Where the News Ends
CHAMBERLIN, WILLIAM HENRY
Where the News Ends By WILLIAM HENRY CHAMBERLIN Ukrainia — A Thorny Question 1RECENTLY received a letter irom an ?????-ian in Michigan who had been following my reference? to Eastern European...
...Thfre is a striking and ironical parallel between the stormy days of the seventeenth century, when the wild free Ukrainian Cossacks, followers of their renowned leader, Bogdan Khmelnitzky, carried Are ahd sword into Poland in a great uprising against the Polish "pans," or landlords, and the twentieth century, when Ukrainian national aspirations again found expression...
...In Algeria we entered territory of an ally...
...No matter bow much we may cmasnneoaff the man's irresponsibility and setntbntaam leader of Mine Workers—both in tearing aa> self loose from the A. F. of L. and aow ? returning to it—has served tbe labor sei» mem better than be knew, bettor thai Jj intended...
...In a deeper terns D is coerced by forces too great far him p control...
...May I, among my wishes, include that for a greater consideration for the moral and Christian factors of society...
...The baste for my statement was indeed only tbe News Release of the "American Friends of German Freedom" of April 26...
...The concept adopted by Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt is the opposite one...
...As our men-are softening Feetung Europa from the air and as President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill map :ne strategy of the coining attack, the nrmdavof people everywhere are inevitably concerned with things to come...
...There may be as 'many as forty million of them stretched out over a wide area from the Carpathian Mountains to the Don River...
...The President of the Mine Workers kn plans too great to be achieved in jfiirlarisa...
...Our object is to be independent and free from all ag-gremeore," I should be inclined to believe that this is a very general feeling among the Ukrainians in this country and in Canada, where there was a substantial migration of Ukrainians before the First World War...
...Luigi Sturzo Greets New Leoder From LUIGI STRURZO To the Editor: I am happy to see that the motto, "Victory and After," will inspire the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of The New Leader...
...His District 60 never came up.to.sseA cations...
...But the defeat of Nazism presents deeper difficulties than tbe victory over the German army.- The uprooting of Fascism will take longer than knocking out Italian divisions...
...The cost in inen mid material" is already enormous...
...For Britain, Winston Churchill delivered a complete and crushing reply in tbe eloquent address delivered on Wednesday before the joint houses of Congress...
...Finally they were' absorbed into Russia...
...The leading German Communism, like Wilhelm Pieck and Walter Ulbricht—both now in Moscow—know very well why they are again asking for the same "local councils" which the Russian emissaries during the years of 1917 to...
...the .common people groups, representing anti-Nazi workers,' farmers', religious and cultural organisations...
...1919 bad demanded...
...but when he realized that I was not a Russian and not a Communist bei opened up and told of how the peasantPin the village had formed guerrilla bands to fight Reds and Whites alike...
...There were grievances on both sides of the border...
...When we say...
...fm troops and...
...Political and enter organisations at thst time stood up severely against those intentions...
...In...
...Lewis is only superficially teres his personal ambitions...
...with generals beaten on the field ef battle...
...He was whittling at our war aims...
...We are honored to print this statement by the respected Italian people's leader.] ¦ -1...
...blood and sweat CHURCHILL VS...
...failed fit his effort to establish what bt ad conceived es essentially a third faber fssan...
...Jacksonville...
...was the highest politics] sstaorfif) In December...
...All of this lies in the future Tea* is many a danger and many a difficulty at to be paased...
...In Italy and Germany we shall take possession of enemy sou...
...On examining the "Hopes and Dangers" of the future, a periodical like yours transcends partisan views in .order to extend efforts towards a common good for all peoples and all classes...
...of our Allies stood new at end WrBBBoid of Europe...
...And there are plenty of persons in England and America who would be glad to have the war shortened by agreements signed with such reactionaries...
...UNITED ON POOD ¦HTHUS far the United Nations have not been * united about anything...
...For almost two years it has been under German occupation...
...He was a little suspicious and on his guard at first...
...One could not count all these as Ukrainians by race, for there was a considerable number of Russians and Jews in Soviet Ukrainia...
...President Roosevelt has promised that there is to be s> complete military victory...
...CHANDLER IN his address on Monday, Senator A. B. * (Happy) Chandler was not merely attacking the Allied grand strategy...
...According to his view of things, sH that we have to do is to beat Japan and come back home...
...he added defiantly...
...They believe that for a transition period, each "local councils" are possible and are a practical way to develop a self- «_ government as wefl as to rebuild a democratic Germany...
...They were repelled by the autocracy of Russia, by the feudal landlordism of Poland, by the Mohammedanism of Turkey...
...And there were six or seven million Ukrainians in the pre-war Poland and in the eastern part of Czechoslovakia...
...while there is breath in ami bodies and blood flows in our veins...
...But the story of the seventeenth century was repeated...
...The war is run by the United States, Britain and Russia—with an occasional bow in the direction of China...
...No part of the Soviet population suffered more than the Ukrainians from the brutal measures that were employed to force through the system of collective farming...
...If, during the next a2_3 tion, there are other Hitlers and OtherS thus vision WlB tobe en the...
...This will be a good beginning, bat sM beginning...
...The Ukrainians were divided, the majority remaining in Soviet Ukrainia, while a minority in Galicia fell under Polish rule...
...And, while it is to the credit of the Soviet regime that the Ukranians, like other non-Russian peoples, were granted cultural autonomy, the right to use their own language in courts, schools and public business, the political autonomy of Ukrainia was a transparent sham...
...Bat losses up to now are as nothing in comparison with what we shall suffer during the coming months...
...I met a group of these Canadian Ukrainians in Winnipeg shortly after the German invasion of Russia...
...But the possibility of labor mnt is one definite step nearer...
...Meanwhile in Poland the Ukrainians were subjected to various kinds of discrimination aad were the victims of a brutal military pacification in 1939...
...Only by such a root-and-branch policy can the stage be set for the establishment of democratic governments...
...orgeaendbM, The "Raete-Congress" aff**# s democratic electiea, net ·*· for the National Asseatbf...
...There are, to addition, numerous minor and more technical advantages flowing from this fine of strategy- Some of these are abundantly clear since the brilliant victory in Tunisia...
...But we shall have the tremendous advantage of the European victory...
...1918...
...The world has never produced food enough to feed its populations...
...MOW Ukrainia, that naturally rich and smiling * ' land,' has suffered a new great calamity...
...On the other hand, there are Ukrainian communities in Russia and, Siberia, outside the frontiers of tbe Ukrainian Republic...
...All of this," he promised, "has to be retrieved...
...r*tm*i*[ accept the "Workers and JeMbfj Counci.s"—ever r their BB%eBB, form—aa a centre...
...He hi registered with hit Manhattan draft board by the imperial title...
...At the same time they knew that Hitler was not likely to bring freedom to anyone...
...In "what to do with Germany hi order to assure a durable and lasting peace," Point ? reads: "Development of self-government by local counc is...
...No matter how far labor men samt approve his demands for increased...
...Her forces, he asserted, will be in there fighting "side by side with you...
...wTtkm gsrd to tbe War Labor Board, the...
...Nothing less 'ban this is being paid 1...
...But, though William Green will ham bp slight justification for growing lyric over $t sinner's return, David Pubin sky is asset} right in remarking of his application fig s> instatement: "It is a forward step at as direction of a united labor movement h America and as such is constructive and hap> ful...
...They hated the Whites because they wanted to bring back the landlords and to suppress the Ukrainian language...
...The best that the eonferesjefcE produce is s vision...
...T - \ ?? JOHN L. LEWIS AND HISTOtl ?applying for rendmission tr the AanSf Federation, John L. Lewis, like...
...and united national federation as we hifj never had...
...to Eastern European affairs in The New Leader...
...The fight is to go on to the point of total defeat ef the Nasi and fascist military forces...
...There is a deep unity of need and panose and impulse among the thirteen or fee-teen millions of organized workers in this earn try...
...as Vice-President Wallace says, that in this war we are fighting to defend Christian civilization, we are not indulging in any over-estimation of the white race (as it was affirmed by someone in The New Leader), but are merely stressing an incontrovertible historical fact...
...There will be no complete victory until they are eliminated...
...We have every assurance that it will be triumphant up to the end—which will be celebrated je Tokyo...
...Since it is this sort of conflict, our first objective is to defeat the central power, the controlling partner of the dictatorial firm It is only by knocking out Germs ay, the symbol of organised barbarity, that democracy can establish Its supremacy...
...When and if the Ukrainians can freely choose their own officials, without fearing that they will disappear as a consequence of some secret decision of an omnipotent police in Moscow, Bjhen and if the peasants in the Ukrainian collective farms receive adequate assurances against the state exploitation that has replaced the landlord exploitation of the pest, then a happier'day wr...
...The whole situation will present difficulties which cannot be discussed here...
...The information Mr...
...Already the Italians are looking toward capitulation ex defeat, and all Europe begins to see the handwriting an tbe wall...
...The peoples of the dS will not have food or any other good fiS - unless this Hot Springs cc-ferenm isfl Iswed—and at not too great a IJHintg ?? other conferences of a very efferent sort...
...As a statement of purposes and ideale, we have the Atlantic Charter—which was devised by Roosevelt and Churchill...
...By retarmng tat to William Green's "house of labor" be BB> be setting in motion a series of events...
...It waa unnecessary to remind intelligent Americans that British outposts were attacked along with Pearl Harbor...
...They did not realise that if Poland was to become the leader of a coalition of peoples exposed to Russian attack it mast forego ideas of domination and organise such a coalition on a federative basis...
...It has been a grim ordeal for the Ukrainian peoples...
...But their independent national consciousness was not extinguished and found glowing expression in the writings of their great poet, Taras Shevchenko...
...There is to be no armistice signed with politicians of any sort in any enemy country...
...But they are coming together on matters of food, on how to produce and distribute and get into tbe hands and mouths of consumers bread and meat, vegetables and milk...
...1943...
...also for all assemblies ef ? country, provinces and esnBBPf nities...
...Food is basic...
...The "Wmtl esBp cili" demanded by the "Asnwfc* Friends of German Fswjemr would take the place ef tbt si-ministration without being ebetsj in a democratic way...
...Florida...
...HaaaV eaaa and other powerful leaders of tos dag federation are staunch Republicans...
...Many prominent Ukrainian Communists committed suicide, like Skripnik and Lub-chenko, or simply disappeared during the purges...
...However different is the political inspiration of The New Leader from mine, I find a common sharing if the ideals of liberty, elevation of the working classes, international order and struggle against all totalitarianisms and exploitations...
...After the breakdown of the Russian and Austrian Empires as a result of the First World...
...He was saying to all the world that we are in there shooting just because the Japs opened up on Bearl Harbor...
...There will be—there can be—no Derlens...
...The gbZ food map will be filled in...
...the larger villages...
...The very defense of human personality has been partly realised owing to Christianity...
...In both countries, persuasive gentlemen just a cut below Hitler and Mussolini in reactionary blackness will stand ready to take over our administrative headaches...
...German business leaders are trying to devise a regime which may be acceptable to the Allies...
...But to —. Otto Haneburg, pretender to the throne ef the AusCro-Hungarian Empire, found himself this week without U. S. support, without an "Austrian Legion," and without further grounds for deferment from military service m the American Army...
...His Majesty is having breakfast in the corner drugstore...
...their ideal was a free Ukrainia...
...Looked at from this point of view, the Food Conference at Hot Springs, Va, mams on the proportions of a great historical event...
...Nothing that has happened thus far offers any pattern for what must be done...
...Lewis already sees himself lest ing a large fraction of his old comrades Be the Republican camp...
...formation will be laid on the uns...
...It is for that test1 am he is now lining up his forces...
...In making his move toward bee unity, Mr...
...wul culminate in giving us such a senses...
...There can be no doubt, on the basis of the historical record of many uprisings and prolonged partisan warfare, that the majority of the Ukrainian peasant* hated both Beds snd Whites in the complicated Russian civil war...
...In view of this and of other aspects of Soviet rule they could net summon up any enthusiasm for the maintenance of the status quo...
...It is they who organised states and set soldiers in motion against us...
...This solemn pledge he followed up with an elementary lesson in issues and interests...
...He urged me to write something oa the Ukrainian question and summed up his own ideas in the following sentences: "The Ukrainians abhor the idea of being ' iacluded in a recreated Poland as much or more than they fear to remain under the heel of the Soviet or Nazi dictators...
...The Communists said we .were bandits," he remarked, letting slip his own participation in the movement with the indiscreet "we...
...Readers ef T. Swsnn Harding's articles in this and future numbers of The New Leader will understand that there are technical problems to be solved...
...Taken by itself—rf we overlook for the moment the tragic* lack of cooperation in the vital activities of war—starting global union on this level has its advantages...
...The Wsr Department has tacitly admitted its mistake in "flirting with monarchists- sad quietly announced the disbanding ef the special Austrian battalion — and the reassign-meet of the recruits training at Indiana's Camp Atterbnry, all 29...
...unionism...
...He headed the great sesgMmS the CIO and then seceded from the ssoafim He fought all comers with brave classic ?? and quick dramatic twists of action...
...Prince Otto is out...
...It is tbe ordinary American's notion that when President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill talked qf "unconditional surrender," they meant something more than the surrender of generals...
...especially in the larger towns...
...Otto of Austria...
...Reply to Critics Reasserts Dangers Facing Anti-Nazis From ALBERT C. GRZESINSKI ?? {** Better: Would pan kindly accept this reply to the letters of Alfred Baker Lewis snd Mrs...
...BUT partisan warfare failed in the long run, as it always does against regular police and military power...
...By launching tbe CIO be.gavelet initial impulse to the greatest period «* e> gamza tion and expansion which ear mW movement has ever known...
...The "Rsete-Congress...
...As the mine erisis dragged «2 he found himself more and more em eat limb...
...But I think we were like Garibaldi...
...It will lay the basis on which democratic regimes may be built...
...Anna Cap...
...The best answer to them was given by American tanks filing into Bizerte...
...Their "Werners, Soldiers and Peasant Councils" were meant to become the basis for a Soviet Germany aad the "Dictatorship of the Proletariat...
...They hated the Beds because of their requisition*, because of their efforts to impose an-desired forms of communal farming, because they seemed to represent a new Muscovite domination...
...Tbe fall of Singapore be described as "the greatest—or, atnny rate, the largest—military disaster in Britain's history...
...This week a newspaperman sought an interview His call to the Essex Hesse was answered by a "Hello, Austrian Chancellory . . ." His inquiry whether Otto was in hie room was answered by, "No...
...The President pointed this out with significant clarity to his letter: The forty-five nations "must see to it that no hindrances, whether of international trade, of transportation or of internal distribution, be allowed to prevent any nation or group of citizens within a nation from obtaining tbe food necessary for health...
...eiL has been taking a position more aad nan antagonistic to the Roosevelt adminbtndhn No doubt Mr...
...other leader, is playing a part which trasses* bis personal ambitions...
...The central enemies are ideological ones...
...The thirty allies have never agreed, or been asked to agree, on war strategy or peace plans...
...Local councils," as demanded by the "American Friends of German Freedom," never existed in Germany...
...He was attacking the entire concept of why we fight and what we are fighting for...
...The best hope for the future of the Ukrainians, as of all the peoples of Eastern Europe, would seem to lie in the progress of the ideas of democracy and federation on a basis of genuine equality after the war...
...been the tragedy of the Ukrainians throughout their history that they possessed national consciousness without ever being able to establish themselves as an independent nation...
...LETTERS TO THE EDITOR politics it does not so much depend on the intentions of faithful believers as on the practical effect which such appointed (not elected) "local councils," once installed, would have for tbe future...
...The TTkrBnians of the seventeenth century were constantly wavering between the three most powerful neighboring states, Russia, Poland and Tnrkey...
...We have already cut off Germany from •the East We have shortened our lines to Busala and, also, to Chins and Japan...
...From s democratic standpoint, such "councils" must be declined, even for a transition period, because for quite natural reasons there ie a great danger thst such a transition period ———————SM» could become a matter ef baf duration...
...Since lfias mrjji taken tbe lend in scenes which ere wfteS parallel in tbe history of American te...
...The 30-year-old Habsbnrg now faces induction in the Amy...
...Peace is to be concluded...
...Poland's national leader, Marshal Josef Pilsndaky, apprehended, all too correctly, as the events after the conclusion of the Stalin-Hitler pact proved, that a Soviet Russia might be as expansionist, as mach of s threat to Polish national integrity, as a Tsarist Russia...
...sense his blood brothers are all in the A, t. of L. The leaders of the CIO are ktekbw It-ward independent political action...
...Ajggjg who thinks his request for re-lnstettmaiiS the A. F. of L. indicates a repentant tbaa of mind or a willingness to reform is ???» pletely wrong...
...And the solution of the food problem involves the solution of si] basic problems...
...Lee* offers about the German "Werket and Soldiers Council" of ??* 1919 seem to be inaccurate, A* "Workers and Soldiers CuesaV were members of tbe intact trash unions anc of the two Seas) Democratic parties at tend nay in existence rthey were oeisgsaB-by those organisations ae« Smp had control authority ????.??» the community aad provaem administrations...
...The miners, caught in the present ?? of war demands, rising prices sad politest pulls, are one with shipbuilders or aeterno« workers...
...There are close ties, economic and historic, between Ukrainia and Russia which it would be disastrous to both countries to break...
...Our grand strategy, unhappily for its critics, has already been justified in Tunisia...
...I made an extensive trip in Ukrainia in 1924 and I still remember a talk with a teacher in one oi...
...But the majority, who remained in their homes, are threatened with death by the Germans if they do not collaborate and with death by the Soviet partisans if they do...
...The loyal citizen's deepest hope is that the results achieved may be commensurable with the cost...
...After more than a year of theoretical existence, the anion of thirty nations has actually no functioning body...
...This is a large order and one which cannot be filled without a complete democratic victory and an effective world organisation to prevent war...
...the Ukranians tried to create a separate Stabs...
...Just where and how the things are to be produced and how they are to be sent where they are needed—these will be tbe chief nutters taker, up at Hot Springs- No treaties tafffi signed, no agreements made But...
...They knew of the man-made famine in Ukrainia in 1932-43...
...Bat neither Pil-sudaky nor Ms successors drew the proper political conclusion from this proposition...
...The Senator's dark picture of Russia's future part in the Orient may turn out to be justified...
...Both from Germany and Italy news seeps out that reactionary politicians are eagerly planning frantic efforts to turn the edge of our enmity...
...X maddening mirage...
...This greeting to The New Leader was delayed in transit...
...A minority fled or was evacuated into Soviet territory...
...Largely a peasant people, the Ukrainians did not possess enough experience in state organisation, enough trained military leadership to withstand the pressure of the stronger political organisms that wished to absorb them...
...dawn for this gifted and attractive people.' The same principles of genuine federalism -and political and economic democracy would have to be the basis of any satisfactory understanding between the Ukrainians and the Poles and other Western neighbors, if the tie with Russia should be severed, v*1 EDITORIAL COMMENT HOW UNCONDITIONAL...
...Lewis, sre very good democrats ? and far from being supporters · of the ides of Boisherixing Germany...
...The Ukrainians are a sizeable people...
...But the Ukrainians abroad will be justifiably concerned over the fate of their countrymen in the Soviet Union unless and until the Soviet Union becomes democratized in fact, and not only in the fancies of the Red Dean of Canterbury...
...In Italy, Signer Gayda is wondering "what are the terms London and Washington might be prepared to offer," while rumors of the abdication of the poor little King and of hopeful eyes fixed on Slgnor Grandi fill the air...
...Human personality must be the pivot of the future world...
...Naturally, I am convinced that Reinhold Niebuhr, Adolf Held and the others, as well aa Mr...
...They see this war as a struggle between opposite ideas, ways of life, systems of organizing the human race...
...It may be taken for granted that they had in mind the surrender of the Nazi and Fascist regimes, the complete annihilation and cleaning out of them...
...failed to approve of him or of his SMtteav The test of the mine leader's — Ananas ag come to 1*44 election...
...The consideration of no other topic can be so surely depended upon to enlist the interest of the millions of common people...
...and their feel-Inge, from the standpoint of their homeland, were obviously mixed...
...Japanese morale will be weakened by news of what has happened to Hitler and to Mussolini...
...But an unconditional surrender policy followed through ruthlessly will, at least, leave the way clear for decent elements in enemy countries to organise and assert themselves...
Vol. 26 • May 1943 • No. 21
