Firmness With Franco Can Push Spain Out of Hitlers Orbit
CASTELAR, PAUL
Firmness With Franco Can Push Spain Out of Hitlers Orbit Nazis Use Spanish Posts, But Franco Fears Power of Falange by PAUL CASTELAR 'POUR times, since 1941, Hitler has made * formal demands upon...
...There.had been no disagreement between Churchill and President Roosevelt on this problem then or later...
...They could not defend themselves...
...Through the encouragement of the Ministry of Social Affairs, China's consumers cooperative movement is rapidly growing...
...It is also known that Franco has not let his lack of hi-octane gas prevent him from building a network of airfields throughout the Iberian peninsula...
...whereas sufficient means provided for the growing up of the young...
...IN order to insure maximum success for her * economic rehabilitation and reconstruction, China would accept the financial and technical collaboration of the United States...
...General Chiang's program calls for 2,460,000 graduates of various technical and vocational schols, as well as the construction of 12,500 miles of railways, 220,000 automobiles, and 12,000 transport planes...
...Washington sources speak of a deal between the Catholic Church and the Allies which would maintain a Right Catholic regime in Spain and Italy...
...20-27), is an extremely well-informed journalist and.has close connections with the White House and the State Department...
...It is true that ISO planes of the mentioned model (one of the beet American models, and the fact that planes of this kind had been shipped with this convoy is best proof that the assertion about delivery of "cast-off" planes is unjustified), had been taken off in a British port from a Russia-bound convoy...
...10-Year Plan IN last week's ™ New Leader, Dr...
...Nevertheless, Roosevelt insisted ?? a binding decision...
...Her machine industry will be developed and her chemical industry will give her enough coke and oil, and other chemical products needed in various industries, such as sulphuric and nitric acids...
...Davis emphasizes this most categorically, arid, as we shall see later, this is a highly essential fact...
...Military operations cannot be directed by public meetings and strategy cannot be shaped in newspaper columns...
...Of course, they spread Stalin's words among the army, and this was fully in line with Stalin's intentions...
...Tet Franco has maintained his fence-sitting position of "moral belligerent...
...Appeasement is a horrible word—and it's worse at the end of our foreign policy, says one group...
...Had the representatives of these two countries ever tried to pay in kind—had the democracies made an attempt to appeal to the masses of the Soviet Union's population in order to achieve some changes in the plans of war approved by Stalin, we know what would have been the fate of such bold-spirited men...
...The generalissimo said that China entered upon a new phase of national reconstruction with the abolition of ex-traterritorality treaties, and the economic reconstruction as outlined by the late Dr...
...All people who have met Stalin are in accord that he is not an impulsive man who yields to instantaneous impressions...
...ll/HY has the Davis article been published " just now...
...We shall have faith that, at the writing of peace, America and our other gallant Allies will not be obtunded by the mirage of contingent reasons of expediency...
...Here an effort was clearly made to bring an Allied government into disrepute...
...An incautious remark might have had to be paid for with lives of British and American soldiers...
...A much greater falsehood is Stalin's "personal" accusation of Churchill...
...Any resistance on his part would be fatal for Hitler since it would give the American armies in North Africa a chance to step into Spanish Morocco as liberators...
...effect, this could certainly be applied to our entire foreign policy, whether in reference tfl Giraud, Admiral Robert of Martinique, * Joseph Stalin—all beneficiaries of our "appeasement" tradition...
...Against this, the State "Department has .held out for friendship with Francos fascist regime and economic and as a token and a bribe...
...At the banquet which was given in his honor, the following incident occurred ^ which might be best described in Davis' own words: "The Kremlin dinner was nearing its end when an American guest proposed a toast to the Russian and Allied pilots...
...This attitude was only normal...
...and he was joined by the Soviet Consul in New York...
...5. Indirect investments by foreigners, i. ?., borrowing by Chinese industrial and commercial interests from abroad...
...1,500 Cement- 85 million bar...
...General Dwight D. Eisenhower who at that time had been engaged in feverish preparations of the North-African expedition...
...This is what I call the Great Harmony...
...Sun Yat-sen, founder of the Chinese republic, is most urgent...
...such as the China National Aviation Corporation which is under Chinese management but financed by the Chinese government in collaboration with a group of American business leaders...
...This industrialization program calls for at least 20,000 engineers and technicians and 800,000 Workers — the Commission has now only 9,534 engineers and 170,000 workers...
...Churchill paid high tribute to Stalin...
...It is almost a matter of record that the Church has finally forecast a United Nations victory and is moving to make the most of it...
...For in each of these cases, Hitler's armies had suffered a serious setback and needed the little Franco Spain can offer...
...Therefore the outdoors remain open or left unlocked...
...Whether this will fail or not depends an factors other than American persuasiveness...
...The U.S.A...
...With this in mind, Paul Castelar...
...Now he regarded Churchill as the man responsible for torpedoing the whole plan of opening of a second front and made Churchill the target for a pointed attack...
...Wellington did it, but he had the Spanish people with him and no threat of an air blitz from Napoleon...
...There ii not the slightest doubt that his personal feelings incline him toward the Axis, but Franco, for all the ironic references to "the man who walks like an olive" is, like most Spaniards, stubborn and proud and patriotic...
...So actually, the whol* Spanish problem boils down to" a question of expediency, not morality...
...Surely the incident is singular enough in modern history...
...The Pyrenees which block Hitler and the difference in.railroad gauges which prevent adequate eonV muhications with Spain would also work against an American expeditionary force moving northward...
...the Balear-ics are certainly Nazi air bases preying on Mediterranean convoys...
...would this merit the cost ? men and supplies at a time when all...
...Davis—he believed that a committing decision would goad America and Great Britain into straining all their efforts...
...a number of de-o/sions were reached covering the field of the war against Hitlerite Germany and her associates...
...Earlier already Stalin had urged to speed up the fulfillment of the "January Promise...
...reports of renewed Nazi activity on the Iberian peninsula, and the persistent signs of reactionary poet-war commitments all have stirred up anew the hornet's nest of conflicting opinions...
...It has now been officially disclosed that from October, 1941, until December, 1942, 6,174 planes had been shipped to Russia...
...Recent developments—Archbishop Spellman's visit to Madrid on his way to the Vatican and the laudatory statements of our Ambassador...
...This was, of course, a deadly insult, and the presence of the British Ambassador with the absence of the American made it appear deliberate...
...There is no doubt today that the Spanish Government was betrayed by the democracies, but from our relations with France has showered a bitter controversy...
...Forest Davis, author of two important articles in The Saturday Evening Poet (Feb...
...Stalin had been informed of the arguments Churchill had advanced against binding commitments concerning a second front in Europe at the January conference...
...Under these conditions...
...Spain U. S. official attitude toward Spain has caused more political guerrilla warfare than any other issue in 1 American for- . eign policy...
...And since Franco is in no hurry to declare himself either way, there doesn't seem to be a need for a strong stand at the moment...
...running special training classes to turn out more foremen and skilled workers...
...He wanted the opening of a second front as ardently as Roosevelt...
...A gigantic training program has, therefore, been launched to prepare for the future...
...Special attention will be paid to the mining of tungsten, antimony, tin, oil, mercury, coal, aluminum and iron...
...8. Financial dealings through international consumers cooperative societies conducting import and export trade...
...The first to second him was the Soviet Ambassador to London...
...the campaign of one New York newspaper which had accused the responsible official...
...This policy has sadly backfired, both at home and abroad...
...Carlton J. H. Hayes' speech lauding Franco's "wise government...
...The following are some of the forms in which American' capital, whether public or private, -might find profitable investment in China: 1. Direct government borrowing from another government, as in the case of the* commercial loans from the Export-Import Bank of Washington to China since 1938...
...Stalin, 'keeping his seat, proposed an amendment...
...Here would be the beginnings of a fine pincer movement with the other prong in Tunisia...
...3. Public issues in the leading financial centers of the world, as in the case of prewar Chinese government and railway obligations...
...The tale about the ways Stalin had chosen to voice his protest against the June decision and about the means by which he tried to achieve its reversal is the most important and most sensational part of the Davis article...
...In this way, selfish schemings are done away with from their root and find no way to arise...
...The only thing to fear is a desperate gamble on Hitler's part, the sudden invasion of Spain and Portugal by the Wehrmacht and its lie-able Fifth Column, and a push across the Straits...
...These shores had been surveyed repeatedly and most thoroughly "from the North Cape to the Bay of Biscay," and all competent leaders of the British as well as the American Armies and Navies were unanimous in their'pessimistic conclusions...
...Shaw, in the second part of his article here, gives the setting in which this program will take place...
...Planes of different kinds had been sent there— newly designed as well as comparatively obsolete ones...
...they elect men of virtue and ability and choose the right men for the right places...
...In order to realize the full significance of Stalin's performance we have to bear in mind first of all that the accusation is essentially baseless...
...Franco has been set painfully on the very sharp horns of a dilemma, and his shifting from one side of the fence to the other, his loud pro-Axis talk and his quiet pro-Allied conciliation are all due to the deplorable state of his posterior quarters...
...Today, with Stalin's winter campaign meeting with success and the Allies firmly established in North Africa, the need arises once more for the Spanish rabbit to appear out of the Nazi topper...
...V...
...There will be no robbers, fllchers, or rebellious traitors...
...Shaw is general secretary of the Institute for Cultural Relations betwen China and the United States...
...Liberals here have been worried ever the pro-conservative orientation of our diplomacy...
...Franco's goodwill would be of incalculable value % the Nazis...
...Franco is willing to trade, and we can trade with him, but to get results we must sto|koffering him the shirt off our back in return for · well-placed kick...
...In the immediate stage after the "war, China's goals for economic reconstruction include: Total Output Value in Millions The 10th Value in Milfor Ten years of Chinese Dollars Year Output lions of Dollars Steel - 14 million tons 19,600 ? million tons 7,500 Coal - 500 million tons 12,500 100 million tons 2,500 Gold _j- 12 million ozs...
...Carlton J. H. Hayes—have made it clear that a concerted effort is being made to appease Franco and to separate him from the pro-Nazi Falange- erpanola tradicianalista of Ramon Serrano Suner...
...Even a conquered Spain would add little to our strategic position...
...According to ""Jgvis' diplomatic language, these conferences "lacked nothing in candor...
...Writing in The New Leader several months ago, this writer pointed out that any move in Spain by the Axis would be a sign that uhings were going badly for the Wehrmacht...
...This meant that Stalin refused to seize the hand stretched out to him...
...And everybody realized that a serious defeat would have catastrophic consequences...
...Led by the belief that Stalin's attitude had been the result of misunderstanding, Churchill went to Moscow - late in August in order to clear up matters with Stalin personally...
...ADDRESSING the Congress of this great republic on February 18, 1943, Madame Chiang Kai-shek made a stirring appeal for the strengthening of the bonds of Chinese-American friendship: "The 160 years of traditional friendship betweeiveur two great peoples, China and America, which has never been marred by misunderstanding, is unsurpassed in the annals of the world...
...A corresponding lack in heavy artillery has not stopped him from setting up substantial gun emplacements in southern Spain and Spanish Morocco...
...7. Extension of the lend-lease arrangement for machinery and other industrial equipments...
...He wanted to help Russia in her terrible plight and, guided by his ¦"custqmarji, sanguine, often exuberant optimism"—-to quote Mr...
...I can also assure you that China is eager and ready to cooperate with you and other peoples to lay a true and lasting foundation for a sane and progressive world society which would make it impossible for any arrogant or predatory neighbor to plunge future generations into another orgy of blood...
...Since July such "overstepping of bounds" had become a normal every-day development...
...New Light on That '2nd Front1 Stalin, Churchill Clashed in Moscow on Offensive By BURTON NICHOLS "OFFICIAL LIGHT" has at long last been shed on some dark corners of Anglo-American-Soviet relations, for Mr...
...With Spain in Allied hands, both the ports and the islands could be cleared up...
...She will have plenty of iron and steel products to meet industrial needs...
...Stalin declined to be reconciled...
...However, soberly weighing the inescapable obstacles, he cautioned against any commitment by a definite ' time-schedule...
...Since that very time the relations between the Anglo-American bloc and the Soviet Union had become extremely strained...
...He is well-known as a kind of journalistic outlet for "the highest circles" and "the most authoritative spokesmen...
...THE only truly moral position would lead us * invariably to immediate war with Spain and the recognition of a Free Spanish government This would saddle us with a valueless front even if Spain were conquerable, which it a very doubtful point...
...Experienced engineers and directors have been sent to foreign countries, especially to the United States, for specific investigation or advanced studies...
...Churchill, however, had had no hand in this action...
...1,090 Machines - 10,000 2 500 Steel Plates - 5 million tons 7,500 , 1 million tons 1,500 Cotton Yarn - 29 million bales 59,000 5 million bales 10,000 Railways - 48,000 kilo, in new lines Rails -1_ 3,360,000 tons Locomotives _ 2,400 Steamships „ 3 million tons With the wholehearted collaboration of the leading research institutes and technical societies of ihe nation, the National Resources Commission is now studying a post-war program which is the first of a series of industrialization plans to enable China to stand on her own feet...
...The lever being used to pry Spain's Caudillo from the Axis camp is his fear of the powerful Falange which threatens his power and the influence of the Catholic Church...
...And it might be remembered, too, that the doctrine of world peace, which has so many eloquent democratic champions today, was propounded by Confucius two thousand years ago in his Doctrine of ?? Tnng or Grand Universal Harmonism: "When the Great Doctrine prevails, the whole world becomes a republic...
...There is also hope that mutual understanding, enlightened national self-interest, world citizenship training, and practical constructive cultural cooperation will in the long run lead to a competent international trusteeship...
...Even a word would disclose secrets...
...Stalin had made this, essentially unjustified and baseless accusation deliberately, in order to humiliate and offend the head of the British government...
...But, first of all, at the time they had been taken they still were in possession of the American government and, aside from this— what is most important—they were taken off by decisions and order of the American Lt...
...Spanish ports are being used by the Nazis is regular fueling and supply stations...
...6. Foreign investments for specific projects'in partnership with Chinese capital...
...their words are sincere and agreements worthy of trust, while what they cultivate are peace and harmony...
...By exposing the seamy side of this unsavory machination, the authorities of democratic America, who furnished the material for Mr...
...We have come back to the stage which had been set in September-October last...
...he charged, had gone to their deaths while fighting in 'cast-off' planes furnished by the Atlantic allies...
...And at this very time a campaign of most impudent agitation had been let loose upon them which does not fall short of direct slander...
...The Spanish fascists have seen American conciliation as a sign of democratic weakness...
...Now he was in a fume...
...Admiral Standley had not been invited...
...Shaw outlined China's hopes for post-war reeon-tion as expressed in a ? e ? -Y e a r Plan...
...Twice is this true of the soul of a nation...
...This force ?9 Generalissimo Franco's trump card and he can play it against the Allies or the Axis...
...whose analysis of Spanish affairs have been consistently accurate, outlines the situation from a military and political standpoint...
...4 Direct investments by foreigners—the predominant type of foreign investment in prewar China...
...Firmness With Franco Can Push Spain Out of Hitlers Orbit Nazis Use Spanish Posts, But Franco Fears Power of Falange by PAUL CASTELAR 'POUR times, since 1941, Hitler has made * formal demands upon Franco for the immediate entry of Spain into the war...
...Their statements have been givefa support in the press...
...Prominence must be given to Stalin's personal attack against Churchill...
...The protests Stalin had made officially through Litvinov in Washington and Maisky in London were persistent and sharp, yet, essentially, they were both natural and understandable...
...Threatening our slim overland supply lines which cut through the Moroccan mountains from Casablanca to Ujda, ? ran, and Algiers, is trie pick of the Spanish Army—the toughened veterans of the Civil War and Moorish troops— lined along the border 200,000 strong...
...Neither was a tractable man...
...The: Commission's own factories and mines are...
...With some feeling he saluted the Soviet pilots who...
...N his report to the House of Commons Mr...
...This chance had been generally accepted...
...The Church has also seen that the Falange is dedicated to an anti-clerical policy...
...Its minimum object is to insure a solid industrial base for the strengthening of her national defense and for raising the general living standard of the people...
...The offence was given in presence of a large audience—with quite a few men from the Russian army and air force included (the very men who, according to Stalin's assertion, had to go into battle en "cast-off" rubbish due to the fault of the "Atlantic allies" and of Churchill personally...
...The food shortage which has been one of Hitler's deterrents would work against us, saddling us with the job of feeding Spain as well u supplying our own troops at a time when shipping space is at such a premium...
...The present state of the Spanish economy, the precarious position of Franco in regard to the Falange, the anti-Axis attitude of a substantial part of the Spanish officer caste would seem to predicate "watchful waiting" on our part...
...Moscow's feelings had been met there with complete understanding, and it had been acknowledged that Moscow was entitled to believe that Russia's interests had not been sufficiently taken into account and to ask for greater activity...
...And Churchill refused to reconsider the June decision.' At the end only a "sparing" communique was issued concerning this conference, stating that...
...Five divisions, badly needed by Hitler's generals in the Ukraine, have been "spotted" there, with full battle equipment...
...Stalin retorted by a "compliment" of quite a different kind...
...Cooperation from the Ministry of Education and institutions' of higher learning for the training of more technical personnel has been secured...
...The press in Moscow, however, brought dry reports about Churchill's statement and omitted all the complimentary flourish in Stalin's honor...
...The problem had rather been settled by the strength of the fortifications thcGermans had built along the coast of the Atlantic...
...It is not true that the "Atlantic allies" had delivered "cast-off" planes to the Soviet Union...
...In order to fully assess the meaning of this figure, one has to bear in mind that, according to Stalin's estimates, the Germans have lost about 4,000 planes during the whole period of the Red Army's offensive this Winter...
...It was not so much Japan's successes in the Pacific, which had made necessary the shifting of increasing forces-into that theatre of operations, nor the deterioration of the shipping situation as a result of the intensified undersea warfare...
...Under these conditions...
...That cooperation, it is hoped, will help usher in a new era of cultural and economic progress and help lay the foundation for the lasting peace and prosperity of the world as a whole...
...While his guests listened in a stunned silence, .the Premier of Russia accused the British Prime Minister of 'stealing' 150 planes— Lockhead P-38 Lightnings—out of a Russian-bound convoy...
...like most men, he is also profoundly interested in his own skin—and these factors have added to the uncertainty of Spanish politics...
...The widowers, widows, orphans, childless men, and those who are disabled by disease or accidents, -are all well taken care of...
...Under these conditions no statesman could arrive at a decision different from the one President Roosevelt and the British Prime Minister came to when they met again in Washington in June, namely to postpone the opening of a second front in Europe and to start preparations for action in North Africa...
...iOf course, all' the men in responsible positions I had beeil' aware also earlier that under any conditions an -extremely high price in human lives would have to be paid for the creation of a second front in Europe and that nobody could guarantee the success of this operation in advance...
...He stayed there four "arduous" days filled with "repeated" meetings and conferences with Stalin...
...a nationwide practical program for the promotion of social security has been initiated, and a national economic mobilization plan is being successfully carried out through the active participation of various industrial, business and labor organization...
...London and Washington had come to the June decision with great grief...
...A case in point has...
...It could not have been otherwise, taking into account the huge number of delivered planes and the tremendous needs of the Anglo-American forces...
...7,500 2? million ozs...
...Unfortunately, it became evident very soon that Churchill's misgivings proved to be right and that there was no possibility of opening a second front at the planned time...
...The "allies" were responsible for the deaths of their comrades and friends...
...Reconstruction for China—II East and West in the Post-War World CHINA, in peace, will prepare herself for a 10-year plan...
...The conferees, the British aristocrat and the Georgian peasant, were alike realists, tough and hardened by war...
...All males have their proper work, and females have their sweet homes...
...The result is a situation which can by no means be acknowledged as normal and which requires thorough consideration...
...Stalin has given the cue in his order to the Red Army on the day of its 25th anniversary...
...motives -wem there behind Stalin's be-W havior...
...In September, Wendell Willkie caroe to Moscow...
...Man's mettle is tested both in adversity and in success...
...Thus men regard not only their own ¦ parents as their parents, nor only their own children as their children...
...of them declared that it would be impossible to create a second front in Europe earlier than in 1943...
...of the State Department of sanding only "obsolete rubbish" to Russia, in other words, had repeated Stalin's accusations against England...
...The RCA has been taken as the model for China's radio and electrical development after the war...
...This week Generalise i m ? Chiang Kai-shek published a book entitled China's Destiny proposing this ten-year plan...
...All competent men had, however, come to the conclusion that under the given circumstances there was no chance of success at all, that an attempted landing would end fn inescapable and quick disaster and that Russia's situation would not be alleviated" in the least...
...May we all dedicate ourselves with a firm belief that the identity of international democratic ideals will make the superiority complex give way to the fraternity complex, and that brotherhood of man and neighborhood of nations will finally prove to be realities rather than dreams...
...What is now made public, through him, is the story of "the January promise...
...The U. S. and Great Britain on their own part are waging a arduous war...
...It would be a mistake to believe that Stalin had spoken impromptu, carried away by feelings of heavy grief for the fate of Russia's air force...
...Only the absolute certainty of immediate success could ffring about a large-seals revolt in Spain today, despite all the wish-fulfilling talk of the hit-and-run liberals who are constantly ready to settle America's foreign policy...
...The members of the governments as well as the men in military, command -were in aa^MMMble situation...
...Condemning idleness, they labor for the good of society, but not alone with a view to their own advantage...
...PHIS decision had been taken June 27, 1942, * at the very time the doom of Sevastopol had been drawing to its close and the German march on Stalingrad had started...
...After a short interred* the agitation for a second front has been renewed...
...Davis' article, are appealing to the citizens of America for help...
...4,500 20 million bar...
...At any rate, only such planes were shipped to Russia as were used by the Anglo-American armed forces...
...They produce wealth, disliking that it should be wasted or thrown away upon the ground, but not wishing to keep it for their own gratification...
...This work must be done secretly, and it is being done by the agencies of the democratic countries which have been authorized to do it...
...Having made an exhaustive study of the problems involved and taken into account the conclusions of the most competent and qualified specialists, the responsible leaders have arrived at a definite decision concerning the strategic plans for the immediate future...
...Pursuant to their directions the heads of the armies and navies have started the most demcult preparatory work...
...Perhaps in the history of the middle-ages, particularly of Asia's middle-ages, this sort of thing was common: Insults to foreign ambassadors in public had been quite typical of Ghtngis Khan and Tamerlane...
...2. Government borrowing from private sources under the guarantee of the government of the lending country, such as the currency stabilization credits from the British banks and the credits obtained under the Export Credits Guarantee System...
...The extreme food situation in Spain caused by fascist "planning" and Spanish inefficiency has left the bulk of the population weak and apathetic...
...Ivan Maisky...
...For-4he first time we learn that when President it-oosevelt and Winston Churchill met in Washington in January, 1942, they actually came ta a. definitely formulated decision to create a second front in Europe in 1943, and that Lit-.vinov had then been officially informed of this decision...
...Thettremendous difficulties, which would have to be overcome, had been pointed at, and Churchill then advocated a more cautious wording of the adopted decision...
...and Great Britain want the creation of a second front Their responsible representatives—who had never signed "treaties of friendship" with Hitler—are doing the work of preparing this front...
...The situation had become anomalous since Stalin's reaction overstepped the bounds of customary diplomatic relations...
...Franco committed to the...
...China looks forward to the fullest cooperation of the American government and people...
...There is the sincere hope that production for use instead of production for profit will be the economic order of tomorrow, and that cooperative commerce will always foster international goodwill and international goodwill will always foster cooperative commerce...
...An adequate provision is secured for the ' aged, and full employment planned for the ablebodied...
...efforts should be concentrated on opening a second front on the Atlantic coast ? • \* * *1*HE basis for a sane policy towards Spain, * one which would strengthen the ? reseats regime's anti-Axis interests and keep them hi line as far as the democracies are concerned will be found in the sayings of an older Roosevelt: "Speak softly and carry a big stick , . . ' Thomas J. Hamilton, in his excellent study on Franco Spain Appeasement's Child, shows how we can get what we want from Franco if ** act with firmness, dignity, and courage...
...Axis, the * Spanish Moroccan forces could hold off American troops in North Africa for the Nazis to land air-born mechanized units, small tanks, and equipment, for a Luftwaffe could easily hedge-hop from France and Spain across the Straits of Gibraltar...
...From all the neutral sources still left to American newsgatherers, reports have begun to pile up of German troop concentrations at Hen -daye, where the French narrow-gauge railroads meet Spain's broad-gauge tracks...
Vol. 26 • March 1943 • No. 11
