Reich Aims at Baghdad Railway, Key to India
REYNARD, DICK
Reich Aims at Baghdad Railway, Key to India Iraq Line Was Finished In July 1940 By DICK REYNARD With Russian and German pressure virtually assuring Turkish assent to Reich troop movements into...
...Dr...
...We have riot often beard ift publishers walking into the city room with orders for the 'perversion of sonw news .story...
...prepared texts of 7,000 broadcasts in London, ' Paris, Berlin, Rome and Moscow intended for audiences in America, Britain, France, *Ger-many and the British and French Empires...
...Methodist 118...
...Soviet Russia was...
...However this end of the line is practically academic in a discussion of military tactics, for the entire defensible area of Turkey has now been outflanked by German .occupation of strategic islands...
...Congress eliminated this division, which was headed by David Saposs...
...war's final outcome as the economic, diplomatic and military struggles...
...He denied that Iraq wanted war...
...Paul's (although the main fabric there stands unhurt...
...diplomatic circles here expect the Wehrmacht to poor into Syria sometime near ' summer's end or in the early fall...
...Oddly, enough the railroad has figured little in the news although it is the gateway' to Basra through which tons of automobile parts, tires,' optical instruments, cotton, woolen cloth, chemicals, dyes, coffee, tea and armaments have been flowing in for the Near Eastern' allies of the British...
...to assemble economic data on corporations involved in board negotiations, etc...
...During the last three months of last year more than 85,000 persons in Germany were put to death...
...Basra is on file Persian Gulf and a key to India...
...The IFTU has collected the most comprehensive accounts of the situation, of the trade unions in Nazi-dominated countries...
...With the Iraq air "fleet" destroyed and its army being mopped up, the British are now faced with the alternatives of ignoring the Von Papen inspired peace offers coming out of' Ankara in Iraq's behalf, or continuing to fight and face the danger of a Moslem uprising...
...Fritt Folk" Quisling's newspaper has virtually disappeared from the streets...
...If the Germans can dominate the Mediterranean with their air and submarine blockade this Baghdad railway running from Basra into Baghdad, Kirkuk and Mosul may become a "Burma Road" for the dispatch of British troops and materiel...
...meeting was held during the American tour of Sir Walter...
...The Congressional Record: Saboss andiheNIjRB In recent months, the work of the National Labor Relations Board has been hampered by the elimination of its Division of Economic Research...
...About the end of 1940, a hint was received from "abroad" and this activity ceased...
...as with other big business, their enterprises^ should oe totally unionized...
...So much furor did his remark stir, the good secretary aecideji to prove his case further by polling the opinions of sever...
...Much of this stuff has come from America...
...but we do know of pressure on newsmen "through the vilification which passed for criticism Wherever newspapermen gather, there are stories of such pressures...
...And every publication—its news as well as its editorial columns—represents the publisher, and him alone...
...This writer believes in a closed-shop on newspapers ^as well as in dress "factories '^u»d rolling mills...
...He was understood to have discussed mediation possibilities with Turkish leaders to whom he expressed appreciation of their desire for a peaceful settlement...
...The British Broadcasting Corporation puts some 200,000 words a day, in two dozen languages, into the air,, .according to Harold Graves...
...He was badly mistreated and it was reported at that time that he had been .beaten and several ribs broken...
...the gentleman whether in his judgment David Saposs,"'of Milwaukee, Wis.,"who was" a star student under John R. Commons in our State university, is or is not a Communist...
...I am satisfied that David Saposs is not a Communist...
...Germany began in 1933, only a month after Hitler became Chancellor and a man called Hess was named Deputy Fuehrer...
...I had an opportunity of going into the matter more or less carefully in connection with -my work as a member of the Federal Security Agency subcommittee of the* Appropriations . Committee which...
...His father " settled in Milwaukee, and I believe there is some evidence that...
...Since its founding, it has recorded and...
...Some of the most effective work dphe on foreign broadcasts has been turned in by the Princeton Listening Center, set up in November, 1939, by the School of Public and International Affairs, of Princeton University...
...They will be based on...
...the-first to use international broadcasts.,.Since then the Germans have taken over all radio stations, while the British, control and subsidize the BBC, and the Italians the Italiano per le Audizione Radioniche...
...But the Nazi war on churches has a more grim reality within the Reich and within the nations occupied by Nazi forces;- where direct persecution takes place...
...The British are learning, but not fast enough...
...Among- cathedrals demolished or injured beyond repair are Coventry and St...
...for the New York Daily News' regular 'U§Hfc>-page—on which the America First Committee and the Committer to Defend America by Aiding the Allies argue daily—and fifr best set of syndicated comic strips in the world, that paper toe would be hit hard for its extreme isolationism...
...their naMT* are still free, they still jpint both sides, which is wbst all of their critics do not do in the papers they control...
...Arthur Capper-, Senator from Kansas, states that "lieehsid Freedom is not Freedom," but forgets that he has pubti^y endorsed George Seldes' In Fact...
...It was these actions which led John Strachey to break with the Communist Party, and denounce them in his now famous letter in the New Statesmen and Nation...
...Aside from the many Hearst publications, and the Chicago Tribune, there are lew newspapers which can consistently run contrary to public opinion without...
...This is typical of an entire stratum of ubiquitous critics al^W...
...David 'Saposs...
...He is, in my judgment, one or the best posted men on labor' economics in the United States...
...It seems to have obscured the first meeting of the Executive Committee of the International Federation of Trade Unions held since -June, 1940, and the first meeting held in America...
...In recent months the number of railway accidents were' so large, the trains had to be cut down drastically...
...was a Communist...
...In direct violation of his own solemn assurances of non-interference with the trade unions, early in February Quisling and his hench-5-men swooped down on union meetings, arrested hundreds of leaders and took posseession of the funds...
...A curious alliance helped bring this situation about: big business elements who wanted to cripple the powers of the Board, and Communist elements in the NLRB who want to get rid ef Saposs because of his opposition to totalitarian elements in .free trade unions...
...The democracies have gone in for,it on a vast' scale...
...an important New York daily for "burying'* 'certain en ti-TMfls» statements somewhere inside its many pages...
...Madji Shefket, Iraq Minister of Defense, who came last, week on an informal visit, has /demanded withdrawal from Iraq of all but 2,000 British troops as a requirement for settling the British-Iraq conflict, the Iraq Legation reported...
...Schevenels rendered this report, as well as one on the transfer of the secretariat from Paris to London...
...Cardinal Kaspar gained international recognition for his opposition to the Nazi efforts to' weaken the Roman Catholic Church in Bohemia...
...In this month's edition of Fortune, a leading signed editorial urges an all-out diplomatic and propaganda blitzkrieg against , Germany...
...Material in these latter two languages has-been effective in keeping the Mohammedan world...
...They -own monopolies vital to the ^welfare of the public, and there should be some way of keeping those monopolies serving the public as well a* the publishers...
...Presbyterian tChureh of England .17...
...i*i2...
...Once in Syria, once Turkey is taken without a shot, the Germans will have at their disposal the Near Eastern section of the once fabulous Berlin-to-Bagdad railroad which was completed by Iraq with little publicity last summer...
...As the most powerful non-belligerent, the United States is barraged with three and a half hours' of broadcasts a day by the Rome radio, with six and a half by the British Broadcasting Corporation, four-and half Japanese hours, and 11 from the German radio...
...exposing': the daily, press, for reflecting—what you wqiuld *5"gr* it to reflect—the views of its big business publishers...
...handles the National Labor Relations Board appropriation...
...London's famous City Temple has been completely shattered.,^ _ - . -' In all, 714 churches were destroyed...
...One of the best is the German...
...They endeavored to insinuate . themselves into posts temporarily vacant because of the imprisonment of the officials in question...
...His whole life has been devoted to the interests of common labor...
...supporter ""'endefl Willkie while the people back President Roosevelt...
...When hjg article came up from the proof room he discovered that the word "^peasant" had been changed to "kulak" all through the piece...
...Radio propaganda is no longer an Axis monopoly...
...Mr...
...Catholic priests began a campaign against euthanasia and compulsory sterilization, supported by a Vatican decree 'holding the practices contrary to the laws of the church...
...Mr...
...Last week this same publication "WW...
...Since broadcasts with improved reception sets can make or break public opinion in the neutral world, the Americas are wooed constantly...
...Their analyses provide both a military and propaganda guide for various British ministries...
...Its military significance can not be over-stated...
...feeling .the brunt of automatic boycott...
...He never fully recovered from his incarceration...
...line runs up from Basra to Baghdad, a 14-hour trip...
...Ickes' questions on what would constitnu a free press in this nation...
...U.SrSetsUpLismWgP^btiStoFigm Axis World Radio Propaganda | By BILL ROBERTS Somewhere in the British government headquarters, rooms have been set aside for four of England's leading psychologists, who spend their time listening to and analyzing all German broadcasts...
...With this tactic in mind, the United States government and some private organizations have set up listening posts, throughout.the country to keep watch on propaganda and military broadcasts emanating from Europe and domestic stations...
...287 Anglican...
...The results remind us of an Esquire cartoon showing, eight liters standing over a rather distressed patient...
...It was the function of this section to determine whether a company was engaged in interstate commerce and thus under NLRB jurisdiction...
...But newsmen should be'in "a position to vi'tc whst they see and hear without Tear of reprisals, especially wben'OTts industry becomes so organized that expulsion from the r<¦ \»paper-men's union will mean expulsion from the only trade they and their families depend on...
...Virtually no Norwegian trade union leaders could be found to erect a Nazi trade union...
...The pattern is similar, the details vary according to pre-existing ] situations...
...Passed by the Censor).—The war's fantastic headlines seem to have effectively obscured the routine, "unexciting" work of the world's free unions...
...There was first a series of clashes over measures restricting the free exercise of services, taken by the German authorities...
...Ickes turns his book agr to the 28 guest specialists, who are pretty well unanimcut thau-condemnation, of the "interests", which dominate.oar nevspanm...
...Many German newscasts ^to England are' sent in addition to the United States...
...review ofla iStscnasfcn of freedfen'of the p*tis today would be complete without reference to the liberal ffiSfl...
...Free Churches 369...
...other Free Churches 22...
...He bas an investment to .safeguard...
...But if news is to be uncensored...
...It uses humor, music and appeals to the mores and prejudices of the peoples at whom the short waves are' directed...
...Saposs was later pro-' fessor of labor economics, holding various positions...
...material supplied by the various listening stations, reports like that of Mr...
...Another did a feature on Soviet economy...
...There are signs that the Turks will hot fight to prevent being surrounded in this manner—that would put Ankara as much in Berlin's hands as are Budapest and Bucharest...
...BOOKS and WRITER Freedom of the Press By VICTOR RIESEL I. AST November Secretary of the Interior Ickes^told his press conference that this, country faced a "perilous situation" because the newspapers were not free but represented a small c|up of moneyed men...
...Before it can be implemented, American radio experts have much to pick up from foreign technique...
...I am very much afraid that in many cases people pass judgment too hastily as to whether or not an individual is a Communist...
...Bliven excoriates the daily press' |na forgets fiat his own magazine' has failed to criticize at least of» important public monopoly for obvious reasons, and that it dropped one of its star columnists for "riot" agreeing "'with' It...
...They're big businessmen, along "with 'Girdfer, Weir "and Sloan...
...The caftwr...
...Dave Stern, who used "to own the'NOW York Post, and who has been publishing liberal papers for nearly 30 years, writes, that Americans buy 40,000,000 newspapers every weak-day and 31,000,000 on Sunday, paying $100,000,000 for the privjr lege of reading that Rudolph Hess has.dropped in on Scotland and that Dick Tracy needs a blood transfusion...
...David Saposs was born, in Russia...
...In recent months sentiment for aggressive U. S. propaganda has grown here...
...Last week, under the aegis ^of-tiierForeign Policy Association, Harold N. Graves, Jr., now a mem-' ber of the Federal Communications Commission ,staff and until recently director of the Listening Center, issued a revealing booklet showing how short-wave broadcasting has now added a vital' new front to the war...
...two like Vernon McKenzie, director of the University of Washington's School of Journalism, and Louis Stark of the New York Times...
...The question uppermost in...
...When the Nazis entered Oslb, the Communists remained behind, while the labor leaders attempted resistance in -the hinterlands...
...Graves' and investigations by this newspaper's staff.— Ed...
...Recently the Scripps-Howard chain learned what it meant to play the wrong •side of the fence consistently...
...Philadefpms Inquirer was purchased by racing "dope" money, amounting...
...Only^ajrew nionths ago fbur members' .«C^t2ie (natisftl executive committee of a minor political party resigne' because the editor,of that.party's journal refused to obey a mandate,.and print pro-British views...
...on fottjjio policy...
...EngcL—While the question the gentleman from Wisconsin asks is perhaps not entirely pertinent to the issue at hand, I will try, nevertheless, to answer it as fairly as I can...
...The publishers are j|»g businessmen, they have their sajqep cows, they reflect the profits charts-all true...
...More than 300 priests were imprisoned in a drastic reply to their protests and publication of the Vatican decree was forbidden in the Reich...
...to $15,000,000...
...Recently a New York deskman turned out a feature piece favorable to Jan Valtin...
...Saposs and his staff were let out...
...McKenzie puts his criticism tersely when he says "a newspaper should be accurate, fair, and make money...
...Citrine, on January 30 and 31, 1941, with Walter . Schevenels, general secretary of the IFTU prpsent, and with William Green, president of the A.F.ofL...
...Their broadcasts are dry, humorless, and almost-intolerably decent...
...We see this concept nurtured^!* behalf of those nations .where the press is in the hands of «*s who...
...jjt - * FREEDOM OF T#E PRESS TODAY—Atsombled wUk-mH?™ treduction by HaroSi f. telcet.' Vanguard...
...From the latter city to...
...jpvtbe...
...After that the Panzers will fan out' into Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Trans Jordan, and Palestine, speeding as far as the British and the desert' will permit...
...The number of acts of sabotage are growing, particularly in the transport industry...
...Reich Aims at Baghdad Railway, Key to India Iraq Line Was Finished In July 1940 By DICK REYNARD With Russian and German pressure virtually assuring Turkish assent to Reich troop movements into the Mohammedan world, military and...
...If he comes from Russia, it is strike two...
...IF the private press has its abuses, so baa the left-wihg'aftd *. labor press...
...F the total circulation, nearly 35,000,000 is...
...Bruce Bliven contributes a chapter tn which be condemns perversion of the news and writes that "journalists arid j?apc!*sppt old,.fat an^jfimid...
...Cathedrals seriously damaged are those of Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Rochester, Canterbury and Westminster Cathedral...
...then came Italy and England, and only recently the United States awakened to the possibility of radio broadcasts to South America as part of our good-will drive...
...His condition was so critical that the Nazis sent him to the Podol Sanitarium in Prague...
...Grave incidents occuring in the Netherlands are also troubling the Holy See...
...BCcause of the interest in the NLRB the New Leader thinks it important to reproduce below part of the recent Congressional Record : (Page 3062, House Congressional Record, April 3, 1941...
...We recall 'what^tg* alleged cynicism accomplished -during the Russo-Fmhish w*r, during the collapse ipf France...
...Out of a weekly circulation of 55,000 in March, 36,000 had to be scrapped as unsaleable...
...Howard's "handling of Roosevelt news, the unwitting anti-Semitic talk of General Johnson, she the rabid isolationism began to send circulation curves 'down until * these policies were tempered a bit...
...Nazis Destroy 2(600 Churches In England WASHINGTON, D. C.-^More than 2,600 English churches were destroyed or seriously damaged m German air raids up to the beginning of February, according to figures gathered by ecclesiastical circles here...
...At present it is the southern terminal for the British military fighting the pro-German Rashid Gailani's forces...
...Ralph Ingersoll also talks of a free press, but ignores the Open bias of nearly SO per cent of" his original staff...
...Teach for their revolvers when iney think of culture...
...to judge whether a union was a legitimate' employees organization or one set...
...The port is geared to handle some 5,000 tons daily...
...it.is elsewhere.in the consumers'!world...
...The Russians sent out revolutionary and Communist messages in code, addressed to "All, All, All," shortly after the October revolution...
...There was much prominence given to the Committee hearings, little to what followed...
...his own publication overlooks the fact that the vast section of organised labor...
...Communist propaganda has met with little success...
...2.50...
...Like me, others reading various reports, including newspaper reports, I was under the impression that Dr...
...If the Turks choose to fight, this railway will be the only facility, for sending aid to them...
...If it were- not...
...These replies axe now gathered and published as a eiinciai examination of the American press.*, , , After an introductory chapter...
...Green, of the America* ¦ Federation of Labor, in which be expresses the same opinion...
...Cut from the arid theorizing on yardsticks for a free press the problem" of the American newspaper, certainly the best in the world, resolves itself into an understanding that newspapers are big business...
...William Allen White points out in another chapter tnat'JtAWe is more biased news in the radical' newspaper, the house organ propaganda, machine, and the party mouthpiece than in the Time* or Time...
...In this appears to lie much of the solution the specialists seek, frequently in complex and Detailed analyzation...
...But the real reason why I believe that David Saposs is not » ¦¦ Communist is because his entire . life's work has been inconsistent . with the theory of communism...
...The next to enter,the field was France...
...by Mr...
...A five-day broadcast period is equivalent to the words in the Bible or in all of Shakespeare's works...
...Already the Mufti of vJcrusalem has called upon the Islam world to revolt...
...I am afraid that many people form their opinions something like this: If a person is a Jew, it is strike one...
...conservative Yet ^ America went liberal in 1932 and has stayed, that w»y through three .presidential, elections...
...Ed Keating, editor of "Labor,* the railway mfff* newspaper, writes of' a free but controlled press, "and'lr...
...The pr~js~ needs improving, true, but not the straitjacketiag of an/ rfjgB * ment regulation, or supervision by those whose, "liberal" P1™*" cations have followed totalitarian lines of their own...
...anti-British and in convincing many Arabs that Hitler is a Moslem...
...He believes in every right that free labor can exercise in a free country...
...Before the invasion the Communists shouted vociferously about the lack of support from England and France...
...This writer's impatience with this criticism comes from ar...
...I have a letter written...
...Haydar Pasha, a 1,636 mile trip, is a three day run: There the Bosporus is crossed by ferry to Istanbul, and so on into Europe...
...With these tactics in mind the British - have been financing the line by permitting Iraq to float in London, its first foreign loan...
...Sauthoff.—May I ask...
...individual is at all liberal and the third ball comes anywhere near the .plate, it is strike three and out, as a Communist...
...It is...
...Under the leadership of M. Cris-tophe, who comes from the camp of the Catholic trade unions, a "Union of Workers by Hand and Braih" was set up...
...An additional 1,945 were less seriously damaged...
...There the strongly knit trade unions have led the nationally unified opposition...
...Dies, of Texas, the chairman of the so-* called Dies committee, told me -personally that his committee had no evidence that he was a Communist...
...he joined the Socialist Party when Victor Berger was Socialist leader of Milwaukee...
...He worked Ids way through elementary school, and college selling papers and doing shorthand work...
...This was the original intention of the Germans "when they encouraged'RashidGar-darri in the first place...
...On the night of July' 17, 1940, while France as a free nation was" crumbling, the first through passenger train for Istanbul steamed out of Baghdad making the much dreamed-of Berlin-to-Baghdad railway a reality...
...participating...
...the next day lie found scrawled across his desk: "RAT...
...Both charged" him with Communism...
...Vatican circles are perturbed at several other, recent conflicts between the church and the Nazis...
...Education of the public is the solution in the newspaper field as...
...of {?2 replied to Mr...
...Of these, 58 were Soman Catholic...
...David Saposs could not be a Communist without being inconsistent with the work that he has done during his entire lifetime...
...A vast new field of conflict haa been opened by this radio technique, a technique that must be considered as important to the...
...up by the company...
...R*i||i Ingersoll, Ed Keating, Freda Kirch wey, Harold D. Lass well, lEp Lerner, Archibald MacLeish, Louis Stark, J. David—Stern arte A. F. Whitney, do dissect the publishers arid their predicts.'' Oddly enough, the verdict is nearly unanimous, «*ft'itb...
...United States is pro-British...
...This was the same Victor Berger who was at one time a Member of this House...
...Most effective opposition to the Nazis is found in Norway...
...Since there is heavy strain on Red Sea Ports, Basra now receives about 10 ships monthly from the United States as 'Well as heavily loaded vessels from Japan, and the Clutch and British colonies...
...IFTU Session Reports j 12,500,000 Members ] LONDON...
...The specialists, Among wbjjjz are Herbert Agar, Bruce Bliven, Arthur Capper, Raymond Cia)M»at, Ken Crawford, George (Poll) Gallup, J. B. S. Hardmar...
...The climax came over the refusal on the part of Nazi religious authorities to permit Catholic priests to take.part in funeral rites for Germans killed in combat...
...The article discussed liquidation of the Russian small farmers...
...Of the contributing specialists, Louis Stark's chapter stands out, first for its tracing of the handling iof "labor ifewl^nd/seeotia because he is the only writer in the group to discuss svrpres»Von of the news from below...
...The trade-unions are reorganized, ostensibly remain free, but actually are under the guidance and control of Nazi party members...
...All trades are organized as affiliates of this union...
...Further activities on radio warfare will appear in The New Leader shortly...
...their literary snickersees the specialists decapitate the publishers...
...It has been revealed by Catholic dignitaries that Germany has been killing many of its blind, aged and incurably ill, as a drag on the Nazi war machine...
...In Belgium the work of reorganization began in February...
...Citrin presided...
...it cut off the appropriation...
...This was underscored recently by the German - announcement that Charles Cardinal • Kaspar, arch- ' bishop of Prague and primate of Czechoslovakia, died in Prague on April 21, at the age of 71...
...Tlhe latter "problem was dovetailed with the preparatory work fc«r post-war reconstruction, plans for which are being assembled...
...There are non-political newspapermen frankly afraid to criticize certain political tendencies to avoid being persecuted on the closed shop newspapers which employ them...
...these Axis broadcasts which have suddenly interested our Federal government, as yet years behind the propaganda technique of both Britain and Germany...
...The party is distrusted by the people...
...Listening posts have been set up by American radio companies, newspapers and universities to study and get news from these international,broadcasts...
...read "Let's operate, what can we lose...
...All but one or...
...he came to America, when he was 9 years old...
...This writer has no brief for the publishers...
...In many cases, the established trade unions have affiliated en masse, holding regular meetings before Nazi party officials, and secret meetings, to solidify the anti-fascist opposition...
...the minds of those present was the maintenance and functioning of free trade unions in the countries not yet hit by the Nazi blitz, and the reconstruction of under-•ground unions or work in the state unions in occupied nations...
...The New York Times is reputedly worth nearly $40i000,000 in cash...
...These rijrhts cannot be exercised and are not erercised, in fact, they are denied to labor in Communist Russia...
...His every effort has been to maintain, sustain, and establish those rights...
...inttau»» " knowledge of the handling of news on many sheet- It 's&o comes from the knowledge that there is an inherent danger to obr still free press if the psychology gets abroad that "you can,* if , lieve anything you read,in the newspapers...
...ii Saposs was employed by that Board at the time...
...Now only three trains a week run in each direction between Oslo and Bergen...
...Twenty- eigt...
...During her Colonial Exposition in 1931, she began m broadcast programs to her Empire...
...Highlight of the sesion, the •minutes of which have now been made public, was a statement reporting that the IFTU numbers today 14 national centers, functioning normally, with a total affiliated membership of 12,447,000...
...That hits it squarely...
...He believes in free organized labor, the right to strike, the right of representation on the part of labor by individuals of their own choosing, and the right to organize...
...scores journalists, publishers and labor leaders...
...He offered as evidence the fact that the vnt majority of this country's 2000 newspapers had...
...Baptist 89...
...Note...
...Obviously the people know- what it happening about -ftem without special counsel from - .propaganda analysts and special polls...
...As the unions resumed their , workt the Communists . denounced labor leaders to the military authorities...
...Congregational 123...
...And if the...
...Soon after the occupation of Prague by the Nazis, the aging Cardinal was arrested and placed in -jail...
...if reporters are to be free, there mustjbe.no control from below, either...
...It broadcasts not only in English, but in German, French, Czech, Italian and other .languages occasionally, .The Axis goes, all-out in English, French, German, Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian, Greek, Turkish, Arabic and Egyptian...
...This point of view is believed to be making headway, in government circles...
...Of these 1,100 were Anglican, 710 Free Churches and 135 Catholic...
Vol. 24 • June 1941 • No. 20
