To remedy these defects careful research was undertaken by scientists in the Department of Agriculture before U'«-l-J Vl-„- T vm, osov M.nv nan ago Circular 619 was published on The Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables by Commercial Dehydration...
...In the wake of the retiring troops went the last of the carpetbag governors, the Negroes deserted the publie payrolls, and the states were "redeemed...
...Pork offers a more serious problem than beef when it comes to dehydration because its fat is more closely mixed with the lean ' and is also subject to quicker spoilage titan beef fat...
...Now, the war's curious reperesnneossi confront the South with a new danger...
...What is apparent is that the Southern Liberal, however accustomed he may be *to dangerous Wring, it thoroughly alarmed by the OUTEIEEFB who are attempting to upset the South> social equilibrium...
...After Lincoln '••Mat people whe talk * most ef the "lessons" of -history- namaily knew the lass* hhrtory and draw, more often than net, the wrong ltnaene, They pick ap somewhere that it was ' General Grant <U...
...g .4...
...The London Labor Party was built up originally by Herbert Morrison, now Minister of Home Security, under whose leadership the Labor Party gained control of the governing body of the metropolis...
...Negroes, hearing of the Fosr Freedoms, have aspired te obtain them...
...The Southern Bourbon took control over Southern politics, returned the Negro to "his place," politically and economically...
...Primary among these Is Mm V*ob\em of landmark...
...Of course the plan te net without oppssttkuv Some of the obstacles are political, ether eeeasmt* « For example the "Daily Mail" says "we cafiat help wondering whether snMctent is bstog dete new to bring this and similar post-war pleas within the harder Haute of practicability...
...American Indians dried corn, fish, and beef before tile white man appeared...
...It is flghsiml to preserve the gentle virtues which have been teeUM'Ssf by the aristocratic traditiea...
...Today it is still an important and useful publication...
...Potatoes contain 77 per cent of water, eggs and meat about 75 per cent, beets 87, turnips 89, asparagus ' SJ0, and celery, lettuce, and cucumbers 95 per cent...
...Mr Graves' plaintive Cry against outside hstasin 1 is cast in the form ef an explanation why "fhe Jrtetfiie South" (bis book e f that title was recently msWIshsil by Putnam*) is the most beUigerent section ef the country...
...The present report has been two years In the making and was drawn ap by John Forshaw...
...Look behind the forms to the substance.~ warns Professor William B. Hesseltine...
...Already 187 additional plants with an estimated capacity of 200,000.000 pounds of vegetables annually have been approved...
...Unfortunately for their peace of mind, the war hat loosened forces which threaten to upset the ftuetlri delicate balance...
...These Would take care of through traffic ind would also provide a quicker and less congested means of getting from one part of the city to the other...
...But, there are lessons in the South for anti-imperial ists as well...
...Our own ancestors also dried fruit* and berries, while dried codfish was the first food exported iron America...
...Most of these are converted canneries or iood-processing plants of other types...
...Evaporation involves the use of artificial heat, though air circulation depends on natural draft...
...Te the visiting Yankee of inquiring mind, they gffe storeetyped answers which assert the childlike irresponsiHtity ef the Negroes coupled with the esse*, a nee that Southerners—»mi Seatherners ealy— . understand- the black man...
...enough that the system needed change...
...granular in shape, and of the color and texture of brown sugar...
...It is the intention . . . that children should not have to cross a main road from house to school...
...Pilot-plant investigations on the dehydration of beef got under way about the same time...
...The division of spheres has benefitted both Northern owners and Southern managers...
...But—and hereto lies the especial virtue of the new arrangements—the Boiithsrim* ware allowed to manage the property...
...and more legislation in then...
...A ship's ton is 40 cnbic feet of space...
...Enabling hmlekshto a* well as financial assistance will probably be SUsm* from Parliament before anv such extensive SSteBJ* could be executed...
...snrtaaes lereL And...
...it involves the mechanical circulation of artificial heat...
...and the restless blacks all spelled a loss 01 profits for Northern capital: Moreover, in the West, the embattled farmers were rising against the railroads, while in eastern industrial centen &e National Labor Union and the Knights of Labor were holding out promises of a,better society for the workingman...
...It is planned that these communities win have a population density of about 186 people per acre...
...Many dishes made from dehydrated meat cannot be distinguished from those made from fresh meet The United States Army plans to purchase millions of pounds of dehydrated vegetables this year, in the main potatoes, sweetpotatoes, onions, carrots, cabbages, beets, and rutabagas...
...But there are also valid economic hiwdniilate • w* execution of the plan...
...Any agitation of any question* of clans or race, says tan Sou their Liberal, is likely to have ah adverse effect on the mat effort...
...The Negroes and toe poor whins) who seek credit at their stores or jobs in then- ajjssi and mills appear Before them hat in hand, *i iiihiinbssy pulling their forelock...
...the semUeaea St * power, and taw sacial prestige that inheres m beiat invited to seats at the baaauit tastes of the WtjjfiS&m The Southern managers live in columned — Tnrissa, lrive Buicks and Packards, receive ideologicsi^ssisfe4 jrtnxtion in the Ktwania and Rotary Clubs, fbrg§3P policies in the Chambers of Commerce, and havt toat •fecuted by the Bourbon politicians of the tSS worts, the legislatures, or Congress...
...Bat history has many "canning passages.'* And none ia more tricky than the peace which settled the Civil War ef 18S1-1845...
...so often SINCE toe Civil War by thousands of reformers and abusers that it is automatically prepared to defend Itself...
...The masters of capital retained control of the South'* transportation systems, its credit arrangements, its utility faculties, and its natural resources...
...This new product, for it has never appeared on the commercial market, is made of pre-cooked, fresh, extremely lean pork, is...
...It involved approximately 110,000 pounds, to be processed and delivered in a few weeks...
...But Mr.' Graves recognizee he claims, the "fallow travelers," the "socialiits and the craekpets" te the New Deal entourage, and by 1940 he felt Has* "the Revolution was over, successfully over...
...The great majority ef the Southerr people, w**ifte and black, are Victims of the Southerr system, but ft is only a useless irritation to sttaeh iti superficial manifestations...
...And in the hands ef a scholarly and penetrating historian these problems shed remarkable light on issues of war and peace in oar owa time...
...The plan maintains that there are four fundamental troubles with London as s city to live in: traffic congestion, poor housing, uneven distribution of open spaces, and architectural chaos...
...This plan, drawn up under the auspices-of the LCC at the behest of Lord Reith, then Minuter of Works, is an...
...has been tdeuthled in recent years as s ehnsthsra Liberal...
...The collapse of the financial structure ia 1971 ' was lasses...
...The net drained weight of a ship's ton of canned potatoes is 320 pounds...
...They ask aetktog bat to be left alone to their colonial status...
...As the "Dairy Herald" boldly states "London's street system broke down before the war...
...In any case the fulfillmsat df #a plan moat await the end of the war...
...About six and one-half million pounds of this consisted of potatoes and nearly two million pounds of soup mixture...
...THE plan remain* a plan at the present time, * was submitted to the London County Couaot ate Pssaed on by that body to other interested oiisuuu tion* for criticism and suggestion...
...Graves, fee example, supported the New Deal "I was a New DeeJir," he explains, because ". . . without a new deal, f nought, the free enterprise system in America could not survive...
...One of these latter lessons is that {her* is s certain justice in tiie Southern outcry against tin outside agitator...
...The luaftlj was needing nothing so much aa an end of Niw Dealing...
...Finally, the plan provides for a series of small communities, in which there would be no through traffic...
...Faced1 with this specter, the master* of capital abandoned the gauleiters and Quislings, the carpet baggers and the scalawags, abandoned political reconstruction, and formed an alliance with the Southern Boarboaa, - - * • *|*HE political symbol of this change in technique,was *. the adjustment made in 1877 by whic* President Rutherford Hayes withdrew the Federal troops from the South...
...Even some people' who are not intentional come' dians...
...V- 8teJlarsl* are said to dry New Hampshire mushrooms in tree crotches before storing them...
...there was the appeasing peace of Johnson, abruptly ended by the victory of Thad Stevens' Radicals: there was the compromised peace ef Rutherford Hayes in 1877...
...At the present time this is a badly bated slum and dock area...
...In November 10, 1942, the Department of Agriculture awarded its first contract for dehydrated pork for overseas shipment...
...indication of the vitality of the capital city's Labor Party organization...
...In thi* ares It b proposed that there be a national theatre and a pay opera house aa well aa other buildings of a atoanr nature...
...the Republicans abandoned the Negro to his former masters...
...When you charge that moisture up at food prices you find that the water in a cold salad of lettuce, onions, peas, and string beans costs from $400 to $800 per 100 cubic feet, and that in eggplant, cucumbers and broccoli from 15,000 to $6,000 per 100 cubic feet...
...It is aathmnf far saUgton and for—te quote the book mcket — "certain pars is ten 1 ideals which truly represent the whole of America anc give hone to us all for the years to come" hfowherv in his book dees Mr...
...and entertainment'center* on the south bunk af tot Thames...
...The proof of the latter part "of the formula is net immediately apparent to the reader ef Mr Graves' bee...
...of heavily mortgaged businesses...
...Britain's leading town planner...
...For there a formula, which may have universal validity, has &een wc*T$eT out, and oar nascent new imperialists might save themselves much grief by a careful study of the Southern system...
...owl,* Interests...
...Patrick Abercrombie...
...Yet this water keeps vegetables succulent, fresh, and palatable...
...Here, ia a brilliant historical essay, is the substance of a crucial period in American life...
...It is suggested, too, that each dwelling unit will have room for a flower or vegetable garden even though, as the "Daily Herald" admits "some of their gardens will have to be very small indeed...
...U ee , allowed te rale their owa region*, te receive then dae ebriosar* from the lesser ranks ef man sal to tip their hats behind a peat age stamp...
...For one thing blanching before drying teas largely neglected...
...i - ¦ 1 - active in tne neia, «v...
...The plan — vial ins a system of commuters' trains to be closely tied to with tto city's subway system...
...Such an ambitious scheme as that proposed kf Messrs...
...A SYSTEM so delicately adjusted needs constant defense...
...The present war brought with it a demand for shipping space OTpreeedented in world history...
...the Sostheraers receive the rewards of ntaaagam —the control of their leealltie...
...eagerness for war was due to "the psychology of defeajse...
...Its authors were E. M. Chace, still active in the field, W. A. Noel, and V. A. Pease...
...Flour, macaroni, oatmeal, cornmeal, and cereals generally contain from 6 to as much aa 15 per cent of water...
...The masters of capital were not interested in the details of management: they were only concerned with profits...
...A final step to making London s more heaststsl and asgssmod city to the suggestion that si MoV reads running into the city to electrified sad that they he rebuilt to ran asms* ground while ia tto city, instead ef crossing the Thames oa bridges «• s* new the cams...
...with the traditions of the slave *y*tem behind them, became the presidents of subsidiary companies, superintendent* of factories, managers of mines, supervisors of branch offices, and vaasfi >wuers...
...Southern-born men...
...Extremely sensitive to outside opin on Seetheraers alternate between lyrical praise ef Dials Uad and fierce resentment of "outside interfereaea...
...Of the first billion dollars worth of food purchased for lend-lease shipment only $170,000,000 represented dehydrated skinv milk, whole milk, and eggs, thhough vitami ntablets or concentrates have also figured largely in shipments to Britain...
...The profound nutritive effects of fantastically small quantities of those chemical substances known as vitamins, as well as of certain minerals, have lent support to this view...
...w e would do well to study again the saga of the South...
...Peel's Cathetml, and the area around the Tower of London—be set aside "for special perposss.'' fte example, to the first of those arena, only vaeteta actually heeded for the botldtogs to the area «• he allowed to approach...
...One ef the more recent pleas to he left aline cesses from the fluent pen of John Temple Graven, synsBcatsd eels• seat ef Birmingham...
...It is prepnud that the execution of the plan be extended over aferhd of fifty years, and that it be always subject to etaapJ ar condition* alter...
...They have tafias' about a "Double V . they have asaailed the iyMent at Job discriminations, they have threatened to nam* on Washington, and they have shewn an amradsnf env position to resist the impartial administration at Mate Lyneh"s justice...
...Generally speaking dehydrated foods occupy only from one-third tp one-fourth <the space occupied by the nondehydrated product and weigh only a fourth or a fifth as much...
...most be rebuilt at toast in part anyway, it ¦»amftf*t that it should be rebuilt upon some preeeneWmfWJ Itjs certain that so long as the Labor Party refsftojteusteteol of the London County Council, that usMWR ¦jM 911 fa its power to rebuild the city »o aa te "•ft: Pw mere comfortable and more inspiring ciqrtoJF*" to dwell...
...But the County Council's plan has ideas for making it a mere suitable capital for the British Commonwealth of Nations as well...
...It suggests two great circular highways to go around London, one of them around, the -outskirts of the county, the other nearer the center...
...The difference is merely superficial, yet upon it bj founded the whole Southern social, economic, and paTuV teal system...
...Dehydrated foods usually contain only about 6 per cent of water as compared with 10 to 80 per cent for most dried foods...
...weead be etrected • gainst those who extract the aHlauei profits front the system In tad teeth - and pnhosly te South Africa—the evil that men ee savings lass frees their hearts thaa frees their - A rital rafarmstlaa ef the fiWath weefid hjvolve plarhiag fhe pocket nerves ef New York gkuteeee j*d Yankee mdurtrialiwta They sfter AFI...
...The Republican Party sought to TnaintsJhTTtSStf lit pewet with Negro votes, and carpet baggers, both economic and political, migrated to Dixie to operate plantations, run factories, and sit in-the Mats of «ovarnm*nt The experiment did not work...
...The writer is one of the nation's leading authorities on the Civil War and Reconstruction, author of many scholarly works, and is a frequent contributor to the pages of The New Leader...
...Ti>e K e g T ^ d » « a V l ? P ( H P t o ^ aptitude for politics, grew restive under -the tutelage of carpet baggers and Republicans, and began to demand more adequate repieaentarjiig - asftsngJgsfcjjjPBo hnldars...
...If the Southern Negroes, the western Grangers, and the eastern laborers united—the very thoaght was horrifying—the system might collapse...
...In economics, the Southerners aae race prejudice to divide the »a emerged warning class, and thereby keep bath Benlhsrn and Northern wages at a sab...
...we follow the leadership of a F r f c 2 1 Knox, take up the White Man's Burden, and spread the Blessings of Civilization—at a neat return on the investment—to the backward p w d B of the world...
...Dried vegetables were also used during-the Boer and our Spanish War...
...Since Morrison's entry into the Churchill government, Charles Latham—now Lord Latham—has carried on as Chairman of the London County Council and head of the London Labor Party...
...Graves, ahneg with FsrgJanau Dabney end a haadfal ef other hsarnanets...
...chief architect to the London County Council, end Prof...
...j3mt ~ However, though this particular plan atef* ysayg *d*»P*ed fa its entirety it is almost certain that aafn kind of city-planning scheme will be agreed assgsJP***, London bus been badly hit by the Wits, and atote_f...
...They recall n phrase ef Lincoln* "With malice toward-none,- drag eat some hoary myths about the Reconstruction period under Andy Johnson and the Republican Party, and the term* for the new reconstruction after World War II become quite clear...
...In politics, the Southerners could be depended apea to keep the Democratic party conservative...
...Most of the foods on our pantry shslves, even apparently the quite dry foods, contain considerable water...
...Everyone, of course, is familiar with dried food, sun-drying being an old form of food preservation even among primitives...
...Scientific work began in the Agricultural Research Administration only in February 1942, and the problem was quickly solved by using the leaner cuts...
...It became urgent, therefore, to dehydrate as many foods as possible...
...That seems a good deal to pay for water...
...British Laborites Lead Way in City Planning BY ROBERT ALEXANDER | ON DON (By Mail i.—Despite a conservative trend "^irnkh many observers claim has set in Britain, there is still much progressive thinking, going on in this country- That this is true is shown by the enthusiasm for the Beverage Report, published more than six months ago, by the forthcoming White Paper on the reorganization of the British educational system, and by the appearance of several large scale city-planning programs, of which one put forward by the London County Council is the most extensive...
...Sf[^ The situation is reminiscent of the French auvsnV tion when Haiti's slaves, mistakenly assnming that "Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity" applied te Hat men broke their shackles with considerable bfoeednul Southerners—who "understand" Negroes eves beaut, perhaps, than they will admit—remember Haiti aai have RAISED again the anguished cry against outside iiftVrference...
...All of these plans will make Leaden a more comfortable place to live in...
...It becomes obvious that the food industry processes and ships a great deal of water which, in last analysis, we bny at astoundingly high prices aa...
...This was a new compromise in the long series of compromises which had adjusted relations between" the section...
...BEWEEN 1917 and 1918 there was a great boom ou food dehydration...
...THESE small communities would also be part of the answer to overcrowding and slum housing...
...Beneath the superficial " political arrangement which made Hayes pxesid/mt, lay a bask .understanding on the division of power and function...
...In dehydration, temperature, humidity, and air circulation are all rigidly controlled...
...Paradoxically, because it was leas formal than the compromises of 1820, 1883, and 1850, it was more binding and more permanent...
Vol. 26 • August 1943 • No. 34
