Only United Nations Council Can Stop Onset of World War III
Agar, William
Only United Nations Council Can Stop Onset of World War III Wm.-Agar Urges Support of Four-Senators Resolution for Collective Security By William Agar THE most important question America must...
...But in bis offended heart, Gandhi is ¦ waging total war...
...If U be not to eome, it will be now...
...might ss well say it would be as easy fSr # Ciacmrmtt^pp?oe*a>^It^bim as any enuimai Likewise the United Nations police should punish us tf wa commited a crime...
...Signficantly, the most revealing tale for this" fighting writing man who is a veteran of World War I and of the betrayed Spanish Republic's war to keep its people free, is The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane, who had never seen a battle...
...If, like Helmuth von Moltke...
...The final result remains the same...
...Even War end Peace never filled my soul with ? feeling of awe, let along snch chefs cToeiiir-e as Comrade Dostoyefsky"* Idiot...
...By now there would have been no Gandhi and no Congress, and a decimated and enslaved India would have been fighting under the taskmaster's lash in s cause it dees not share with s people against whom it has no grievance, to make a wasteland and call it peace...
...But I have never liked the—suppose I eel them—civil practice* of Comrade Stalia...
...Snch a victory hvould defeat the victor...
...submits to the give and take of the struggle and looks forward to a conclusion in which each shall gain something and none shall lose everything...
...they cared nothing for their lives," that they had "felt and still feel the passion of life at its top...
...A system of Collective Security based on force moans that each nation must limit its own sovereignty to some degree and delegate powers to ? worm government...
...Shortly we will be discussing plans with Russia...
...I repeat, it is up to us, the people...
...It is almost certain to lose the peace...
...Short of accepting death for refusing to fight, the pacifist must be an accessory to the fighting or a parasite on the fighters...
...1.50...
...the whale world knows its plan and decisions can be reversed at any time...
...principles have an awfully hard time ecusmH out on top...
...It is bi-partisan...
...People andrrstsud at last that military victory will eely win aa the snpsrt unity to our treat refusal ? Tm...
...They sre rich in spt supporting material,"' ;. . THsx^sption that Gandhi is waging war may seent Strange at .first...
...2. We bad to read then it college and we read them afterwards...
...He sums up the resulting outlook with a quotation from Shakespeare: By my troth, 1 care not: a man eon die but ones: we owe God a death . . . and let it go which way it will, he that dies this year, is guit for the next...
...Gandhi's words and action are arbitrarily detached, however, from their violent consequences in the ways and works of Gandhi's partisan...
...and War begins at the point where the aggressor is no longer appeased and endured but . resisted and opposed...
...There is s grew ing realtsatiea that aeae dare watt te plan es til post · w ar wi Brieses aad disUlusionment set in again, until de-velopinr nationalism aad sBBSsssase rivalries drive each nation to grab what ft can for iu own security, or entil pissoisg internal pisfliBi* eeeaay the time aad effort ef us »1L • „ e , e A S things staad now, the United Nations have ? no urogram" far concerted action...
...Let us, |M rid the world of the Nazis and the rest *? take care of itself...
...Bat their brightness was accompanied by a complete lack of certain human qualities whisk some of ns had rather eome to appreciate sad without which we thought life to be ? pretty disastrous snd melancholic affair...
...Every existing human society—city,stats, or nation—require* a neliee force te ~'l* tain the peace aad enforce the laws wbM the majority makes...
...Since each government's primary duty ia to look after its own people, any «elf-imposed limitation of sovereignty must obviously advance tbe interests of the people...
...The Best War Stories of All...
...of Russian leras, no Dutchman...
...against the opposition within his own party...
...ram see the bread passe tea of American pa rtid pa tion ia post · war planning from the WveJ of party polities...
...unconsciously, he is forcing the contenders toward the alternatives: Kill or Be Killed...
...But we don't tbJtjfw Ii the enemy she old wir., we know exactly what will happen to us...
...As long as this persists, Germany is reasonably sure that the coalition will split asunder when the war is over...
...For lack of an enemy his strength would decay, his spirit corrua/t- His excellence is a function of his struggle, and he needs his enemy as he needs his breath...
...I realise that the future of the world depends upon the rapidity with which it will be...
...For while it takes two to keep the peace, it takes'only one to make a quarrel Any individual, any group, can turn aggressor, anywhere, at any time...
...t end Ration Book No...
...The quest ion we mast aaswer for ourselves is...
...Paradox HORACE ?. ? ALLE N is a master of "paradox...
...There are plans being made for a European hegen on y^exeluBiv* of Britain and Russia Is sure way to preserve a weak Europe until Germany is ready te take over again...
...there will be no use crying that a handfuL,of willful or evil Senaters sabotaged our future...
...To me, the mood's ultimate expression is the line of a Latin poet cited by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes to friends who came to congratulate him' on his ninetieth birthday: Death plucks at nig cor» and cries: Live, for I am coming...
...These ebeit not want a society of nations will senscHkr -to the general proposition of ? sUabsi alien just as they would subscribe to the tea eea-¦andments—bat they will sabotage sll attempts st collaboration by cutting eat dB...
...America needs to prove several things to the world before she can help cure the disturbed relations existing between members of the United Nations...
...Edited with an introduction by Ernest Homingway...
...Mo Mare Date* Csxog , THE Russians apparently felt differently uwf having lived among them for quite a iMf space of time, I think that I can anderstes« why they felt that way...
...Gandhi prevented acceptance...
...To survive, it can never be total...
...sure thst it is quite as good as I thought thst it was when I wss sitting on this Caesarian egg, wondering to what sort of a chick I would give birth...
...He hss used his dharanas, often rationalised as ^penitential," against Hindu industrialists and monarch* who would not do his will...
...We can peas over the cynicism which caused the Senator to speak of the poBee force bombing errflians...
...blsck on white, I am no k>nge...
...Indeed, the spontaneous good wQl, the moral support and the material reinforcement which Gandhi's cause receives from soi disavt liberals draw largely from this legend, •yhich, is shaped only out of what Gandhi says be wants and what he personally does to get waljt he wants...
...They don't They realize the magnitude of the task and they want our help...
...He has never made even an interim peace with them in his heart, Sir Stafford Cripps offered the All-India Congress even more than they had ever asked for...
...If it be now, 'Us not to come...
...They sense thst this refusal initiated the whole aad 11?1111 of event* which led the world back to wsr iag the feture mast be ssade bow, before the war St over, in order an...
...3.50...
...1 And so it is here with the questions of peace and war...
...After sll, I am only a middle-class little Dutch boy and the Russian approach towards life hss always been very different from that as practiced among the Calvinistic burghers of my native land...
...long as they allowed me to stew in my Dsdm cocoa...
...The Senate alone can commit as, and the Senate, at present writing, fat net inclined te do so—' a fact which very likely reflects the Sena:t -„ conception of the desires ef most Americans If that conception ia correct, the other nation* must plan without as, at least for . the present If it is not correct, the people must force the: neunte to act at once...
...If tbe big and strong won't do that, tbe whole idea collapses...
...Thirty-two were agabat it...
...If we can face the {tarn with this resolution, or one essentially bat ft, already adopted aa the declared policy ef tin United States Senate advising and cooperate* with the President, the door to united actimuw be opened...
...Bat the bald explanation can never trsnsmit the subtle analysis elaborated by VaOea, This article is of two parts, the second Of Which will appear next week...
...1 —Will the United States participate In any plan for post- war collective security based on force, or will it not ? This statement does not imply we believe our country » the only important one...
...We can only do this by commiting ourselves quickly to the basic proposition that the United States will work for and adhere to a system of collectier security backed by armed forces which shall let potential aggressors know an attack on one is an attack on all...
...3. That we want a United Nations conn eil how so as to attain political unity during the war and a plan for dealing with reconquered territory and eventually with Germany...
...fcipw Gindhi is our generation's Old Master of psychological warfare...
...We need to prove we know: 1. That national governments can no longer guarantee the security of their citizens alone, but thst some sort of international reoperation is needed...
...and victory is ever a chance and never a fate...
...e * * The Kremlin *T"HERE is the problem of Uncle Joe-Joe in * the Kremlin...
...101 to 113), aa he well knew they would, Annie Besant denounced him as the cause of the slaughter of Malabar...
...I worked at that nifty for quite a long time bat now that I have it before me...
...As far as I myself was concerned...
...Van Loon's Diary Of the Kremlin and Dutch Chocolate Of Gnu/, Gell, aad de Goalie ALL Gaul is divided into three parts: Pe-tarn...
...Ruskin urged thst wsr is s game expressing the full personal power of the human creature: "when well-played, it determines who is the best man...
...Raman, "a settlement could have been reached in March with Sir Stafford Cripps...
...Nor war's wild note nor glory's^ peal Shall thrill with fierce delight Those hearts that never more may feel The rapture of the fight...
...end in- order to overcome party -division and trends toward deliquescence...
...They were full of troubled people bat their troubles never seemed to grip us as they should have done, and the reason we married each other may have been the fact that in a world of Russian literature worshippers we were rank outcasts, who secretly felt that they should be slightly ashamed of themselves...
...No use telling me thst those sacrifices were not made for us but that they made them for themselves...
...Wb can do it...
...but justice without force is impotent" Yet on April 18th only 24 Senators...
...Or will there be only vague promises—promises which Russia would be a fool to take seriously ? Which of these is true will make a big difference...
...Oxford University Press...
...then, can that caste-born prince of peace be said to wage war...
...Once we have oar own answers dearly in mind we can make the recalcitrant Senators act But wo meet really think the" answers through...
...Bat wb meet trot undo**f snd that whether or net we want to cooperate with other nations hi of no impel tenet...
...Ie other words: Out with the British!—no matter what price in life and suffering and slavery the Indian multitudes pay...
...I never, for instance, could get really interested in the'writings of the great Russian masters...
...I hste, loath and abhor Adolf Hitler and all his works...
...Had Gandhi willed it," writes Mr...
...Ih a word, peace, to be preserved, must be enforced...
...It is *yll true as Pascal wrote long eg* that: "Force without justice is tyrsasy...
...It is destruction and death for the victor no less thsn for the vanquished...
...The readiness is all...
...He may be said, indeed, to have developed and perfected it as a political Instrument, with techniques fitted to the folkways and mores of his land, and to the religious professions snd political preferences of western liberals...
...1?7...
...This unsettled state of affairs on the United Nations side can easily lose the war...
...MEN AT WAR...
...No autter bow 'Intelligently world-minded ear administration is...
...I have always agreed with the late Frees*** of Prussia that "any fool can- rule with Snv chine guns...
...and Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes told his fellow-veterans of the Civil War, those men who "were gentle...
...the enemy to do what we will...
...As a "disciple" of William - James and John Dewey hi* main intellectual delight is in...
...The end reealt may be, not an isolationist America, bat an isolated, cynical, bitter America reaching out for im own security at the expense of others...
...That is the only way it will work...
...Thirty-two weald not commit thimsShm Eight were unavailable That is a dangerous state of affairs...
...In the meantime Great Britain and most of the Governments in^xiW lean towards Russia as their bulwsrkagainst future German aggression...
...In the degree that yon bold the warlike life to be the best life, you committ yourself to the preservation and equal prosperity of your enemy...
...they must plan without us...
...In the degree that the initiatives of^Gsndhi's "non-violent" warfare have won victories, they have won, not because the power he attacked was weaker than he, but because, now for almost half a century, ? conducts itself according to rules and by methods which concede his right to fight, acknowledges the human pertinence of his party's desires and aspirations, and because, hence, if...
...If we fail to make America cooperate there will be no use looking for scapegoats...
...consequently, en unstable, short-lived armistice, then war...
...And I have one consolation...
...ever, the nobis...
...taking the "irrecon-eiliable absolutes" which human thought likes to create ss guides to thinking, and puncturing them .with the weapon of pragmatic analysis...
...Thus war is cooperation as well as competition...
...But we find the same attitude in'Hamlet, overruling his own monitions of death...
...Only United Nations Council Can Stop Onset of World War III Wm.-Agar Urges Support of Four-Senators Resolution for Collective Security By William Agar THE most important question America must answer, and one of the rfost important questions that faces the whole warf...
...Raman feels Gandhi,to be a Yedic warrior waging war is suggested...
...heart ef every agreement Senator Taft distinguished himself by nssnw the true*tion off with the fatuous ? snunTlta ' it would be "as easy for the United Nefat police force ?» bomb New York as Berus...
...If we win...
...I wish now to discuss whst this relationship of >s>ar to peace implies for those who assert that war is the be-all and end-all of our existence and the highest perfection of human culture...
...It is true, too, that the L sited ?«??| are not winning the war at the present moment...
...On the contrary: that aggressors shall be restrained and peace prolonged requires always the threat, and sometimes the act of war...
...those who could be reached favored Usbst States participation in an international poftsi force to preserve peace...
...WHATDOES GANDHI WANT...
...I therefore find myself in s position where my heart overflows with sincere gratitude towards our Bolshevik friends for doing such a magnificent job at killing off Nazis...
...Bom Into the Vaishya caste, in a family-w.ith a tradition for its men of administrative careers in the service of a local princeling, Gandhi felt himself cut off from such a career ieiter a rude and stupid British official from wljomb.e had asked a favor had ordered a servant to lay contaminating hands on him, and throw him, .out...
...entirely surrounded by all sort* of dUeeaael and I am trying to stick to s few prineifafM bot when yon want that cbocolatt a* badly...
...He is making its issue All or Nothing...
...As Thomas Jefferson wrote to Madame de Steel in 1807, "When wrongs are pressed because it is believed they will be borne, resistance becomes morality...
...I had decided that ? world being as large as it was, I would aOs* the Russians to stew tn their own *Tas*\fl...
...Neither you nor be seek each other's slaughter, each seeks superiority in a struggle where the victory of one must never be such as to prevent the other from fighting again...
...How...
...pocketed the insult," be wrote in his Autobiography...
...if it be not now, yet it will come...
...To experience thst passion, you must, having conquered fear, caring nothing for your life, still remain alive...
...Crown Publishers...
...street before the war is finished, what we do is necessarily of great interest to everyone else...
...T*HAT kind of peace is not peace, but d es true-*'tioe...
...About February 9, 1943, he began the tenth of the dharanae or aggressive fastings which are hi*.most.effective personal means of waging war...
...entirely to the warlike...
...This BntyaPj rather double-faced sort of ethics...
...avail we cooperate, or shall we have Warbt War Hi ? It matter, not at all walcher we like the body ansa...
...you see wsr ss "a part of God's world order," saving it from materialism, if war is your religion, if you believe that the* peak and ecstacy of life is reached only in combat and through combat, then the continued presence of a foeman worthy of your strength and skill is the indispensable condition of your reaching that peak and experiencing that ecstacy...
...Undoubtedly, they make sense to some people be* they do not make sense to me, and God knows, I have troubles enough as it is without going back to the classics to look for more...
...A MERICA must act soon...
...Hundreds of thousands of Germans are being killed and millions of them are being wounded and that as far as I am concerned, is the purpose t* which we are fighting this war...
...In the warrior's heaven, Valhalla, which is the symbolic immortality of battle, both vanquished and victors rise to fight again...
...I am sort of beating around ?? bush, but as I told you s moment ago, I...
...This does not mean the other United Nations want to leave aa out ef their plans...
...They do not believe we will take part in any scheme te keep the peace...
...They BBS*, brighter than all their enemies put together...
...We defy augury...
...I have just been rending in Ernest Hemingway's Men at Warf and in- Raman's cool yet sympathetic assembly of Gandhi's own Statement of What Ganiki Went...
...that we are convinced the alternative to cooperation is chaoa aad another war...
...But ?* ef the purest Russian style sn<i f people m»i me where I learned it, I can truthfully snswsr, "from Uncle Joe, in the Kremlin...
...114, the-iour-Sen-ator Resolution, introduced by Senator Ball on March 16th of this year, contemplates the first indispensable step, namely action by the United States Senate...
...Moat discussions of the -world after the war revolve around differences among the United Nations, boundary problems, the possible actions and claims of this^or that nation, fear of what one or another may do...
...Bat to a eaatoman it was "an insult beyond pardon, beyond redress, and I believe Vt to be the spring and drive of Gandhi's subsequent conduct and philosophy of life The Brahmena doctrine and discipline enabled the offended man to turn his impotence into a weapon of aggression against the British in a Warfare which be has never relaxed...
...Yet they did declare themselves against tie only means of preserving order...
...The fact remains that he knows perfectly well any system of eotlaetive security mast be based on the firm intention of peace-loving nations to abide by tbe law...
...and war, as the classical writer on war, Carl von Clausewitx, defines it, "is an act of violence for the purpose qf...
...is necessary for the American people to back right-minded Senators now, and force the issue...
...as it destroys, it must recreate...
...There is reason to believe that just as the religion of the pacifist commits the believer in.peace to the waging ot war, so the religion of the warrior comautsrtlteaetiever in War to the ways of peace, that) it asaiceilatM peace to war as one of the components of war...
...If you abolish the condition, you condemn the warrior in you to death...
...the Hon...
...But, if we approach our potent...
...I agree with my wife that those two books (she has the same background a* I did, except that she hail* from Pennsylvania) never played half as great a role in our lives aa those two modern volumes, known ss Ration Book No...
...That Mr...
...chance is there for that now ? " Senate Resolution No...
...4 ' I knew...
...They er* the people we mum live with and work with on a globe grown ex-reedugiy smell...
...Oa KHiise...
...honest and unadulterated chocolate ? th#nH fore behoove* me to be very ntce to Uaess...
...such a conclusion as"Sir Stafford offered...
...The scheme worked beautifully I ??*# went to Moscow and Joe Stalin did not come· Old Greenwich aad so we did not get into essb other's hair.- But now the scene ha* ?????*1 There is no Dutch cocoa left (the Nasi swam gobbled it all up long ago) and without abut...
...Naxh AND now I am in the midst of half a dosen late Byzantine enigmas...
...Unless our newspapers are deliberately trying to misguide us, the followers of Comrade Stalin are by far the most successful of all the allied forces when it comes to exterminsting Germans...
...for even if I do not quite spprove of Mav4H is the unci* who ie going to give me my dSM ef chocolate if ever I again hope to partake wk that pleasant beverage...
...I shall therefore masse a present of it to my revered Congresrwoman...
...as win we shall, we should have a clear picture of what wo will do with victory...
...They seemed to make a terrific fuss about certain things which during the days of my youth either did not exist or if they did exist were not mentioned, or if they were mentioned merely, caused a somewhat surprised raising of the eye-brow* and the bored remark, "Why didn't they straighten the mess oat and pavjheir-'bjlls and get sobered up and marry or iBvorce the girl and then look for a job and for a change do a decent day's work...
...The fact seems to be that during more than a generation, Gandhi has never incurred that sin...
...Hemingway, speaking for himself, says that he felt at first that he couldn't be killed...
...B. Luce, who is better at that sort of thing than I and who amy bare an inner track to the State Department and who therefore may be able to do something with it As for me, I confess that present-day French politics are too much for me...
...I have little love for Uncle Joe-Joe and the way he makes history...
...0* coucee, his legend makes him out a great pacifist who abhors violence...
...But that old offense could accept nothing short of the »upreme expiation: the elimination of the offender...
...129 pp...
...Tbk is ? pattern to watch...
...The record shows that peace is not the opposite of wsr snd separable from it...
...I know the sacrifices they have made for us...
...PORTTJNATELY, this observation need not be * entirely abstract and dialectical...
...Poland is left stranded apparently without any friends...
...Something of this sentiment emerges also from the confused assemblage of tales and stories with which Ernest Hemingway thinks he can show how men have fought and died...
...28, 1942], I pointed out that a genuine faith in peace is a commitment to fight for it ? pacifist who is not ready to fight for peace assures the persistence of war either by contributing in non-combative ways to the waging of War, or by abandoning the world...
...possible to kill the greatest number of Germans within the shortest space of time...
...I mean this...
...But I have never had much love for the wsy Russia made history, regardless of in whose name it was being made...
...So maybe what we plan is purely of arademif interest...
...I bad found no difncaMg ¦ solving this problem...
...The British have always had the power but never the will to rub out the whole Congress movement Had Gsndhi been fighting a tribe like the Nippon axis, whose wars are murderous predation and not combat, the will would have anticipated and perhaps even outrun the power...
...He set an impossible price...
...The same will be use-easary in aa enlarged, international sseiety...
...On Peace and War §v...
...I do ju*t now—well then...
...2. That we know peace can only be based on justice, on law willingly adhered to and backed by force...
...That may well be true, but bp then the die will be east and ruin will be just around the corner...
...The pacifist proclaiming peace must carry on a righteous war to convince others of peace...
...The entire meaning of the experience of battle seems to rest in a sort of initiation, seems to turn on being blooded, on undergoing the baptism of fire, and being thereby freed from fear...
...Gandhi made his requirement explicit ir the rationalisation of it which be wrote in uis Appeal to the British: "Let them entrust India to God or, in modem parlance, to anarchy...
...It is largely ear fsuit...
...It calls for political unity to prosecute the war, to «tankst temporary administration over reconquered bah, and to administer relief and economic rehuhnV tation...
...She is justified in believing that the longer she resists the smaller are the chances for concerted action against her...
...Most of his non-violent initiatives hsve brought violent consequences (Raman, pp...
...Men live, they think, for The stern joy that warriors feel In formen worthy of their steel...
...Will those discussions be based on the certainty that the United States cooperating with Great Britain as the strong representatives of the Wee tern Democracies intends to guarantee the security of other nations while working for its own...
...Why should they...
...Our allies do not trust us...
...Bat, if they caat plan with us...
...It advocate* the establishment of anv chinery for peaceful settlement of disputsstln] the maintamance of whatever force is ueeaaarf to compel obedience...
...The warfare is not total but civilised— that is, its premises and goal are the state of peace...
...By T. A. -«deton...
...NorwsglA Dane, Swede, Belgian or whet have yon <· ever again have so much as s single...
...And the Prime Minister ef Great Britain speaks of European and Asiatic councils without reference to the Atlantic or the Pacific, that is to America...
...That is wiry plaeninf ia is the afar mow...
...Then he was wounded, and after that he felt that he had survived the worst, that now death had no terrors...
...Nam ? the Senators who rejected the idea of sb iatar-riational police force would go on recent a fsvoring "World War III" or as being agaapt "international order...
...rVISCUSSING the morals of pacifism in The New Leader [Feb...
...It is not selfishness, it is legitimate self-interest...
...conversely the " warrior glorying in the ecstasy of purpose cannot completely demolish sn enemy, for that would remove a raison d'etre of conflict...
...verse from the Bhagavada Gita —the Warrior's Song—which he puts on his title page: frt But if thou wilt not carry on this righteous warfare, then wilt thou, casting away thine own duty and thine honour, incur sin...
...Indeed, to metaphysicians like Nietzsche and Emerson, to moralists like Ruskin and Spengler, this wss of war's essence...
...Nor has Gandhi confir.ed his psychological warfare to the British...
...Not that Uncle Joe-Joe or kB predecessors were exactly fools...
...Giraud and de Gaulle proper...
Vol. 26 • May 1943 • No. 18
