One Year of Bombing Finds Glasgow a 'City of Stoics'
DAVIS, MAGISTRATE JACK
One Year of Bombing Finds Glasgow a 'City of Stoics' Protective Services for Air ftaids Now Complete # By MAGISTRATE JACK DAVIS . * • | AST year we first faced the Luftwaffe, a battered and...
...controlled about half the vote in the larger cities...
...The Communists Use their pap^r "La Hora" to attack the reputations of the union officials., This struggle is especially severe in the railroad unions and extends throughout the C.G.T...
...A silent comment on the seriousness of the threat of the lightly marauder...
...India's position midway between the Middle and the Far East gives her immense strategic importance in a war in which the Suez Canal is being threatened from one direction and Singapore from another...
...There-were party members organized into 240 branches in 1925...
...The only anarchist daily newspaper, "La Protesta," was maintained in Argentina, and through their control of the Federacion Obrera Regional Argentina, they exerted great influence on the labor movement...
...The World War I period was one of turmoil in Argentina...
...During the * twenties labcr action subsided, a]nd union organizations declined...
...we have HKgfco much of it to romance about it...
...Well over 60,000 Indian troops are already serving side by side with the other contingents of the Commonwealth Under General Wavell in the Middle East and under Sir Robert Brooke-Popham io Malaya...
...In 1920 the number of deputies elected declined to ten, but by 1925 the S.P...
...Thousands were arrested as a result of the rioting, and the Socialist Party claimed that over four hundred people were killed...
...lost its identity in the Conservative ranks...
...The result'has been unhappy...
...Any shop which manages to get a small owner in eggs, will very soon attract a queue a hundred Itrds long of prospective buyers anxious for this luxury...
...This is the first of a series of rrticies which will cover Mexico, Cuba, Central America.and other South American countries...
...The issues were to a large degree personal, although the strictness of the Party's discipline and policies of the Party executive were opposed by the splitters...
...Here is the story of India's industrialization and war effort, told by ¦ British writer...
...Every jfpk between nine and ten, from the back greens and back "warts of the working class in the densely-populated areas, there rises a thick smoke from a myriad of shelter stoves...
...During this pre-war period the anarchists were stronger in Argentina than in almost any other country in the world...
...The strike spread to the railroads and to the Port of (Buenos Aires...
...In 1904 its first deputy, Alfredo Palacios, was elected to Congress...
...It was Indian troops which advanced from the north «on Amba Alagi, the last Italian stronghold in Abyssinia...
...The articles are written by Robert Alexander, United States correspondent for La Vanguardia of Buenos Aires, a large socialist daily...
...it contains representatives of India, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand...
...j 7 ••» -. .- I - ' Orient •"TO Anglphobes, lndis * has been synonymous to depotism — especially during the past 22 months of war has that colony come in for unwanted crocodile tears...
...Today, a year later> we h*ve bad time to gather some afthe fruits of our concentrated effort and make fuller UK of the growing help of the L^ase-Ler.d Act The result j, ire face' any threatened sudden turn better prepared...
...This reached a climax in 1917 "when a series of strikes on the railroads occurred and a general strike was called by the anarchist F.O.R.A...
...Decimos respectively...
...In the 1930> revolution they were -quiescent...
...Although it had experienced several splits durihg the war period, including a Communist one, its influence spread...
...Three weeks ago, in a front page story, Bryce Oliver, radio newscaster, revealed that Peruvian Axis-ites were provoking the government into a conflict with Ecuador...
...The Socialist Party, meanwhile, had been growing apace...
...India Mobilizes Vast Industrial Military Resources for Britain 'Bevin Boys' Go to Ergianjj fgr Industrial Training * By KONALD DEVAGAN K «1 OOMBAY—as a powerful arsenal of the British Oom-^ monwealth is not always folly understood This...
...As a result, several socialist leaders were jailed...
...The Socialists have opposed this policy quite vigorously, claiming that the prime necessities in the present situation are to achieve national unity and to prove that democratic institutions can work...
...The U.G.T...
...This small fleet has been rapidly augmented with the outfitting of auxiliary merchant ships, and the building, in Indian shipyards, of mine-sweepers and submarine patrol 'boats...
...And yet, with a stoicism that would have amazed the Stoics, our people continue to: suffer the inconveniences and hardships of total war with a grim sense of realism/ In the ward of the city I represent in the Glasgow Council I have just taken a survey of the 'protective sere-ices, and while I have many improvements to suggest I have found that almost every_ citizen in the ward has some' kind of ^shelter to go to when the bombs start falling...
...Primary training is carried out by ten civil flying clubs...
...In time the I.S.P...
...In 1938 it was credited with almost 300,000 members, which would compare .proportionately with the size off thO-U...
...j The recuperative power of mankind is marvelous...
...other mechanized equipment, with remarkable ease and ' skill Before hostilities started in 1939 the British Parliament made a special grant of three million dollars for the complete mechanization of the Indian Army...
...In Africa Indian troops—Sikhs, Rajputs, Pathans, Mah-rathis, etc.—have been adding to their nation's military renown...
...Now these Communist union leaders viciously attack the Socialist union officials for their support of a policy of hemisphere cooperation and their pro-iAHy outlook...
...India will have dominion status...
...In Argentina, as in the U. S., German and other immigrants formed the first Marxian socialist groups...
...were brought together in a new Confederacion General de Trabajadores, which was under Socialist leadership and retained the C.O.A.'s affiliation with the International Federation of Trade Unions...
...Many regular foods are unprocurable...
...However, in 1908 he was defeated for reelection, and the progress of the party was arrested...
...Where no shelter has yet , been built I have the assurance of 'the city engineer that these are on hand...
...Although the totals were not often this large, these figures do indicate a great interest in labor activity and organization...
...Indian troops have taken to Bren gun carriers and...
...The C.O.R.A...
...The Independent Socialists, however, announced their support of the anti-Irrigoyen movement and took active part in the subsequent Conservative governments...
...PRACTICAL labor unity was once more achieved in 1929 * when at the instance of the Buenos Aires printing unions, the U.S.A...
...However, the Socialist Party profited by the 1930 revolt...
...The Socialist Parties split on their attitude ^towards the revolution of 1930...
...The truth is it PPI be difficult tri imnnnne a more devastating horror...
...At the outbreak of war the Indian Navy, which has a century-long tradition of service in 'the Indian Ocean, consisted of five esisoft vessels of about 2,000 tons, the patrol ship Pathan, a survey vessel, a depot training ship and other small craft baaed on the Naval Dockyard at Bombay...
...Watching the immediate effect of a heavy blitz in a aagasted area one wonders how human beings can stand up to it...
...The war also brought a violent struggle for control between Socialist and Communist elements in the unions...
...1...
...They began with a strike at the British-owned Vasena Iron Works near Buenos Aires...
...PHIS was the high point in labot activity...
...As a result, the Socialists succeeded in electing forty-four members of the Chanrber of Deputies...
...This is one aspect of the battle of the Atlantic...
...But this only lasted a year and in 1915 the anarchist and non-anarchist elements once more split, forming the F.O.R.A...
...The anarchist F.O.R.A...
...A group of Indian pilots are serving with the R.A.F...
...This shortage •lakeY'holidaying from home almost impossible, which with excessive overtime in the armament industries is a more anions hardship than usual...
...The revolt was backed by all reactionary elements in the country, and was opposed by most leftists...
...In both countries the Socialist Parties were organized at the turn of the century...
...N view of tihe annoyances, inconveniences and hardships 'occasioned iy the war, making life So much less tolerable *nn usual, one should have imaged that this was the most fruitful ground in which to propagand...
...Communista and F.O.R.A...
...A new aluminum plant, capable of meeting all domestic needs, will be in full production this year...
...labor movement before the C.I.O...
...by landing troops and supplies on a hostile Eritrean coast and by transporting the first troops to leap ashore for the capture of Btrbera...
...Crispin," a shoemaker organization, was one of the .first important unions...
...The British, Admiralty complimented the R.I.N, on its "conspicuous efficiency...
...When police tried to bring strikebreakers through picket lines, there was a clash, hundreds were wounded, scores killed...
...S«*wdy-imagines that total war is'any picnic...
...India's war organization has been rspidly speeded up, and her factories are working day and night to turn out the weapons of war...
...In a total war these industrial riches are perhaps of more importance than the large body of brilliant fighting men which India has always been able to put in the field whenever her security was threatened1...
...This is not to say that we are not sorely harrassed and ^¦t great damage is not being done to our cities, and much ^gtmction of lives and property caused...
...These were the first of a whole series of disputes which lasted all during 1918 and culminated in the bloody events of January, 1919...
...Justo was also elected deputy...
...On top of this production the vast commercial steel plants of the Tata interests are working at full capacity...
...another 500,000 men are already mobilized and equipped within India itself and by the end of this year this figure will be increased to one million...
...g'HE labor movement was active...
...The general strike was finally called off in the "middl* of January, but the walkout in the Port of Buenos Aires continued...
...However, when the Radicals once more returned to the political wars in 1935, the Socialist vote declined precipitately...
...organization drives...
...In •at grocer's window the other night I saw for sale a homes'** art cushion, a fire extinguisher and a supply of American tinned Irish stew...
...He carried on vigorous socialist propaganda from his seat in Congress, and was a great aid in the recruiting campaigns, of the party...
...Indian Navy is playing a vital part fh maintaining that sea control in the Indian Ocean which is) so vital to India's security and integrity...
...Afterwards, however, a series of strikes began which included walkouts in the telephone company," the oil fields, and even in the agricultural areas...
...By 1918 thevoWi had increased to 61,962, and there were Socialists in severaj provincial legislatures...
...This lasted for a decade, and was succeeded in 1901 by the Federacion Obrera Regional Argentina, which encompassed most unions in the country and included anarcho-syndicalist and socialist elements...
...Martial law was proclaimed in the capital and the city was cut off from all communication with the rest of the country...
...Altogether the Roys...
...These are only a few of the changes that war has made tn4he homes of the British people...
...At that time it was said that the S.P...
...don't know how the war looks to',Americans who have •balcony seat as interested spectators, but the average British citizen thinks of it as a great tug-of-war gairfe in ••"eh the vast resources of our commonwealth will ensure J*tory in the last battle, no matter hojw many intermediary ¦***» the enemy might win in the interval...
...It bore fruit in the establishment of SB Eastern Group Council, an autonomous body meeting at Delhi, independent of the Government of India but working in close collaboration with all the Empire countries CoW-cerned...
...Politically, the situation is peculiar...
...These groups soon split, and in 1903 the Union General de Trabajadores was launched by the Socialists...
...was split...
...Meanwhile all India is united behind the war cabinet...
...Already the number of R.I.N, rstings has increased 260 percent...
...The first party of "Bevin Boys" arrived in England in "May, 1941...
...There is plenty of grousing, and complaints are rife stoat a myriad of petty annoyances, but nowhere-is there a; sign of defeatism...
...The editors of The New Leader believe that in the accompanying article, for the first time in any United States newspaper, there is presented the history of s South American nation's labor and socialist movement...
...It is remarkable with entire populations called upon to take to shelter living — probably the most uncomfortable means of -living possible t04 man—-that there is" not a clamor for the safety and ease of peace — at any price...
...The problem of India is one only the extreme leftists with immediate panaceas for all can solve without hesitation...
...Unity was finally achieved in the labor movement in 1914 when the F.O.R.A...
...Down South America Way > Argentine's Progressive Movements Rank With World's Strongest Liberal Groups By ROBERT ALEXANDER *1*HE histories of the Argentine and United States labor * and socialist movements are similar in many ways...
...This writer has not yet had the opportunity to observe'the effects of the German invasion of Russia...
...Another example of the way the war is allowing India to find her own feet is the fact that Britain's policy of calling in sterling has enabled India to repatriate most of her terminable sterling debt amounting to over 70 million pounds...
...again succeeded in electing Palacios too the Chamber, and JuaaB...
...But they only appear as a group °' figures...
...The anarchists had lost most of their pre-war strength and were a comparatively unimportant factor...
...were united...
...for pacifism or com-•wuam, or one of the other "peace-at-*ny-price" theories...
...Another is the honest, anti-fascist left, consisting of the Socialist and Anarchist parties...
...It has resulted in the...
...is •t considered possible to give protection-against a direct •Mb hit : ; Every householder today who can afford it has purchased far his family a stirrup pump and water buckets, and has ?stkle him a small bag of sand to assist him to put out German incendiary bombs...
...The signature is a pseudonym...
...In addition to these inconveniences, there.is the restricted JWbHe transport services due to fuel shortage...
...One Year of Bombing Finds Glasgow a 'City of Stoics' Protective Services for Air ftaids Now Complete # By MAGISTRATE JACK DAVIS . * • | AST year we first faced the Luftwaffe, a battered and L almost broken nation...
...A scheme for a further extension of the Indian Ordnance Factories costing over $25,000,000 is now in progress as well as the building of additional plants for high explosives, high-grade steel, medium guns, rifles and machine guns and other war material...
...However, recently the Radicals, who have a majority in the Chamber, have been following an obstructionist policy and have absented themselves from Parliament, making it impossible for Congress to transact any business...
...enemy bombs...
...I'But so far is this from being true that our anti-war faends are required to hide their great light under a bushel, »*t iU of them engage in propaganda;' of a liberal pro-war •*a*acter, stressing the need for better conditions...
...in 1926 when Socialist elements withdrew to form the Confederacion Obrera Argentina, which affiliated with the I.F.Tit...
...They withdrew to form the Independent Socialist Party...
...and modern sloops, built in Britain for the R.I.N, are already in commission...
...And yet in a day or two, things are back to normal, or something approaching it...
...continued its independent existence until 1909 when, after a series of futile unity negotiations with the F.O.R.A., it joined with a number of independent unions to form the Confederacion Obrera Regional Argentina...
...The industrial workers are Well organised and the Socialist Party, though having small representation in Parliament, is strong enough to command respect As elsewhere, the Communists- in Argentina played the Nazi game, until the Germans dissolved the partnership...
...Hundreds of million rounds of ammunition have been bought by the British for the forces in the Middle East together with steels and pig iron, railway equipment, chlorine, glycerine, medical stores and so on...
...Tfth the Summer, and the additional summer hour, the ^flours in the early morning in which darkfless can offer isuonsble coyeT*to^n*mypTanetrsppeara...
...Grocers' and confectioners' windows have assumed a stranee appearance because of the shortage of regular supplks...
...But man arrived then — and he prfves today, tending en*, keeping books, go-/y to the movies, and the mke regularly...
...CINGE the beginning of World War II the unfortunate economic situation in Argentina has'given rise to much unrest and to a number of strikes...
...Glasgow, eapitol of the Scots, 1b struck regularly...
...Because of what I have witnessed I am certain that no mount of bombing will destroy the spirit of our people...
...This was syndicalist, and though it did not join the Berlin Syndicalist International—t^ which the anarchist F.O.R.A...
...This group rallied to its support a majority of the Socialist voters and deprived the Party of most of its congressional representation...
...Although at present the planes used were imported from Britain, an airplane factory has been set up in South India, and the first Indian-made planes will be turned out this year...
...They will return to their own country with new knowledge and skill invaluable to India's future industrial development...
...That would dovetail jieatly with Nazi plans for disintegration of Pan-American defense...
...THE Navy is largely manned by the Indians themselves1 a Commissions are open to both Indians and British, and some Indian officers are serving with British ships around the British Isles, thereby gaining valuable service experience...
...It is the stream 6f wounded and jiomeless that overwhelm the imagination...
...Already India is manufacturing 90 per cent of her army's equipment...
...They joined in delivering the hammer blown at Sidi Barrani which led to the smashing of Graxiani's Libyan army...
...The Socialists and Radicals have been the main opposition elements since 1930...
...This importance is intensified by India's immense industrial wealth, which is being mobilized by the Indians themselves to make a supply base of unsurpassed importance for the Commonwealth forces m the Middle and Far East...
...Air raids have become a daily routine in British cities dodging them has become as hackneyed ss s subway ride...
...The only noteworthy strike was a year-long walkout against the 380 ships of the Argentine Navigation Co...
...Violent strikes broke out in other cities, notably Rosario...
...BESIDES supplying her own forces India is sailing vast ¦*"* quantities of munitions and raw materials to the ethaw members of the British Commonwealth...
...H>-eontinent of 400 millions contains such a wealth of raw material and skilled technicians that it was rated by ths International Labor Office as one of the six leading industrial countries of the world...
...The war immediately caused an ecenomic depression, but as war orders began to come *in, a boom got under way, and by 1917 great increases in the cost of living wen...
...The Churchill government has promised that...
...Co-ordination of this industrial mobilization has been effected by the visit to India of an Advisory Mission from the British Minstry of Supply which remained on hand to support the findings of the Delhi Conference...
...we had hurriedly thrown up a" Goyernment "of all the people, expressing...
...Attempts were made to popularize Socialist propaganda methods...
...As a result, the Socialists and Conservative government forces are the only ones- to j attend Congress meetings...
...This revolution has also been facilitated by India's own industrial capacity, and the Indian army is being equipped to modern standards largely within India herself...
...The next year saw the Socialist Party electing five more candidates to the Chamber of Deputies, and several members of provincial legislatures...
...If fighting flares throughout the Latin continent, the 3,000,000 Germans, Italian, Japs and Spanish Falangists are so well organized and armed they can seize power even in the largest of the Latin nations...
...the unity of our onited purpose to smash the Nazi advance—and by a miracle Bf labor and courage We'survived the ordeal...
...already belonged—it considered itself a sister organization to the Spanish C.N.T.,1 the backbone of that International...
...The Radicals took no part in the elections of the new regime, and they threw their support to the Socialist Party...
...Yet at any I moment, a high "powered Bomb, from a fleeting Messerschmidt, may send razor-edged shrapnel on a disembowling race down {he avenue...
...nowadays, and fresh frsits are almost unknown...
...Not.tbat we are '"tensely patriotic in any isense but simply that there appears to be a quiet determination to see this tainf through...
...causing much unrest among the workers...
...totbe a. worthwhile of the nightly routine' in Britain, in addition to awing that the blackout curtains are properly fitted, is to tinrne the shelter fire in anticipation of a visitor...
...In fact, life is completely .altered for British homes since the halcyon days of 'peace...
...and the C.O.R.A...
...This is part of the German technique of total war—the selection of lost causes, irredentia movements, and other irritations which can be used to set one group against another...
...i Besides the R.A.F...
...dominated union group and its affiliation with the C.G.T., the union federation became large and powerful...
...and the CO.A...
...Davis is m leader of the Scottish labor Party...
...J In this country where political differences have been sunk W% duration, the active political workers are devoting •"¦"•elves to matters of immediate interest such as the ?*•¦•*»» of sufficient and satisfactory shelters, the proper hl-*fihg of bombed-out homeless, the provision of rest "Mew, adequate evacuation plans for danger areas...
...Australian shipyards have helped by building larger sea-going craft...
...The Communists, meanwhile, were split into numerous factions, and were of little consequence...
...Argentina, like the U. S., received within its borders many- of those European Utopian socialists who were fleeing the collapse of the revolutions of 1848...
...The result of this was a disastrous decline in Socialist morale, which continued until 1938 when the party was reorganized, and party paper "La Vanguardia" was modernized...
...A Board of Scientific and Industrial Research functions to direet Indian inventive genius along lines most productive for industry...
...The manufacture of munitions is an almost traditional industry in India, dating back to the sixteenth century, almost before India had been touched by European culture...
...Strikes were frequent...
...there is a rapidly growing Indian Air Force composed entirely of Indians who, as a nation, ha is proved themselves keen airmen and excellent pilots...
...There are other sore spots besides the Peruvian-Ecuadorian border...
...In Argentina, as here, the "Knights of St...
...Tbe death roll is certain to be heavy...
...700,000,000 sandbags together with 57 million wards of sacking and 29,000 tons of raw jute were supplied to the British in the first nine months of hostilities from commercial sources alone, and further orders amounting to $172,500,000 are being delivered including large additional supplies of sandbags, many million yards of khaki drill, and from 100,000 to 200,000 pairs of boots per month as well as lumber, cigarets, lubricating oils, textiles and engineering stores...
...In-this article The New Leader's .special Scottish Cor-' respondent, city councilor and magistrate Jack Avis, sends another exciting piece on how dull air rails can become...
...The absence of industrial unrest is significant of the steady employment ana" economic security which ia coming to India as a result of her rapid industrialization since, the last war...
...The instructional schools at Bombay and Karachi have been enlarged and the various Indian naval reserves are contributing their men for the war-time fleet...
...On other matters they disagree...
...The non-anarchist F.O.R.A., whic$ had joined the International Ftderation of Trade Unions^ coalesced with a number of independent unions to form thf Union Sindical Argentina...
...One force between the Axis forces and an open road, to power is the South American Trade Union movement...
...For example, by the end of 1941 mechanical transport will have increased from 5,000 vehicles to 62,000...
...For example, in 1906 there were forty walkouts in Buenos Aires, led by twenty-three different unions...
...proclaimed a general sympathy strike throughout Argentina, and many workers, including employees of the Armour packing plant, actually did walk out in sympathy...
...The Socialist Party, on the other hand, thousrh it opposed the dictatorial methods of Irrigoyen, was suspicious of the groups which opposed him, and once the revolt occurred, declared its opposition 40 it...
...Further south, Indian troops who had held the Italians on the borders of the Sudan through the scorching months of last summer, led the advance which swept into the' "tow-lands of Eritrea...
...The Eastern Group Conference met at Delhi last November to coordinate the productive power of India and her sister Dominions...
...In the summer of 1927 a major split developed in the Socialist ranks...
...was syndicalist in character, as opposed to the anarcho-syndicalist F.O.R.A., and was patterned after the French C.G.T...
...There were constant clashes with police, and for several .days there was general rioting throughout Buenos Aires...
...and Indian troops landed at the head of the Persian Gulf to end the threat to India's Western Gateway of the Nazi - inspired rebellion its Iraq...
...The most important labor conflicts in Argentine history-occurred in early 1919...
...Gandhi and Nehru see eye to eye with the Viceroy and the colonial office in London on the need to crack Hitler...
...In Great Britain...
...Since then, the party has recovered considerably and is today the second strongest party in Buenos Aires, leading an independent policy in and out of Congress...
...This will meet.the demand for skilled labor in India's defense industries and at the same time give Indian workers first-hand knowledge of organized trades unionism...
...Fighting between Pern and Ecuador comes as ho surprise to New Leader readers...
...Meanwhile Indian reinforcements were sent to Tobruk...
...That we enjoy long spells between the visitations of the Nasi planes does not iseem to lessen the devotion with which aeople attend to this duty...
...Government owned ordnance factories which have always taken the lead have adapted native tradition to the most modem techniques, and India is now turning out-vast quantities of steel, explosives, and guns of all kinds...
...The unions grew in the meantime...
...The Argentine labor and Socialist movement stands among t"he world's strongest Working-class movements...
...It is the ¦arkofjife, not in the front line but in the near-front-line trenches, ula'sgow cannot be considered to be in the real heart of: the battle, but the is very real and has a sober-danger cf death from the air ing influence on our community...
...The Royal Indian Navy co-operated^ta these operation...
...expulsion of a number of Communist officials from local and provincial organizations...
...Bombs ITS been a long) cycle * frost cave days to ah* tahl shelters...
...During the pre-Pact days the Commdnwtajrere able to' worm their way into important positions in some unions, especially in provincial organizations...
...A further step towards closer economic relations, between Britain and India is Ernest Bevin's scheme for the training of Indian workers in Britain...
...had 18 deputies aftd two Senators in Congress and the vote of the Socialist Party reached 101,516...
...Trade unions grew up in Argentina during the last half of the nineteenth century, but it was not until the 1890's that they were brought together in a Federacion Obrera de la Republic Argentina, under the guidance of German Socialists...
...It dragged on for almost six months with the port being closed tight...
...The effect of & bombardment "on a working class district, where tene-gents and workshops stand cheek by jowl, is hard to describe...
...This was in reality a counter-revolt by the landed aristocracy against the middle-class Radical regime of President Irrigoyen...
...As a result of these activities, and of further unity m the movement resulting from the liquidation of" the Communist...
...Despite all efforts, and the expenditure of millions, to win' good will in South America, the United States is failing, experts report...
...The reason for this is probably lactase none of us think for a moment that there is the " truest chance of defeat...
...In 1907 there were two hundred and thirty-one strikes in Bu>enos Aires, led by seventy-five unions and involving 169,017 workers...
...Some Indian troops were landed in Iraq by American-built transport planes from India...
...Strategy of Division WAR in South America is worth a score of divisions to Germans where there are belligerents on this hemisphere, the United States msy be forced to take sides and make enemies...
...The face of, the city has been completely changed by the ftriety of small buildings and wall structures that have Wen erected to assist in protecting the populace from ikrspnel, splinters .or even blast from...
...In that year they elected only five deputies, and their vote declined more than 50 per cent from 1933-38...
...The Socialist Party, meanwhile, had grown...
...It was publishing ten different weeklies in seven languages and in the 1916 Congressional elections had 6(^000 votes and returned 14 representatives...
...They distinguished themselves at'the heights of Keren with a gallantry that elicited a special tribute from WinstonChurchiU who saluted them "as one who has had the honor to serve in the field with Indian soldiers from all parts of Hindustan...
...The U.S.A...
...This jgives.the Communists an opportunity to accuse the 'Socialists of selling out to the landholders and adds ' to the difficulty of an already confused situation...
...In 1913 the party succeeded in seating three mere deputies and a Senator...
...The provision of alternatives to .the usual fare is the daily miracle j worked by the local housewife...
...THIS is merely an, outward and visible sign of an inward 'and invisible but'jstrongly felt nervoas tension...
...In 1912 the S.P...
Vol. 24 • July 1941 • No. 28
