The Rise and Tall of Leon Trotsky
LEBEDEV, VLADIMIR
The Rise and Tall of Leon Trotsky By VLADIMIR LEBEDEV I EON TROTSKY was born in 1879, the son ™ of an agricultural colonist in the province of Kherson. He joined the labor movement in 1896. In...
...the other is dead...
...First Russia, then Italy' and Germany...
...In 1902 he escaped to England...
...Lebedev, to appear next week, sketches the rest of Trotsky's career and summarizes his significance as a leading actor of the revolution...
...It fills our ears, our Hearts and souls, with undescribable horror...
...Mankind did not then pay enough attention to those actions...
...Later, Trotsky published "The Struggle," which followed the <'Trotskyist" line...
...They are carried out to such a degree and with such velocity that it is difficult for our slow minds to follow...
...Weeks, months will be needed to cure him, to make him a normal being again...
...Nazi Promises - 1 ONDON (passed by the censor): ,A - Dutch Nazi whose only claim to fame was that he bore the same name as his brother, the secretary of the Labor Party, and a Dutch Fifth Columnist who had been imprisoned at the outbreak of the war, today rule the crushed Dutch Labor movement...
...in addition, bia ?2l ful personality...
...IN his autobiography, Trotsky declares that * this was the most terrible front the Bolshe-^.iiks had- to face...
...The fact'is that very soon he changed his opinion...
...They regarded Trotsky as the product of Ler.in's caprice...
...A large arctic zone is covering almost the whole of continental Europe...
...Trotsky tells of these incidents in his autobiography...
...After the Bolshevik conn d'etat of October, 1917, Khrustalev-Nossar was executed by the Bolsheviks under Trotsky...
...Austria followed and Czechoslovakia and Poland...
...This saved the Bolsheviks at the beginning of our uprising...
...For the Congress Poland that formed a Russian promontory in the German Sea was very hard to defend and the Russian armies concentrated on that peninsula could be easily trapped by German armies approaching from three sides...
...And he had always pretended to first place...
...TTHE apparent aim of Stalin's * policy is the regaining cf all provinces lost from 1917 to 1920...
...One may be in prison...
...This article on Trotsky was written specially for The New Leader...
...it is more nerve:shattering and more depressing than the'-sobs and cries of the dying and wounded, because locked in it is the slavery of millions and millions of humans...
...gtraa-ger," the Bolshevik "barin" -.master...
...After the party split into Mensheviks and Bolsheviks, Trotsky joined the former...
...It is mofe unbearable than horrendous noise...
...The Boishevii mob regarded Trotsky only as an instnunaat cf the party, a man put forward by the party...
...No sigh, -no longer groaning—only silence...
...A brutal power has forced them into silence...
...it is probable that it was Parvus who gave him the idea...
...it is difficult to determine who was actually the father of this theory in its Russian formulation...
...The fourth has joined the ranks of...
...TROTSKY'S biography has many colorfai «J| tures...
...more dreadful than shrieking, bomb or "th'e"wail of war-plane sirens...
...Instituted as new head of the "Labor Party" is Rost Van Tonnigen, head of the Dutch Nazi Party which polled only 4% of the vote in the last election . Van ¦ Tonningen has been described as a bitter enemy of the labor movement and a "man who knows nothing but hate...
...the activities of the Southern Russian Workers' Union and exiled to Vercholensk, Siberia...
...Christ" in non-Bolshevik circles...
...The Dutch Labor Party still "exists," but the Reich commissar of the occupied Netherlands has dismissed the entire council of the party...
...Ke did not betas...
...Carefully, stubbornly, he built the machine for the seizure of power through the entire period beginning with 1903...
...After Stalin's coming to power, Joffe committed suicide...
...Barbarism had overtaken the machine of a well organized state and used it for its own purposes...
...He had only himself,Trotsky, with his voice, h i s abilities, his mad self-love, his "dialectic" capacity to change the black of yesterday into the white of today, his opportunism, and his "Menshevik" past...
...exiled to Siberia.' Again Tie escaped abroad a?a founded "Pravda," a paper "above factions," which he edited together with A. Joffe, later Lenin's first ambassador to Germany...
...He played before ft skillfully, but he bets it in tot,tempt and kept himself at a distance from it He inspires it to evil, but he was not ioved by it The Bol-shevik mob always sensed in Trotsky a...
...choke every free word wherever it may be found, in literature, in art, in science, in journalism, on lecture platforms, or even in simple conversation...
...Kolchak's coup d'etat gave them the final victory...
...After the Kornilov uprising he was released* With the rising wave of Bolshevism he became president of the Petrograd Soviet, after the Bolsheviks had obtained the majority...
...Alexander, growing uneasy at last in his friendship with Napoleon, finally swung back to England, making Russia's third change of alliance in fifteen years...
...His voice was "well plaeejJpjZ' gestures studied, and his histrionic play bets* a crowd—almost perfect...
...He may be tas» as a basis for speculation about the Nazi-Bolshevik friendship...
...This new alliance of the two continental empires against Britain was inaugurated ir...
...We must speak in the name of all those millions who'are unable to do so...
...dispersed the' Omsk' Directorate,' which in 'the: meanwhile had assumed the authority of the Committee of the {Constituent Assembly...
...hope, . To me life would be meaningless-if ? were not firmly convinced that some day their accusing silence will be heard...
...Previous to Kokhak's coujr d'etat, Colonel Muraviov, Bolshevik commander-in-chief, a strange, unbalanced individual (he helped me suppress the July, 1017 uprising of the Bolsh-viks in Petrograd), went over'to the side of the Constituent Asaembly, but was shot by Red Guards under command of Vareikis (recently executed, by Stalin...
...He looks about ??xiosly, as if afraid of...
...Kolchak < executed -those o? its members who -had organized the uprising...
...destroy every manifestation of free spirit...
...But all of them are separated from one another...
...We see it is useless to urge him any more...
...It is obvious that the two rightly mistrust each other...
...A complete silence towering today like cliffs over many nations who yesterday still were free and whose voices to us were those of brothers...
...The Bolsheviks also soon resorted to conscription and began the creation of the Red Army...
...Stalinist gangsterism is but the logical, natural consequence of Leninist-Trotskyist "dialectics" and policy...
...He behaved in a manner justifying, according to Bolshevik "morals," the "supreme punishment"—death...
...Victims followed each other...
...we still have the chance to speak, to use oar own language...
...HE -Russo - German pact of * August 23rd, 1939, with its manifold consequences, caused amazement not only in the camps of Bolshevik sympathizers, but also in the larger circles of those who had held a rather critical attitude toward the Soviets...
...Trotsky was only a personality whose abilities were utilized solely through the will of Lenin...
...These eosn-tries are at the same time the bastions o? Britain's empire and their occupation by Russia woaW be dangerous tc the British power-It can be alsc assumed that Ho> ccw may at any time eowisde an agreement with Japan the partition of China or even the whole Asiatic continent * * * ^NE thing is certain: the «ora* of Moscow's foreign poiisf ¦ unlikely tc be influenced by any ideological considerations...
...After the arrest of Khrustalev-Nossar, Menshevik president of the Soviet, Trotsky became his successor...
...Lenin, older than Trotsky, could not be regarded by him as a competitor...
...He became "first"—after Lenin...
...Ii 1929 he was exiled to Turkey...
...VMHEN you speak cf the tradi-" tions of Russian foreign policy you must remember that its chief feature is the periodical shifting from one diplomatic combination to another...
...To be concluded next week) Europe's Dead Voice ptead* (or di?e By STEFAN ZWE?G ALL of us who live in free countries "must fulfill today's most important duty...
...LENIN had long placed reliance upon the wild play of popular passions, upon the people's thirst for revenge against the "old regime," upon defeatist selfishness—"peace to the huts of the poor, war against the palaces" —"rob the robbers"—upon unscrupulous demagogy and ultimate seizure of power, regardless of means...
...Trotsky's automobile was fired upon by my patrol, but Trotsky escaped...
...The destruction of the British Empire, and perhaps the United States, would be tremendous" plunder for the two dictators...
...It was always the same system...
...France sooi refused to tolerate his presence, however...
...This uprising was joined by the Czecho-Slovak legions after Trotsky, responding to a demand from Berlin, had ordered that they be disarmed and surrendered to Germany, in violation of a promise given to the Czechs by Lenin and Trotsky...
...The struggle against the March Revolution was too much for Lenin's p a r t y alone...
...These are precisely the regtaps that Hitler acknowledged to be 'in the Russian sphere of influence and which Stalin recently annexed—or, as in the case of Finland, is about to annex...
...AFTER the conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk peace Trotsky, acting under Lenin's directions, organized the civil war in Russia...
...Het Volk, one of the most famous .labor papers in the world, and one of the largest, employing nearly 800 people, has been taken, and the printing presses now turn out Goebbels propaganda...
...The eyes shone brilliantly beneath the eyeglasses, accentuating the sharp nose and hollow cheeks...
...On the contrary, for a period o? some nften years Trotsky had disagreed with Lenin and ridiculed him venomously in his pre-revolutiona r y pamphlets...
...All of us are morally obliged to tell the truth...
...This "mephistopbaaaa-ism," coupled with his ruthless terrorist activity against all opponents and critics of the Soviet regime gave him the reputation of the "Antj...
...Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies, established during the abortive revolution of that year...
...He knew that these forces, after destroying all his opponents, would ultimately be in his power, together with Russia...
...The best possible outcome ftccs Stalin's point of view would he i stalemate between Britain aad Germany...
...Whether he was sincere or engaged merely in a maneuver—history will decide...
...Today the fact that the Russian foreign policy is in the hands of Bolsheviks obscures the fundamental fact that there are in Russia's policy immutable tendencies, rooted and shaped by its geography and hiatory...
...Today we know exactly what was meant when famous books were burned in public .ceremonies, when famous scientists were ordered from their: professorships, when priests'were persecuted lin their churches...
...or htar^ do is to wait until the fonsucasw machine has been broken ea* east seriously weakened...
...On the side of the Bolsheviks were Letts, Chinese, Hungarian and German war prisoners, sailors, and similar "partisan" detachments...
...And, in fact, he did show remarkable energy...
...Three hundred million human beings are living there...
...Out of millions of homes secret "prayers go to heaven...
...With the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, Lebedev...
...Soviet Foreign Policy Follows Czarist Route By GREGORY BIENSTOCK THERE ?6 a tendency in the anti-Bolshevik wing of public opinion in this country even, and still more in Britain, to expect a break between Russia and Germany shortly...
...Os» we conceive the North Pole suddenly moving-southward,- covering everything with ice...
...iltt the July uprising of 1917, the rehearsal to the October coup d'etat, he was arrested by the author of this article and jailed together with other Bolsheviks, pending trial for defeatist activity...
...They gave themselves one task which they accomplished thoroughly: to demolish all vestiges of free human spirit...
...Stalin knows very well that on the day the Nazis win their decisive victory, over Britain Hitler will turn against Russia...
...That attack against humanity in Germany was indeed only the introduction to more extended crimes...
...By succeeding Khrustalev-Nossar as presi-'"•dent of the 1905 Soviet, Trotsky attracted international attention...
...We heard the cry: Help...
...The .aims of the forces of the Constituent Assembly were: restoration of the eastern front, repudiation of the Brest-Litovsk treaty, continuation of the war against Kaiser Germany, and restoration of liberty, under the authority of the Constituent Assembly...
...There was no personal tie between the mob ted the man...
...In London, Trotsky collaborated in the Social-Demo-eratic organ "Iskra," established by Lenin and edited at that time by Lenin, Martoy, Potres-SGV^'Jaulxod, Zasulitch and.Plechanov...
...Today "world revctatioB is nothing but a convenient for promoting the policy of sr*~| Stalin knows very well that * defeat cf Britain wouM luinf SMS face to face with Hitler'sJ»*" tiable will tc dominate.^HMJ cannot tolerate the pi«—llf»^ a powerful Russia in Europa.**" lin knows it but he is too to stand up against the Gar*1" war machine ;ust new...
...No news, no letters, no reliable reports...
...Mankind then did itot...
...Cruel by nature, he embarked upon such crimes, such ruthless extermination of Lenin's opponents, such justifications of bloody violence against individuals and the masses, that there was no other place for him in Russia except at Lenin's side...
...Soviet Russia has already retrieved most of the lost provinces...
...IN 1905, TrV)tslryhiwW, again arrested and...
...torment to our* ears.'We hear it always...
...In 1933, under Laval, and with the aid c: the deputy Lafond (whom he had once arrestee in Russia as a French spy) he succeeded ii obtaining admittance to France...
...His executed colleague*, ?3 nev and Zinoviev, abo had colorful biogruiS Even the dull official Molotov is not 4m?2J!k it...
...We knew their shibboleths: Suffocate all voices except pur own...
...But there were only two personalities shone as such on the Bolshevik front in |t early period of its history: Lenin and Tietjfc* The question is: What was the quality efl3 brightness...
...From the Socialists-Revolutionists, Lenin succeeded in splitting the "left" S-Rs (whom he soon executed...
...He does not know...
...Trot sky then found refuge in Norway...
...Pe*sia...
...Afghanis***, Irak, soon may all become ft* prey cf the Soviets...
...J&mSK remarkable demagogic orator, and a imfj pamphleteer...
...The large military machine was put into motion...
...j . The only thing left...
...May we expect something similar now...
...Because cf this there could be no such tbine as "Trotskyism'' cf the masses...
...when Holland fell they were taken to France, but now they have returned...
...Historical experience teaches us that the tatting from one alliance to anota»' is very usual in Russian Unp policy...
...Lenin knew well that Trotsky could not possibly leave him...
...And Lenin was the symbol of Bolshevism...
...But he understood quickly that, under his guidance, Trotsky (who readily accepted this guidance) would be a great force by virtue of his personal qualities and ability...
...They were subsequently released...
...Stalin's treatment of Trotsky was merely an accentuation in pure gangster form of Trotsky's treatment of opponents as a policy justified by revolution and camouflaged with "dialectics...
...This community of interest consists primarily in the possibility of a division of the spoils between them...
...That is a strong tie...
...He entrusted him with the most responsible posts, because of his abilites...
...Against the Mensheviks he unleashed Trotsky...
...It *»¦ in the crudest way represent pewer politics of Stalin's enspfr*The essence of this policy* power and more power...
...He now resides in New York...
...The rest is silence, icy and deadly silence...
...Transferred to the post of Commissa: of Railways he was driven, in the fall of 1926 from the Politbureau and, in 1927, from th< Central Committee of the Communist Party after which he was exiled to Alma Ata...
...The free voices in Eur rope are suffocated...
...The 300,000 strong of the free Dutch Trade Unions are now ruled by an obscure Dutch Nazi named Woudenberg, who until the" invasion had been the head of the small National Socialist Trades Unions which never had more than 5,000 members...
...T*HIS silence, terrible, unpenetrable,'endless ~ ¦—is...
...This organization of civil war, together with the Brest-Litovsk peace, provoked the uprising of the Party of Socialist-Revolutionists, directed by the Committee of the Constituent Assembly...
...They underrated the immense striking power which such an organized barbarism would be able to develop...
...We witnessed their arrival...
...To answer this it is necessary to realize that there is in the development of the foreign policy of every state a trend more or less independent of its internal policy...
...Burirtt" 4p*«wat Trotsky found himself in Paris, where he engaged in defeatist propaganda: -He edited "Our Word," established by Martbvy'poured streams of filth on the heads "df-<he» Socialists who supported the war against Germany, and in 1916 was banished from Franee as*an enemy of the country...
...Now Russia's western frontier forms an almost straig+t liar from north to south aad, in tie event cf snnexatioa of JWand, which is very rrobsble, Eassu will also have a very stfeaf sssritime position ir...
...In lieu of these provinces Soviet Russia has taken Eastern Galicia, which belonged for only a very short time to the Russian Empire and was exchanged at the Vienna Congress for Western Poland, and Bukovina, which had never belonged to Russia...
...Sometimes one of our former friends manages to escape from the .prison which is Continental Europe, surmounting the many deadly dangers which threaten every such attempt...
...Alexander at that time received Finland, Bessarabia and a part cf Eastern Galicia from Napoleon...
...The grandiose uprising of the Constituent Assembly failed because, of the coup d'etat cf Admiral 'Kolchak,- who seized power and...
...But there is undoubtedly a considerable community -of' interest' between the two totalitarian countries...
...Stalin's predatory activities could then be extended t»-yond his direct "sphere of hah-ence," as conceded by Hitiesv Asia...
...before Lenin's death, Trotsky invariant* ^ mained in the minority, and his "Trotstytoa* was always the lot of an oppositionist handfc He had a lofty brew, under a thick crop of hair, a face tapering to the chin, with a Itfnghk, pointed beard covering the "strong" jaw...
...The annexation of Outer Mav goiia and the tremendous greets of Soviet influence in Chin*» Turkestan are only phases ef th* development...
...The forces of the Constituent Assembly—the People's Army—consisted, at first, of volunteers, assisted by the Czechs...
...He became Lenin's instrument...
...It was he who directed the railway explosion aimed to kill Trotsky daring the fighting, and the assault npon his automobile...
...Among the dull, impersonal band of leaders of Lenin's p a r t y Trotsky was, indeed, a "find...
...The party leaders hated him as an interloper, as a "theoretician" who had differed with thai until the middle of 1S17, as an outside am-petitor who pretended to Ler.in's place, as as upstart who had attached himself to Leso...
...The civilized world failed to understand 1933...
...the Baltic...
...The rest the reaae: knows...
...We free men, however, who live in England, in the Dominions or in the United States, we must speak for them...
...II/E all know how the tidal wave of that ** great human tragedy took force...
...njft to be permitted a nation of seventy gOTioCs in the heart of Europe without their' endangering the basis of all Western civilization...
...It was in those days, when Germany, the center of Europe, became the victim of the National Socialist barbarians...
...Now hundreds of millions of free men, ten thousands of the best brains and most ncble minds suddenly have been silenced...
...Trotsky had nothing like it...
...Today Russia, after the annexation of the three Baltic republics, has a better strategic frontier in the West than the Russian Empire had in 1914...
...We ask questions about former friends...
...He is still a victim of the terror...
...He had extraordinary mm??L and tremendous working capacity...
...Never in history, I suppose, has human spirit been enslaved to such a degree...
...Men who by their work had enriched European culture, suddenly were hunted like wild animals by the police...
...It forbids them to say what they think and to speak out the truth...
...But for ,qur brothers over there, nothing is left but prayer and silent hope...
...Soon, however, this army adopted the conscription principle...
...This victory was credited to Trotsky...
...For it is no longer human life, when men are not permitted to express their ideas, their wishes, their hopes, their complaints, and their sorrows...
...Q-ES it follow from all tail that Stalin is preparing sda-fensive or maybe an offessfoiaar against the Reich...
...These features combined to produce a "mephb-tophalian" impression...
...In spite of .the great-silence, all-those human beings are still able...
...understand the elementary truth that modern humanity is a unit in mind and spirit and that a crime against human rigbti...
...It would be wrong to consider foreign policy only in its relation to internal policy...
...But in vain...
...Paul's successor, Alexander I. went back to the English alliance only to forsake it a few years later with apparent finality, and to combine with -the French emperor for a partition cf Europe...
...Taking an active part in the suppression of the Bolshevik uprising of July, 1917, Lebedev arrested Trotsky aad other Bolshevik leaders...
...Emperor Paul I (1796-1801) cut loose from the alliance with England, against France, and formed a union with the First Consul, Napoleon Bonaparte, which had as its object the destruction of England's power...
...dead the voices of poets and writers...
...They are gone...
...More than once Lehin and Trotsky declared subsequently that Kol-chak's coup, d'etat helped them enormously...
...Trotsky without Lenin was nothing...
...The third is in a concentration camp...
...LebedevV summary of Trotsky's personality and role m the revolution as Lenin's "big stkk" conforms to the facts...
...Their intelligence, their spirit, their ideas, and their ideals are being enchained from one day to another...
...There are also the vast regions in Eastern Asia which in the last twenty years became Russian spheres of influence, Outer Mongolia and Chinese Turkestan...
...the Nazis, at least outwardly...
...w'0*~ revolution, perhaps, if it -fits h» purpose—but only in that cas* World revolution long ago C**f*j to be the aim cf Russia's fo*f...
...Then Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium and finally France...
...Then too, they have in common a hatred of freedom, of religion, of democracy...
...Upon returning to Russia in 1905, he edited the "Workers7 Gazette," and became a member of the St...
...yr...
...The peoples of Europe are being enslaved one after another...
...The time will come when' history will comprehend this catastrophe of mankind...
...Which will prevail in the long run—distrust and antagonism, or common interest...
...Dead are the voices of relatives and friends...
...it would not be sosas* if Stalin followed the example 0? Paul I or Alexander I. Alexander became a partner to the Napoleonic continental coalition against England only to desert his friend, and master, several years later...
...And, of course, there was no place where Trotsky could go even if he had been inclined to go...
...In 1898 he was arrested in connection with...
...The concluding article by Mr...
...I ENIN himself—whose first place was assured after October—did not fear a competitor in Trotsky...
...Norway too, was compelled to reconsider her hospitality under Stalin's pressure, and in 1937 Trotsk...
...At the outbreak of the war Van Tonningen was one of 21 seized as traitors...
...His ter rorist activity during and after that period i: collaboration with Lenin is a matter of history * * * ¦"TROTSKY'S star began to dim with Lenin...
...But it was precisely this stage-play el*bfc which had little effect outside a crowd...
...He has - not- learned again the habit of free thought and free speech...
...Undoubtedly the internal development.of a state must exercise a great influence upon its relations with other nations...
...Jevm Trotsky was an extremely able, genunwb "brilliant" man...
...Woudenberg's asset was his sibling relationship to C. Woudenberg, former secretary of the Dutch Labor Party...
...policy...
...Lenin was careful to enlist "fellow-travelers" from the ranks of both the Socialists-Revolutionists and Mensheviks...
...He had l?ck...
...We receive him joyfully, embrace him, and ask him to speak about it, to describe the happenings...
...spies...
...As no such first place was available before the revolution, he attacked maliciously nearly everybody of consequence in the revolutionary movement, and remained "first" in his isolation...
...Suddenly another civilized nation has gone...
...took a leading part in the civil, weir as an - organizer of the Army of the, Constituent Assembly—the People's Army...
...e are in possession of our tongues and-pens...
...TJOTSKY exercised great -Influence upen-ta* Bolshevik mob...
...From February, 1918, during the Brest-Litovsk negotiations, he adopted his famous policy of "neither peace nor war...
...After the seizure of power Trotsky, as commissar of foreign affairs, conducted negotiations with the Allies for the dispatch of Allied troops to Russia through Murmansk and Archangel to help Russia continue the war against Germany...
...But his fame was facilitated more by his theory of "permanent revolution...
...This alliance is, in the eyes of Stalin and Hitler, .simply a means to an end...
...death...
...Tilsit in 1807...
...In this capacity Trotsky developed his fullest potentialities...
...fhe Power, the Glory, and the Dust WLADIMIR LEBEDEV, * author of this article on Trotsky, is a veteran member of the ' Party of Socialist Revolutionists...
...After that, Trotsky's military star began to shine brightly on the Bolshevik front.' He wa: the actual organizer of the Red Army...
...We had seen them before they succeeded in grasping the conning bridge of the German State...
...For at the time when Trotsky began to preach the theory, he was publishing the "Russian Gazette" together with Parvus (Helfand), in which both appeared as the proponents o? the theory...
...His eyes are terrified...
...No sign whatsoever from them any more...
...In party committees and at party meetings before lbs revolution, at party congresses and in the lljZ lin councils under the Bolshevik regime, eres...
...landed in Mexico, where President C?rdena: permitted him to reside as his own "card' against the Stalinists...
...While a great deal more remains to be said on the subject by way of elaboration, Mr...
...In a few days, in a week, in a month another ten millions, another twenty millions, another fifty millions of free men may be in slavery...
...His armored train was stopped during the battle for Sviazchsk by an explosion along the railway track carried out during the night by a patrol under command of the author of this article...
...tc the organization Lenin founded in 1908, tat: band cf sycophants absolutely devoted to his., stripped by him cf all individuality, and at-cepting blindly the dictates of his will...
...This is the aid product of the Nazi promise, made at the onset of the invasion, that the Dutch people would be allowed to live their own- lives under their own institutions...
...ttca'TJIwtee...
...yTrotsky became a member of the Bolshevik Military-Revolutionary Committee, of which he was the leader in Petrograd, together with Antonov-Ovseyenko and Dybenko (the last two mentioned were recently executed by Stalin...
...In 1917, after the overthrow of the Czarist government, he returned to Russia, where he joined the Bolsheviks...
...It is our first, our-sacred obligation to Bpeak...
...Trotsky's order for the execution of the Czech legions, who were proceeding across Russia via Vladivostok to France and England, with hjs and Lenin's permission, remains a -classic example of treachery and cruelty, particularly so - because the Czechs were at that very moment covering1 the retreat of the Bolshevik forces, under Antonov-Ovseyenko, before the Germans in...
...ThisTis -actually what our free intellectual activity has become...
...Parvus was much more able than Trotsky and...
...The whole of what before constituted civilized, intellectual, and artistic life, degenerates from day to day...
...In 1929, Lebedev made a secret trip to Russia at great risk of his Ufe land upon his return wrote an illuminating series of articles...
...After the outbreak of the revolution in March, 1917, he returned to Russia, where he became assistant minister of the Navy under Kerensky...
...In the years before the war the Nazis would hold great meetings and announce that "Woudenberg" would speak, and hope to attract the people through this trick...
...He had confidence in the party machine he had created, in its ability to sail to victory on t h e crest of t h e negative elemental forces that would be unleashed by the revolution...
...And, indeed, in the Bolshevik revolution Trotsky was the caprice cf Ler.ir...
...But there was...
...His monstrous self-love received complete satisfaction...
...Tyranny has stolen their elementary human rights...
...Only silence...
...The zone of silence, of intellectual death becomes wider...
...nay, vegetating there...
...He fought as a private in the French Army in the war of 1914-18...
...Never before have terror and brutal force been so systematically developed...
...Yet it is not difficult to find, is the history of Russo-German relations, as well as in the attitude of Moscow toward Britain and her continental policy, certain traditions which may account for the development of Stelin's foreign policy, and can serve as a basis for cautious predictions...
...Raids on human rights are daily events...
...And if the left S-Rs were useful to Lenin as a faction of a powerful party, for the purpose of undermining that party and luring some part of the peasant masses into the camp of dictatorship...
...v The uprising' directed by the Constituent Assembly, combined with the resistance of the Czechs, soon developed into a veritable war...
...And then everything was over...
...The Stalinist gangsters who killed Trotsky in response to the orders of the "6ig boss" in Moscow, were, in the - final analysis, the inevitable product of the morals, political methods and thirst for power which Lenin and Trotsky, whether they realized it or not, made the foundation stones of the Soviet regime...
...But it was precisely this "first" place at Lenin's side among the l a t t e r ' s lieutenants, who regarded Trotsky merely as a "caprice" ofrthe old man, which doomed him to destruction in the struggle with Stalin for the "succession" after Lenin's death...
...The Czech legions consisted of troops who had deserted trom the Austrian army to fight for the Allies...
...Through Spain he'came to the United States where, together' with Bugharin, he edited the defeatist "New World...
Vol. 23 • September 1940 • No. 36
