Duce's 18-Year Rule Has Turned Italy Into Nazi Province
SALVEMINI, PROFESSOR GAETANO
Duce's 18-Year Rule Has Turned Italy Into Nazi Province Mussolini Dissipated 9 Billions On Paper Maiche Army By PROFESSOR GAETANO SALVEMINI r$ this country, an army of journalists, lecturers,...
...Moscow demanded that the entire output be turned over to her...
...These were the first Germans in vniform whom I saw in Finland...
...The most disgraceful of our misfortunes, the most humiliating of our shames is being subjugated on the inside and represented on the outside by a senseless and cruel demagogue...
...From Stockholm it was recently reported that ""according to an agreement with Finland, the USSR receives sixty per cent of the ore and Germany forty per cent...
...I arrived in Finland some time before the war with the Soviet Union ended...
...It is ridiculous to think that one must always applaud the party that is in power in that country: one day Nittj, the next day Giolitti, and then Facta, and then Mussolini...
...This is what the Italians think...
...On that day Musso* wealthy families strut and parade in their "™ng livery, and they look down on the men •™ do not wear high boots because they are J* the servants of anyone...
...What military significance could the present concentration of German forces in Lapland possess...
...After dinner, the five men bent over a map and studied it carefully...
...One of these axioms is that an American oil embargo against Japan would be a hostile act...
...They are fortunately taking a relatively long time...
...They were enormous vehicles, heavily loaded and covered with black tarpaulin...
...Parties pass, the people remain...
...Squeezed by German and Russian Demands Finland'Becomes a Pawn in Totalitarian Clash This article was written last week before the Stalin-Hitler clash...
...Some of them were filled with soldiers, from twenty to twenty-five men in each, who could only be observed through the rear opening in the tarpaulin...
...Romania and Bulgaria with their Black ISea ports are in Hitler's hands...
...Everyone instead vied "eh o*er to laugh at the Italian defeats...
...One thing is a given country, and quite another 4s the government of that country or the party in power in that country...
...It was also said that these were German soldiers from Norway on their way to^yisit their relatives in Germany...
...M Italy had not one but two First Marshals, ¦ if one alone would not have sufficed to send J* to ruin...
...Before the Soviet-Finnish war they were the property of the Internationa^ Nickel Corporation, an Anglo-Canadian enterprise...
...We are told that the last King of Croatia, before the present monarch, was a certain Zvonimir, and that in the year of our salvation 1079 his subjects killed him, to give him proof of their love...
...We must reinforce our fleet...
...The Fascists are...
...A year and *^ a half ago, when the Finnish David fough...
...it has been placed by Mussolini under the heel of Hitler...
...Quite apart from what happens with regard to oil, the present status anri effectiveness of the American embargo has greatly we»kened Japan's ability to make war...
...If it were true—as I think it is—that ag oil embargo would be useless, why then adopt it as a hostile act, unless you wish to make war...
...The present successor to King Zvonimir descends from a grandfather who in 1871 went to be the King of Spain, survived an attempt on his life, and after a little more than a year thought it fit to return to breathe the more comfortable air in Italy...
...Later it was officially announced that these Germans were bound for Norway through Finland...
...Why does Mussolini send us to make ourselves hated instead of telling Hitler to send his own men...
...lini invented a new Kingdom, the Kingdom of Croatia, and he put on the throne of this Kingdom, risen from nothing, the younger brother of the viceroy who was surrendering to the English...
...So far as Japan is concerned, her oil purchases are a waste of her resources...
...To the west of Lapland lies German-occupied Norway...
...During the last three months British, Dutch and American aerial strength in the Southern Pacific has been rapidly increased...
...There are, however, other reasons why it would seem as though the importance of American oil shipments to Japan had been exaggerated...
...Today the press of the entire world once more speaks of Finland, because that country is destined to play a notable role in coming international events...
...in June, 1940, the hour struck for •that longed-for war, which is to humanity •kit maternity is to the woman...
...The uniforms of these Germans indicated that they all belonged to the air force units...
...He ¦art bear the shame of defeats...
...An American or even an Anglo-Amercian oil embargo against Japan could not have been effective before the outbreak of war in Europe because there were too many independent oil producers who would have gladly filled any gap caused by Anglo-American sanctions...
...that Japan has no domestic oil production...
...We have not only become slaves in Italy, but to serve Hitler we are sent to act as jailers over other slaves, and we will remain there only as long as Hitler gives us permission...
...Thus for all that has happened j* first and greatest responsibility .is due to ||«>lolinir to no one else but Mussolini...
...We must not take for granted that, by shipments of oil, a nation's total' armed strength may be increased, or that, by withholding shipments of oil, a nation's total armed strentrth may be reduced decisively...
...Japan now has a copper supply of about two-fifths the size of the supply it had in 1939 and 1940...
...He enjoyed his most brilliant triumph * the day in which the viceroy of Ethiopia *n*ndsred to the English...
...Accordingly, Japan ever since has had enough oil for a lengthy war, say of more than two years' duration, carried on in addition to the hostilities in China...
...Dante and Stenterello...
...Thus the problem of the Petsamo nickel is an extremely delicate one...
...that German troops are not only at the Brenner Pass, but in Trieste, Croatia, Dalmatia, and whatever other lands in 'Europe Mussolini will be able to "take" with the permission of Hitler...
...By VLADIMIR 2ENZINOV yjINLAND is in the news again...
...1<ttt * * * rU'n is more d'sastrous in that all over World it excites not pity but scorn...
...The Finnish delegation went to Moscow in January of this year and returned without an agreement...
...The Ciano family, ¦ which the son-in-law of Mussolini belongs, which lived under modest circumstances wore Mussolini came to power, is today one <t&e wealthiest families of Italy...
...Inversely, those who advocate the oil embargo, ought to share these officers' desire for war with Japan, as well as their confidence in a quick victory...
...However, as early as 1937, Japan probably had in storage stocks of oil which were sufficient for roughly 6 to 9 months of her normal consumption...
...Salvemini is the author of scores of books and pamphlets, one of the most popular in America being "Under the Axe of Fascism...
...There is a vast difference between the appeasement of lions by feeding them raw meat, and the "appeasement" which allows your enemy to strangle himself while you keep him quiet with a dose of opiates called "oil: crude and refined...
...t present he is professor of History at Harvard University...
...After the war, *s-the result of certain mysterious manipu-lations,~the Anglo-Canadian concern suddenly turned into a Soviet-German monopoly...
...Gaetano Salvemini is a world-famous Italian historian, a leader of the antifascist movement...
...and when Facta comes to power, only then can one.cease extolling Giolitti, and so it goes, one idolatry after the other, and each one more absurd than the former...
...First, the California oil which is mostly bought by Japan, could not find another market now, simply because there «re none but Japanese tankers to carry it...
...There is one very strong reason for her to do so...
...Let them have more oil than is good or useful for their own purposes, aid China to make her stronger, and let the...
...She is not denied the oil for making a war for which she lacks other equally essential materials...
...My hotel stood directly on the Arctic Highway, halfway between Rovaniemi and Petsamo...
...This is the first of a series of articles by Prof...
...As matters stand now, Japan is no longer embarrassed for means with which to buy abroad...
...Second, oil has become a symbal...
...MKALLY...
...WHAT the naval staff in Tokyo tries to figure out, in its big paper battles of Western bombers versus Japanese warships, Dutch, British and American staff officers also try to determine...
...First, as to Japanese oil supplies, it is, of course, still as true as 5 yjars ago...
...The moment that Mussolini gives any sign of disobeying the master, the master , would march into Milan, Venice, and Trieste, and throw the Italian troops from Dalmatia into the sea...
...that outside Italy the Italian Consuls have been put under the orders of the German Consuls...
...FTER Mussolini's armed forces collapsed or came to a standstill, Hitler entered the "Vi and today Mussolini follows after him, Jobbing islands and pieces of land here and ~e*tt like the dog under the table who waits * kones...
...The failure of that man made itself clear—a failure so ignominious that even his worst enemy could never have hoped for it— and today provokes universal scorn...
...All the copper produced in Latin America has been preempted by the Metals Reserve Company, and the Canadian copper surplus...
...I booked passage for the United States in the summer of 1940, and in September I left Helsinki for Petsamo, the port from which my ship was to sail...
...Italy has become a German Protectorate...
...Japanese bleed themselves white...
...Add to this that, in the first half of 1940, Japan produced roughly half as many military airplanes as the United Stales, and now she produces about one-sixth as much as the U. S. aviation output and probably less than the combined output of Canada and Australia...
...The attention of the German forces in Northern Finland can only be directed eastward, toward the Soviet Union* A short time ago Washington reported negotiations of a new agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union...
...During the last twelve months, Japan's strategic position has rapidly deteriorated...
...that Italy would fall to pieces if Mussolini were jjtfliere to save her...
...Stalin wanted this latter section especially because he feared the strength of Hitler...
...another military and moral disaster...
...Abo, one of the largest cities of Finland and a leading harbor, is not far from Hangoe—the naval base guarding the entrance to the Gulf of Finland—which was ceded to the Soviet Union by the peace treaty of March 13, 1940...
...They were accompanied by two Finnish officers and occupied one of the tables in the dining room...
...And if you tell them that o**°"ni has made Italy a German colony, answer: "So much the worse for the j"*™0-" They reason like^that peasant who "¦"•ted himself to spite his wife...
...A GAINST this background, ask yourself how important the shipments of oil to Japan could really be, given the Japanese stocks of oil, and given Japan's insufficient supply of other scarcely less important raw materials urgently required by any war economy...
...a * AS the correspondent of a number of Paris newspapers, I witnessed the beginnings of the German . military occupation of Finland eight months ago...
...that "war a to humanity what maternity is to the women...
...S^on German army trucks began to appear on the highway...
...But the Italian soldiers, left in the mountains withstood, without reinforcements, without shelter, detbed in what was meant for Africa's tropical date instead of the Alps, those poor soldiers, ttowd, paralyzed with cold, commanded by iiaaBetent and muddle-headed generals, could Mtpjrcome even a beaten, disorganized, and del**fized force which was the French army JVt time...
...In the meantime the Italians see...
...As in most interpretations of economic factors, it is necessary not to take into account isolated factors but the whole of a nation's economy, for only after this total has been understood can the isolated factor be given its proper place...
...The presence of an armed sentinel prevented me from pursuing my investigation, although I did succeed in photographing the German army sign post reading Stiitzpunkt Ivalo...
...The Jlscist militia, to whom the anti-aircraft defense waB entrusted, gave no signs of life...
...Tampere is north of Abo on the railroad line to Lapland in the Arctic...
...Therefore, an oil embargo now would simply prevent Japan from adding to her stocks of oil...
...However, for such longdistance aerial operations as would be required for a Japanese attack on Netherlands India or on Singapore, the lack of high-octane gasoline constitutes a serious shortcoming...
...On April 30th, the Pravda reported the arrival of 12,000 German troops accompanied by tanks and artillery at the port of Abo en route to Tampere in the interior...
...Then in East Africa, the Empire broke down like a house of cards, and only the founder of the Empire in Rome remained standing and rijonting threats to the world...
...It is believed that Germany prevents a settlement from being reached...
...jtAIPA/N may still go to war while the going ** is good...
...it did not need Mussolini to win the battle of the Piave and to defeat Austria...
...British, the Dutch and, the Americans some rich food for thought as to how to defeat Japan...
...But the Fascists are happy and content...
...To this end he constantly appeased Hitler over a two-year period...
...it has been led by Mussolini to defeat in Greece and in Africa...
...This was the theory of the lightning stroke, of that which the Germans call the "Blitz-kneg-" To prepare the Italian armed forces for his lightning stroke, Mussolini spent nine N]uop "dollars...
...emnts of a rich family, the Germany of T**r> and they wear with pride the livery servitude...
...The Dalian people have experienced many strokes of good luck and many disasters, many glories and many shames in the two thousand and five hundred years of its history...
...It is unfair to describe it as "appeasement...
...Jr7**°Phe of France, so much more serious ^¦irreparable than the Italian defeats in ^""a and in Africa...
...On the other hand, those who do not feel so cocksure and who think it might still be possible to beat Japan without fighting her, may well look upon the American oil shipments as a means to that very end...
...The servants Sees No Appeasement in Shipping of Oil to Japan...
...The Italian nation existed before Mussolini came into the world...
...Germany can have no strategic, military or political problems west of Lapland, because Norway is already occupied...
...The movement of German army trucks carrying heavy supplies, the antiaircraft guns apparently bound for Petsamo, the presence of a German camp in Ivalo and various other towns, all indicate intensive German military preparations with Finland itself...
...From December, 1939, to March, 1940, during that war several hundred correspondents came to Finland...
...Day in and day out he had proclaimed that "he considered the Italian ujtioD in a permanent state of war...
...that Lybia is occupied by Germans...
...On September 9th I reached the Arctic village of Ivalo, 236 kilometers south of Petsamo, where I remained until the middle of October...
...The almost four years of the Sino-Japanese war have been such a process of deterioration and destruction in Japan that such a course, of American policy is at least not hopeless...
...Her problem has now become rather how to dispose of the proceeds of her sales...
...Whatever, in its opinion, the odds may be now against the Japanese Navy, it is pretty clear, the odds will be more unfavorable a month or two or three hence...
...This American embargo has meant that Japan's steel production is now down to, roughly, the level of 1936...
...in the Far East, Germany's ally Japan keeps watch over Stalin...
...The Norwegian port if Kirkenes is on the very border of Lapland and is today a powerful German sea and air base...
...Yet...
...For the last three-and-a-half months, the biggest battle of bombers versus battleships has undoubtedly been fought on paper, in the offices of the staff of Japan's Imperial Navy...
...The nine billions that Mussolini had extorted horn the Italian people to prepare his lightning tfroke, had been squandered by the foolishness the generals, by the greed of big business bid the Fascist higher-ups...
...Today we have Toscanini and Mussolini...
...Japanese diplomacy, like any other diplomacy, is resting on certain axioms to which diplomats cling, long after they have lost sense...
...But Mussolini, God willing, sooner or later will die...
...In 1927 he threw the following statement in the face of the world: "We must be able to mobilize at any minute five million men...
...Gaetano Salvemini for The New Leader discussing Italy and the War...
...that the Italian people are a bunch of mental deficients and good-for-nothings who would not know how to takexare of themselves if Mussolini Jgrenot there to discipline them by the bludgeon or castor oil...
...Early one morning, from the window of my hotel, I could see a number of flat trucks, mounted with anti-aircraft guns, move up tne Arctic Highway...
...Speaking in the Senate on March 30, 1938, he announced that "the next war will be decided within a few months from its outbreak...
...IT is sufficient to glance at a map to understand the special role which German troops could play in Northern Finland...
...He was for ¦•ay years the Minister of" all the Ministries...
...njght^after the outbeeak of war TEnglisbT^airplanes were left free to b the city of Turin for three hours...
...Because neither in England nor in France had the Government ever been held by a man who, pompous, insolent, with his jaw thrust forward, with his eyes rolling out of their sockets, with his hands on his hips, insulted cne after another, or all together, all the peoples of the earth, and threatened them all with extermination...
...that «wcrds are very beautiful things, but guns, Hseaine guns, ships, and airplanes are even asre.beautiful...
...120,000 prisoners in a few weeks...
...Earlier I heard in Helsinki of the . arrival of many German "tourists," but they were all in civilian attire and it was impossible to establish their real occupation...
...He who fights the party which is for the moment in power in Italy does not for this reason fight against Italy...
...Japan produces in a year not quite as much steel as the United States produces in three weeks...
...the Soviet Goliath, Finland was very popular in this country...
...Neither of these explanations is to be taken seriously...
...It woujd be possible to give more data on the present economic situation of wartjme Japan but those on steel and copper suffice to illustrate one principal point...
...No-tte spring of 1940 laughed about the jjj?*** of the English in Norway and their j*°*&°m Dunkerque...
...Its ores gave it a strategic military significance...
...It was war ipmst a France prostrated by the most ter-rijfe military disaster known to history...
...Examining the Nazi policy "toward the Soviet Union objectively (and one must judge actions, not phrases), it becomes obvious that Germany is engaged in systematically isolating Russia...
...As the Japanese are stupidly bent upon adding to their stocks of oil, they are exposing valuable tankers to the risk of seizure or destruction, if and, when they go to war with the United States...
...Their money ast have come from somewhere...
...that Italy "must be a military, nay more a militaristic nation...
...From that time, additional officers and men arrived every day...
...In the case of Japan, certain basic factors of her economic situation must be considered...
...Therefore a doctrine which is based on the postulate" of peace is hostile to Fascism...
...For her'war in China, Japan does not need aviation gasoline, because the distance from the air bases in Indo-China to the Chinese objectives is so short that Japanese warplanes can easily use poorer grades of gasoline...
...Since the end of last year, virtually no iron and steel, in the form of scrap or as semifinished materials, has been exported to Japan...
...that the Italian police is directed by German police...
...No one laughs at the unfortunate ar*tist who is taken sick on the stage while he is singing...
...Duce's 18-Year Rule Has Turned Italy Into Nazi Province Mussolini Dissipated 9 Billions On Paper Maiche Army By PROFESSOR GAETANO SALVEMINI r$ this country, an army of journalists, lecturers, radio commentators, elementary * school teachers, priests, monks, nuns, and other agents sent- over from Rome or -eroited by the Fascist Consulates, has betrayed the good faith of many citizens residents of Italian origin, by telling them that Italy, at one stroke, thanks to the miraculous powers of one man, Mussolini, had become rich, powerful, respected, jnvfed, and feared by all the world...
...Why...
...An oil embargo would, therefore, destroy a useful barometer of the Pacific, if not cause war instantly...
...This would contradict Hitler's entire policy...
...And our airplanes nast be so numerous and so powerful that the noise of their motors must drown out every other sound, and their wings must darken the jiee of the sun...
...Everyone laughs at the hoarse tenor who comes forward pompously to sing the "Esultate" of Othello and whose voice cracks...
...A N over-all oil embargo adopted now, or at any time after September, 1939, would never have been a serious impediment to Japanese military adventures...
...Therefore, the risk of war depends now upon the brain-work of a few naval officers in Tokyo, Nobody can forsee how they will make up their minds...
...there are economic and diplomatic reasons for not stopping her from buying oil in the United States...
...They began to lire only after the English airplanes lad leisurely started homeward...
...had himself proclaimed by the Parliament, *«« with the King, First Marshal of Italy...
...Stalin's primary emphasis has always been to prolong the war— extend the war—but remain neutral in the hope of remaining strong in an exhausted Europe...
...It would, therefore, seem there are no very strong economic or political reasons to stop Japan from buying oil—-except certain specialized grades—in the United States or wherever else she pleases...
...These deposits in Northern Lapland are considered to be among the richest in the world...
...They could do more than enable Germany to increase the percentage of nickel she now obtains from Petsamo...
...It seems to me these oil shipments are little more than a sop to the Japanese, starved of all the other war necessities, useless in themselves as "war supplies" but saving the "face" of Japan...
...Logically, those who adhere to that view ought to advocate an oil embargo, because it would probably mean the shortest cut to the Japanese-American war which, these officers say, is as good as won...
...On May 3rd, Berlin reported that "Germany has-been conducting talks for the past few months with the 'interested parties' (that is to say, with the Soviet Union and Finland) for the exploitation of the nickel mines in Petsamo...
...For the military and moral disasters in which * has sunk the country Mussolini has blamed fcdoglio, Graziani, everyone except himself, htyho for so many years had made Badoglio, ^Mtani, and the-' other heads of the army,* ¦*»7ir- and airforce...
...Generally these shipments have been interpreted as a lack of foresight in the American plan of economic warfare, or—worse still—as part of a deliberate "appeasement" policy attributed to the Stale Department or to an American "Cliveden Set...
...None laughed about the...
...And it is from this angle that one must consider the concentration of German forces— aviation, tanks and artillery—in Lapland...
...In the Battles of Norway, Britain and Crete, the Nazis have shaken the confidence of many admirals in their navies...
...Many newspapers carried dispatches) from the theatre of war through which their readers were not only informed of the military developments but were also made •acquainted with that small but very interesting countiy...
...and that therefore •]] those are enemies and traitors of Italy who do not swear loyalty to Mussolini, fa do not extol his miracles...
...In the South China Sea, the theater of their forcible southward advance, the Japanese would have to move their ships under the steady attack of land-based bombers operated by Dutch, British and possibly American pilots...
...It was understood that the Soviet Union wanted new territories in the Near East and a window on the Atlantic through Finland, which would mean through Lapland and Norway...
...The Italians with their common sense think: "What is the use of occupying territories belonging to others when we are no longer masters in our own house...
...At the same time English airplanes were sinking Italian Aips in the harbor of Taranto, and here too the anti-aircraft defense, entrusted to the Fucist militia, did not function...
...Yet, even that waste is forced upon her by the trade restrictions under which she labors...
...However, the outsider is unable to understand the complicated technical problems involved with any degree of finality...
...To that extent, it has been immensely useful from a military standpoint as well as diplomatically...
...Third, the non-existence of an oil embargo is a guarantee of peace between Japan and the United States to some, though minor, extent...
...Italy is no longer an independent country...
...Several thousand Germans of the air arm passed through Ivalo bound for the North while I stayed at the hotel...
...On September 22nd, three uniformed Germans, an officer and two non-commissioned officers, suddenly appeared at the Ivalo hotel...
...He knew too the weakness of the Red Army in comparison with the Reichswehr...
...On May 2nd, the New York Post reported the presence of 37,000 German troops in Northern Finland, consisting of aviation units, motorized detachments and artillery...
...jhia ill-fated war has shown who has de-jjjojtd the wealth, the freedom, and the honor „f the Italian people, who is the real enemy of Italy For almost twenty years Mussolini had beaten the drum for war...
...The Italian nation, on the other hand, will never die...
...But by September, 1939, Japan's normal— i. e., civilian—oil consumption was down to less than two-thirds, if not to less than one-half her peacetime use of oil, and her stocks had swollen to probably more than three times her 1939, i. e., to at least twice her pre-war annual oil consumption...
...Giordano Bruno and Pulcinella...
...According^ they are unlikely to go to war, while the oil business continues.' Of course, if, without an embargo, their tankers stopped coming to the shares of California, this would indicate quite clearly that they were up to a new act of aggression...
...Then came the attack on Greece...
...The English ieet bombarded Genoa, and here too, the fleet end the coastal defenses gave no sign of life...
...A day after the arrival of the first Germans in Ivalo, others came...
...In this secret concentration of German troops, the nickel mines of Petsamo enter into the picture...
...If, tomorrow, power were seized in Italy by the Communist Party, the Fascists themselves would fight a Communist government on the condition, of course, that they were ordered to do so by Hitler...
...German forces are virtually at the Dardanelles and have locked the Black sea...
...Non-enactment of the American oil embargo certainly added to that time...
...This is the major Japanese headache, and it is growing worse every week^ during which new planes are added to the Far Eastern air forces of the Western powers...
...that the essential Italian industries in their most vital spots are controlled by German technicians...
...That which is not consumed in Britain, is now being shipped to the United States...
...Along the entire length of the Western frontier of the Soviet Union stands a picked German army of a million and a half men...
...Some of them, it seems, have reached a very definite conclusion—they think that the Japanese would lose the battle quickly, oil or no oil, and they think the sooner the battle was fought the better, because—as they see it— Japan is now tying up more planes and men than are really needed to defeat her...
...Francis of Assisi and Cesare Borgia...
...For one major factor in this deterioration the Japanese must thank their German friends...
...One day, as I was strolling along a path through the forest, I walked into a German army camp which had sprung up overnight...
...Tfyey, too, bore the Luftwaffe insignia...
...Hitler in the meantime kept a watchful eye...
...We can count in our history St...
...Faced with-" these facts, he who still asserts that one cannot condemn Mussolini without betraying Italy, as if Mussolini were Italy, and Italy wire Mussolini, he insults, dishonors, and betrays Italy in order to serve Jfussolini...
...And when Giolitti comes to power, only then can one begin to speak ill of Nitti...
...It must be remembered _ that the nickel located in Finland is one of the most important raw materials of this war...
...It came from fcse nine billions that should have, and -did •t prepare for the war...
...from the United States, England, France/ Switzerland, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and even Portugal...
...Finland became a fateful pawn, each side making demands...
...Then came the dfcfeat in Cyrenaica...
...It would seem worth serious study to decide whether an embargo on lubricating oils could not fulfill a similarly valuable function in hampering aggressive Japanese enterprises, and it would seem as though in this respect tightening of the American embargo measures might be useful...
...The New Leader presents it because it throws some pertinent light on the events in Northwestern Europe...
...The odds have moved against Japan...
...In 1S32 he wrotef "War alone brings to the tipest peak all human energies and imprints the seal of nobility on the peoples who have the courage to face it...
...We shall see what will happen to the successor of King Zvonimir, and if there will be room for him in Italy if he, unlike King Zvonimir, succeeds in escaping from the love of his subjects...
...Could Germany permit the Soviet Union to have this outpost in the North, through Finland...
...Having made up her mind to use her gold and foreign exchange for the purchase of war materials, there is little else for her to' buy but oil, most of which she does not really need, because of her vast stocks and her inadequate supplies of other war materials...
...Embargo Means Pacific War Now By KURT BLOCH T% ECENTLY The New Leader and other pub-lications discussed American shipments of oil and gasoline to Japan...
...All the vehicles bore the initials LW, signifying Lv.ftwaffe-Wehrmacht...
...To the east of Lapland, along its entire frontier, is the Soviet Union—and there are no natural or geographical barriers here to impede the movement of German troops from Lapland into Russian territory...
...This, however, does not mean that embargoes on certain types of oil might not be very useful to the U. S. In this respect, the embargo on the export of aviation gasoline is of great importance...
...They have, at the same time, given the...
...They came in German military automobiles and on army motorcycles...
...He •"•old have claimed the glory of victories...
...i Since March, 1941, Japan has been cut off from its supplies of American copper, for all export of copper from the United States to Japan has been embargoed...
...During the Soviet-Finnish War, the Red Army easily occupied all of Northern Lapland including Petsamo, only to evacuate latter under the terms of the peace treaty...
Vol. 24 • June 1941 • No. 26
