WAR ON 'RECESSION' REVIVES FIGHT ON GREED
WAR ON 'RECESSION' REVIVES FIGHT ON GREED Century-Old Struggle of the Thirties Shews Need of Fight to the Finish DISEASED capitalism, in its old age, is again cracking and one of its political...
...He ranges over such subjects as "racketeering labor uni*%aaspawlasj^aaai|i.^^;^i'u t j...
...This was true in his day, but such combination is possible today...
...Baruch recently visited Roosevelt, and the inference is that the auto industry and the General Motors lay-off of 30,000 men were discussed...
...Disunion and weakness or reunion and power...
...In one message he said: "The rich and powerful too often bead the acts of government to their selfish purposes...
...Those difficulties no longer exist...
...For a time it appeared that the Administration was wavering in the face of the concentrated assaults of the big powers of capital and finance...
...He made war on two fronts against reactionary enemies...
...If we can also heal the wound* aoJb$mf by the split in Labor's ranks by itiiiaUla|| those who should fight together we will prepare for that conflict, the greatest one in the history of the Republic and with stakes a» important as those involved in the struggle against Negro bondage...
...The Jacksonians determined to destroy this government-kept financial institution...
...After sharp clashes had broken out on the floor of the Council and mIwi Cashmere, Tammany leader, bid illegally claimed the vice-chairmanship, Vladeck arose and ia the name of the Laborite block challenged his claim...
...Meantime it is besoming increasingly evident that the depression is not confined to the United States but is world-wide...
...Our work in this Council will be dedicated to a program which will confer upon the citizens of our city not only the right to vote but also the right to work—not only the right to pay taxes but also the right to live...
...Special to The New Leader WASHINGTON, D. C— With industry still on the toboggan, more workers being throws into idleness aw* ««**, and Big Business ag-fressive against "interference"with *» iHtjUhni...
...Much of the NAM material used to be turned out from offices in the innocuously named Educational Building, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City...
...It is certain that the President will appoint a judge who is not antagonistic to his program, and this will give him a certain majority of five in the Supreme Court...
...which permits conditions that make people insane and then provides asylums for them...
...For the first time in two decades a strong Labor Party faced the old-line politicians in the New York State Assembly and the New York City Council...
...Like the big utilities of our day, the Bank used its funds to supply articles to magazines and newspapers, and sowe servile politicians also received retainers from the institution...
...Defines Real Democracy "Real democracy means not only political democracy, but also social and economic democracy...
...The poster campaign died...
...We know that it has been the policy of both major parties for many years to keep New York City in a straitjacket, the better to exploit it...
...The implication was that these enormous accumulations of capital are the fruits of the labor of millions of workers now dead and millions now living...
...You have the highest of human interests committed to your care...
...Here they are: Professors Harley L. Lots, of Princeton...
...Capital Times measly revealed the angel of the service...
...They were to have been the opening guns in a heavy, long-term campaign...
...Sweeping from coast to coast today is the biggest propaganda campaign in the United States since the war propaganda of 1914-1917, the Guild Reporter, official newspaper of the American Newspaper Guild, revealed this week...
...It is for the masses to give the answer in the coming critical months and years...
...In Albany the Labor Party delegation, led by Nathaniel Minkoff, a member of the Social Democratic Federation, hailed Governor Lehman's message calling for immediate war on the "recession" and for a ban on child labor...
...Just one century ago Jacksonian Democracy faced a similar struggle...
...This means a reduction of the relief appropriation, compared with last year, of a half-billion dollars...
...When millions of Americans tune in on its biggest jren-ture, that right-minded program, "The American Family Robinson," they hear Lake Robinson, editor of the Centreville newspaper, discussing "commonplace matters" with his family...
...Alongside the NAM...
...Presumably they were designed to make the average American happy, contented with his lot, impatient with detractors of our society...
...Thus America's rural press, fa Ha eagerness to print anything that There to a weekly mat and boiler plat...
...It finds its way into 300 newspapers, many of them substantial publications, getting over its message in a couple of quips, one innocuous, the other hammering away at taxes or keeping aJUe the idea that the unemployed mem is really a loafer, etc...
...Important Court Change An unexpected aid in the Presidential struggle with a rebellious Congress and big capital was the resignation of Supreme Court Justice Sutherland, announced on Wednesday...
...News" about ideas for keeping employees contented is furnished both in the form of stories for dailies, weeklies, magazines and trade papers, and as material for plant -papers and propaganda mediums...
...Something like thia is possible today and the working masses have the power to .create their I own political instrument to serve themselves...
...We hope that this Council will fight indomitably for complete and unrestrained home rule for our city...
...Just as the United States Supreme Court has in the past few years been involved in the reaction, so it was involved in the reaction led by the Bank against Jackson...
...ICTORIOUS over tb*aristocracy of two sections, Jackson fired a parting shot at them in a Farewell Address to his "Fellow Citizens" while the aristocrats were glad to see the "dangerous Jacobin" retire to private lite...
...Some plants are said to be rejecting it, however, as being unimaginative obvious propaganda, lacking connection with local problems...
...Possibly NAM'S prise feature offering is that of "Six-Star Service," whose connection with the association is not generally acknowledged to editors...
...The money goes for radio, newspaper and film publicity, most of which is disguised as news, independent editorial matter or entertainment...
...His fight pay Use the form of a number rj"*reajie chats" over 'the radio ¦** thus build a backfire against I" CongKaaional opponents...
...This is also the headquarters for the "Six Star Service...
...FORD, HUDSON DOUBLE CROSS AUTO MAKERS DETROIT.—In a panic induced by the doublecross of Ford and Hudson Motors Company, the giant General Motors Corp., keystone of a financial sit-down strike against the national administration, took steps on Thursday to counteract the loss of business induced by its own political policies...
...Labor and liberal elements, under the leadership of B. Charney Vladeck, also an S.D.F...
...Creation of auto demand is a trade technique based upon the creation of new models...
...At least in resources and avenues of approach, the manufacturers have all the odds...
...1*HE address of Secretary Ickes last week reads almost like a paraphrase of Jackson's utterances...
...Big business interests are now working together to sell that general philosophy which justifies and animates business, and which also constitutes a practical guide to its social, political and economic action, for big business has lost the confidence of the public mere completely than at any previous time...
...The names of its writers are worth .reprinting...
...Foul housing is the inseparable twin of foul politics...
...If newspaper editors somehow dodge these multiple services, there to still another from the NAM to be fired at them, "The Voice of American Industry...
...In fact, his party was being undermined when he was fighting the Bank and the National Republicans became a coalition of anti-Jackson men and other c o user rati Ves...
...The "Godlike" Webster used his mastery of oratory tq plead the cause of the bank...
...One check to toe reactionary Wiwiiala is the fact that they *ar to" face the voters in the primaries this year if they continue t» oppose the President's program *> wsmb and hours legislation, relief for the unemployed, and other Proposals of interest to the masses...
...As the Court could only 7 opine and not enforce, the Bank decision was a dud...
...They will then have to meet the terms of the government in order to do business...
...At the same time Webster was on the secret payroll of Massachusetts capitalists, who gave him a purse of $200,000 annually to represent his "constituents" in Congress...
...service to a Umt 4t UU»p*-lications from Six Star...
...Japan's scrapping of the naval limitation treaty, the sinking of the Panay by Japanese bombers, and Japan's latest demands upon Chins, which would make the latter nation and its economic life an annex of Tokio ruled by Japanese bureaucrats, militarists and servile Chinese apostates, are reasons for the big naval appropriation...
...Despite all of the wit, wealth, power, influence and paid propaganda of the Bank and its politicians, the Bank's application for a renewal of its charter was defeated...
...pab-lishers pay nothing for the service...
...cooperate in the program mm housing and other recovery RAooki the big men of the capi-¦P* world decline to go along they face the possibility of a fight I for Federal incorporation and licensing of interstate corporations...
...Will Press Housing Program Vladeck said he and his colleagues would submit to the Council a ten-year program for new low-cost housing which would build 200,000 new homes without straining the city's credit...
...Privately, Jackson said: "John Marshall has made his decision...
...In the middle and late thirties, Andrew Jackson was President...
...Little Navy men, neutrality and peace groups in Congress will fight the defense program, which will blur the clear lines that have developed over economic issues...
...Several former officers of Hudson were so-called "Baruch Men" —that is, friends of Bernard M. Baruch, Wall Street operator...
...Facing the Bandit Powers It is unfortunate that the President does not go one step farther in his effort to cooperate with the democratic nations to check the fascist-bandit nations by urging cooperation with the fleets of the democratic countries, especially of England and France...
...they are the bone and sinew of the country...
...Within eight years after Jackson passed out of office his party became the agent of the powerful southern planters...
...With Ford demonstrating that new models would bring the auto industry up and above the sales levels of 1937, Hudson put over a fast one with a new car and called 6,000 additional men to work...
...Big Capital Presses Claims in Congress lilftTfOi powerful—primaries only check-big business may face licensing— relief snarled by defense program— depression becoming world-wide...
...Vladeck said it was proper that the American Labor party representatives in the Council state their objectives...
...Date of the gathering will be announced later...
...VNE thing is sure...
...These are being sent as "missionaries" into centers of labor unrest to advise the business community, set up united fronts of businessmen, and create working plans under which newspapers will cooperate...
...Now an "Educational Record Service" is maintained at 476 Fifth Ave...
...Rodie "Family Ufa" Program The prspaaoaaa does not concern itself much with what night be thought of as problems of manufacturing...
...Superseding all orders given by William S. Knudsen, president of General Motors, Alfred P. Sloan, former president and now chairman of the board, called all General Motors dealers together in a council to combat the expected loss of sales...
...This course would render unnecessary the huge appropriation urged for war craft and make possible s relief appropriation as large as that of last year...
...His advice to the workers is almost modern...
...The speaker declared it an "irreconcilable conflict, long growing in our history" which must "be fought through to a finish—until plutocracy or democracy—until America's sixty families or America's 120,000,000 people—win...
...We shall promote the merit system and we shall fight every attempt to retain positions and influences which have plagued this city for many years...
...Somehow they fizzled...
...Deadlock In City Council In New York City the recently established council is deadlocked as the Labor-Fusion delegation are fighting organisation which will give Tammany its last bit of con--trol here...
...The 'President also faced that issue without cbm-promise and shocked the expectant ruling classes in the North and South...
...He said : "The agricultural, the mechanical, and the laboring classes have little or no share in the direction of the great moneyed corporations, and from their habits and the nature of their pursuits they are incapable of forming extensive combinations to att together with united force...
...An examination of factory house organs shows that this material is generally used...
...WAR ON 'RECESSION' REVIVES FIGHT ON GREED Century-Old Struggle of the Thirties Shews Need of Fight to the Finish DISEASED capitalism, in its old age, is again cracking and one of its political organisations, the Democratic Party, has members who are regarded as "disloyal" to its aseient faith...
...Stanford University, sad Deaa 2. E. Le Rossignol, of the University of Nebraska and President Hiatal M. Patterson, of the American Academy of Political and Social Science...
...the propaganda activities of the United State* ^Chamber of Commerce and the Liberty League seem small and pale...
...Protecting the workers in their right to picket and to bargain collectively...
...Privately, he said that he would be glad to hang John C. Calhoun, the leader in the revolt...
...that permits its workers to go unemployed and then provides relief for them—we believe that such a government is not truly democratic...
...The voice is the voice of Lake, but the words ere those of the NAM...
...The inside story of the auto industry's "breakdown" and the laying of of 80,000 workers, written exclusively for The New Letter by Bryce Oliver, appear* on page 3. Vast Propaganda Spread Over Nation national association of manufacturers spends big sums to flood country with attacks on progress in guise of news and entertainment...
...The Association estimates that the circulation reached by this material exceeds 5.0004)00...
...His offense in frankly stating what every informed person knows, that a small mi-aority of the total population by their ownership and control of industry, -power, tonspprtation and banking exercise meas-areless control over the living of millions of workers and farmers...
...the same time the President * expected to insist on balancing ** budget as soon as possible while ?tin same time he is willing to X* matters over with the big shots ¦capitalism to ascertain whether ?** oil...
...In a stinging proclamation the President told the Carolina exploiters of whites and blacks that if they attempted to 'enforce their program, he would send an army to suppress them...
...member, finally succeeded in postponing the election of a vice-chairman, a city clerk and the adoption of a set of rule, tmtfl Michael Quill, president of_ the Transport Workers, returns from his honeymoon in .Ireland...
...We believe that this city and its people must no longer be the prey of professional politicians, of small-time and big-shot racketeers, of unscrupulous wire-pullers and jugglers...
...Through a tie-up with the General Outdoor Advertising Compsny, 1 which provided a cut-rate for billboards, the HAM a year ago initiated a nationwide poster campaign stressing the glory of the American Standard of Living...
...Walter E. Spahr asat Clarence W. Fackler, of Near York University...
...now let him enforce it...
...The NAM meets all expenses...
...To be more exact, it aims at stamping his conception of national affairs and policies on the public mind...
...exorbitant utility rates...
...The oligarchy of dollars does |»t Say this...
...Cartoons and editorials on the "Constitution," "The American standard of living," etc., are the favorites...
...Vladeck Mokes Effective Speech Later declaring that half a million voters had expressed their demand for labor representation *t the last election, Mr...
...Uncle Ab-ner Says," a cartoon feature of the homely-philosopher type, does a "constructive" Job in favor of industry...
...It now seems that instead of yielding to these assaults it will be a fight to the finish as in Jackson's day...
...Ia this country foreign trade rose Iron the low index number of 60 in 1933, with frequent declines, hut on the whole upward to the fall of last year when it reached 100...
...Decision of Hudson to play along with the administration, by creating an auto demand, followed...
...Part of the direct propaganda for employees is furnished in the "Service for Plant Publications...
...A century has passed since Jackson pointed out the difficulties of extensive organization and concert of action by the working masses...
...Though they believed in a democracy, nationally and locally, as the best form of government, Mr...
...If the Liberal-Laborite-Fusion bloc holds together when Quill returns there will be thirteen of such votes the thirteen Tammany-held votes, permitting Newbold Morris, a Fusion-Laborite elected candidate, to cast the deciding vote in favor of Labor nomi-inee B. Charney Vladeck for the post...
...Which shall it be...
...the Administration ffcm a majority of Democrats and t»pnl||aain in Congress opposed to Ne# Deal measures and eager to-rive the big bpys what they ?ant...
...YftAJT -insignificant minority, so far as ?^Ml||bers are concerned, Mr...
...Underneath the unchanging appearance of our public institutions there is happening here, as truly as in Europe.and Asia, a struggle for power, for the control of lives, labor and possessions of whole peoples—a struggle between the many and the few, a struggle between' those who would live and let live and those who want the thrill of the power of ruling others...
...In the "crossing up," Ford went ahead with heavy production while General Motors slumped back as had been planned for the whole market...
...It was active in stirring up editorial opposition to the undistributed profits tax...
...Vladeck explained that as times changed the meaning of words changed accordingly...
...A barrage of leaflets, posters, material for "industrial relations speeches," articles for plant papers, and institutional films is furnished to association members in the "Five Point Employee Information Serv-ice...
...It experiments continually with new programs and devices which sometimes are launched as the result of members' complaints that the publicity is inept and too obvious...
...At least four minutes of each program is devoted to the NAM propaganda...
...Ford crossed up the Wall Street auto groupings as a logical follow-up of independent action...
...I bid you a last and affectionate farewell...
...We have had much experience in economic and political organization and also experience in many labor struggles...
...As Japan built while Europe faced grave problems, it is felt that the United States can now build white Japan is facing difficulties...
...The speaker turned a searchlight upon the gigantic capital structures owned by a handful of men and declared that "every man and woman over four generations has contributed sweat and blood" to their building...
...J"0 the extent that the working class prepares itself to become independent of the major parties will it be prepared foe the "irreconcilable conflict" between the aristocracy of capital and the democracy of Labor...
...Articles, speeches, comic strips, radio programs and canned editorials produced there were usually labeled "Educational Building, New York City," or "Six Star Service...
...We believe that this city, the greatest ia the world, to entitled to self-government in the fullest sense of the word...
...Moreover, the naval program suggests a preparation to come to grips with the bandit nations...
...This is an offering of articles by professors at well-known universities...
...This reaction in favor of kg capital baa steadily increased aace hat August, and how far it •31 r* bo one knows...
...He then gave his attention to the northern capitalists who in two decades had ceased to be owners of small shop enterprises and had become possessors of factories and businesses that were "big" in those days...
...Told that tMe Court had approved the Bank, Jackson answered: "The opinion of the Judges has no more authority over Congress than the opinion of Congress has over the judges, and on that point the President is independent of both...
...humanizing the city budget—these are other problems in the solution of which we wish to cooperate,*' he added...
...The "Voice" takes up technological unemployment, taxes, corporations, labor and kindred subjects...
...Other material is sent out from the NAM offices in the Investment Building in Washington, D. C. Thus, through newspapers, films, radio, factory billboards, house organs, outdoor advertising, speakers, lecturers, churches, civic clubs and whatnot, the NAM spreads the message of the "American way," docile labor, lower taxes, "increased employment through machine and technological improvement," "pioneering industrialists," and the glorious opportunities for advancement in industry which are supposedly open to even the humble hod carrier.' Business men and their pressure organizations constantly complain about radical propaganda- and about so-called anti-business propaganda...
...With the hew housing, he said, that the $160,000,-000 the city spends every year on education might mean something to the children now living in the slums...
...He continued: "Such concert of action may sometimes be produced in a single district or in a small district or county by means of personal communications wfth each other, but they have no active or regular correspondence with those who are engaged in similar pursuits in distanct places .. . Yet these classes of society form the great body of the people of the United States...
...Another analogy with the present struggle is that Jackson appealed direct to the masses for support...
...On the other hand the dissent within the Democratic Party forecasts a repetitio* of another phase of Jacksonian Democracy...
...The Madison (Wis...
...Hudson is now adding to the confusion, and the call of General Motors for a council of salesmen is the first move to counteract the combined effect...
...The "Industrial Press Service," which goes to the commercial publications, features the corporation employee "plans...
...TJp members of the President's Cabinet Us Week male addresses that wer«remark-abl...
...These influences promoted land speculation and * usurers — two primary causes of our slums...
...aaad hstwOaa fear of the press-ve by big capital and the desire to return to Congress, the reaction-*7 Democrats are in what Andy «f the famous radio team of Amos F Andy calls a "picklement...
...Hudson Motors, considered in the auto trade the strongest company, financially, in the business, • is closely associated with the government through a government loan of $6,000,000 made in Hoover's administration...
...Since theft these has been a sharp decline.' ALP Legislators Start Fight for Social Laws vladeck in mew york city council and minkopf in state assembly lead battle against old parties for progressive legislation...
...Thus acted and thus spoke the "dangerous Obligarchy of Dollars Seeks Complete Economic and Political Supremacy Jacobin" in the days when capitalism was in i its baby garments...
...Banking concerns, such as Bankers Trust, National City, City Trust, and Kuhn, Loeb, got out from under the loan, leaving the government to hold the bag...
...Manufacturers Behind Drive This campaign devised by the National Association of Manufacturers, which- is the most powerful propaganda body in the country, will cost half a million dollars before the year is up...
...The NAM is seemingly ready to scrap any portion of its program which fails to produce results...
...Ick*s,even more than Mr...
...Gas W. Dyer, of Vanderbilt University...
...The only men who voted for the budget were those who were elected on a straigrt Labor Party ticket, revealing further the need for cutting away fr<--n endorsing or nominating old-party candidates...
...It was also astonishing, considering that it was delivered by a member of the Cabinet but that it bared many of the ugly aspects of capitalism is evident from the roars of disapproval that have come from the organs of reaction...
...It is a shame that this city, which boasts of the tallest skyscrapers, the most beautiful highways and the most splendid mansions, should contain seventeen square miles of slum tenements which deny to their inhabitants the most rudimentary comforts of civilization...
...The volume of worM trade fell sharply in November and it continued to decline last month...
...The Democratic Party is likely to be further split because of the candor and honesty of such addresses...
...It had become the center of capitalistic reaction in politics...
...Ickes con-Jg&keeks \o extend their mastery of our japKmic 1 ife-fctf ¦naat'ery of'the governing iiiers which nave slipped from their grasp...
...Ht that the Roosevelt Administration has ¦come exclusively the agent of workers $ed farmers...
...the m oft re-rn a ika ble one *<ing that p? Sec-retarjp Ickes, who«t*ckcd the |pPcr {tcfjon of r e i g*i Og capitalists and bankers for their vie** and poticifs...
...strikes continued to break out and there was no diminution in the industrial unrest...
...which permits conditions that make criminals and then provides correction and punishment...
...It only accuses the Administration of baring an ugly class division in society, and this has always been considered an unpardonable sin by the oligarchy...
...Roosevelt to Fight Kooserelt is determined to drive ahead and so declared this to be aa intention in his recent address • Congress* To accomplish this P * expected to convince his sup-••teri throughout the nation that gj opiaohion has its origin in P* ant%onism of the big bankers •ad industrial magnates...
...It is aimed to provide editors of dailies with background material as an aid in the preparation of editorials on business and its relation to the government and the public...
...It is also felt that Japan cannot further strain her finances -to build more ships as she is rapidly approaching the limit of her financial resources...
...Erik Me-Kinley Eriksson, University of Southern California...
...The typical bead of a family auto, greeting his wife at the cottage door, picnicking with his brood, etc There was no suggestion on these beautiful posters that they were put out by the NAM...
...A fly in the ointment, however, is the President's request for a billion dollars each this week for national defense and relief...
...Ford D oo b leer esses I ndss try Sloan's action followed the failure of Ford to conform with a reported agreement to bring out no new models for 1938, thus drying up the market and 'mmmm '!"¦>* w»tog •* cepted selling principles in the automobile business...
...racketeering in food prices...
...First break in the united front against increased sales came from Hudson Motors...
...He added: "Equality of talents, of education, or of wealth cannot be produced by human institutions," but when laws add to these "natural" distinctions by making "the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of society—the farmers, mechanics and laborers—who have neither the time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain of the injustices of their Government...
...Eliot Jones...
...This to a "factual" service...
...The "Family Robinson" Is a 16-minute electrical transcription presented as a sustaining feature once a week on more than 200 stations, and twice a week ea mere than 160 stations...
...Modern Jacksonians are celebrating Andrew Jackson's memory this week...
...Moreover, the decision of the Court in favor of the PWA this week shows that the court is learning to follow the election returns...
...Yet labor, which presumably is the source of this anti-business propaganda, has no such resources as the NAM...
...The current drive, borne along on a torrent of money supplied by the industrialists of the nation, aims at building up the business man in the esteem of the public...
...They and their politicians were allies of the Bank of the United States, which functioned under a Federal charter...
...Although the Laborites interpreted Lehman's demands upon the State Legislature as liberal and progressive, they were convinced that he did not go far enough and are ready to push through their own program to outlaw child labor, to build yardstick plants in the milk and 'power industries, to pass laws permitting municipal operation and ownership of these plants, to dear the slums and raise low cost apartment houses throughout the state, and to dig into the unemployment problem and relieve suffering everywhere...
...It is gorged with billions and has an appetite for complete control and regimentation of the working masses to its wUl...
...Jackson, was denounced in the press for "Spaying class against class...
...Jackson won that battle...
...He said: "We believe that a government which permits conditions which makes the citizen sick and then provides hospitals to cure him...
...It's suspected that Hudson broke the united front against increased business because of political influence...
...IX7HY...
...Labor cannot obtain columns upon columns of free and paid space in newspapers, regular free time on the radio, or access to plant payroll envelopes...
...Ford once again "crossed up" Wall Street by developing two new model?, thus breaking down the united front of the automobile industry, which had been committed to a policy of no new models and a depression of the market for new-cars...
...Today it is grown to foil stature...
...The newest project is the employment of close to 100 qualified propagandists...
...Failure of the Wall Street groupings to follow the technique resulted in the slump, and the doublecrossing of Ford resulted in sending Ford up to first place in the sales...
...It was a daring and courageous speech...
...He opposed the rising business magnates of fife Worth allied with the Bank of the United States and fought the upper planter class in the South which, in South Carolina, threatened revolt under the banner of "nullification...
...In the meantime, in order to save 65 jobs held by Tammany ward-lieelers, the conservative groups in the Council refused to pass the city budget, thus endangering relief projects, payments to hospitals, schools, and other social services...
...Lined up solidly behind their floor leaders, and armed by a practical, program for labor and social legislation, both American Labor Party legislative groups began to make their influence felt almost before the sessions in Albany and in this city got under way...
...Neil Caruthers, meet tor of the Lehigh University School of Business Administration, edits much of the propaganda MAjTrnwas each week a alp-sheet to 5,300 weekly newspapers, most of which formally subscribe to its services and agree la advance to use them...
Vol. 21 • February 1938 • No. 2
