Chamberlain-Public Enemy No. 1
Chamberlain-Public Enemy No. 1 Crude Tory Eorlicy Hits Int'l Liberty By HERBERT MORRISON, MP British. Labor Leader LONDON.— Before Mr, Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister the conduct...
...He was a prominent member of the Inquiry...
...Schuschnigg threatened exposure and a public trial...
...He doesn't believe that the firing squad and a metallic (iron...
...Germany and Italy were coming together...
...DOLFUSS SMASHED "REDS" AND AUSTRIA AT ONCE —117ITH incredible folly Dollfuss, the Austrian Chancellor, instead of uniting all the anti-Nazi forces turned—under Mussolini's influence—to smash Austrian Socialism...
...This column always felt (long before its inception) that Huxley's mordant irony at the expense of both his own Mayfair, and whatever is the Bnflish equivalent of Greenwich Village, was not all there was h> Huxley...
...From the moment that Hitler took power, the most ardent supporters of union—the Socialists—became its staunchest opponents...
...Ministers have assisted in the weakening of the authority of the League of Nations and in the sabotage of the Disarmament Conference...
...An* a couple of revolutions to boot ? It is all very disturbing...
...It just received no hearing...
...Professor Shotwell scored a diplomatic victory over Balfour...
...Italian friendship, escape from isolation, was worth a lot in those days...
...He destroyed "Red Vienna" and his country's power of resistnce at the same time...
...scholarship failed through no fault of its own...
...t I see no reason to modify that judgment...
...A Professor at the Versailles Conference* IN one of his post-war essays, Paul Valery, the French poet ant thinker, speaking of the war's effects on the intellect and ethics of Europe, remarks, "Science and conscience, are you also under suspicion...
...The results are only too wall known...
...The author's special work accomplished at the Peace Conferoon will be of interest to the reader concerned with labor mattsn...
...The Nazi rising collapsed...
...Chamberlain has those cold, calculating capitalist qualities that are far more likely to make a success of Fascism in this country than the emotional tub-thumping of the titular leader of British Fascism...
...Let on try...
...Yes, when have we a right to use violence...
...Science and conscience"—had than voices drowned by the blaring of the chauvinists...
...4. The development of the moral authority of the League of Nations and respect for the Covenant...
...We hereby solemnly promise and affirm that we shall not proclaim every book to come under this column's review—a work of genius, the "long expected American novel,'' etc We shall not net the terms provocative,'' "stimulating," and such like...
...e • GOES IEGGING TO If...
...Reunion by consent became out of the question...
...That was the agreement...
...and it not unreasonably pre-supposes that a time would come when the Fascist Powers for economic reasons would seek a settlement, and that owing to the strength of the rest of the world they would be less likely to seek a settlement by war than if the rest of the world continued to be weak and chaotic in their handling of foreign policy and international financial - and economic questions...
...OUCE AND now Mr...
...Professor Shotwell has written a valuable book on the Vcraailke Conference...
...We realize," he proclaimed, "that we have gone to the limit, beyond which is written 'Thus far and no farther.'" He turned to the organized workers for support, released Socialist .and Communist prisoners, relaxed his dictatorship, promised, and began to perform, some restoration of freedom...
...And since Prat Shotwell in the course of his work, met Clemenceau, Foch, Haaj, Lloyd-George, Col...
...Having seen through hto own class, he has now come to see the silly and dangerous eaeponess of the whole of our society...
...In the d^ys when both Germany and Austria were democracies it was the ardent wish of the majority of both nations...
...There was a majority of Austrians against it, so long as Nazidom should endure...
...It ought to take its place on the Versailles book ahatf next to Harold Nicholson's and John Maynard Keynes's books en the subject...
...But worst of all, perhaps, they have spread a feeling of insecurity among Poland and the smaller powers who could have played a great part in making collective security effective and consequently, a large number of European Powers are wobbling between the League of Nations on the one hand and a deal with Hitler and Mussolini on the other...
...The balk of the Italian troops have first to leave Spain...
...Desire for reunion was not-peculiar to the Nazis...
...But so was Tolstoy...
...5. The development of social and economic co-operation between the nations of the world, making it clear at all times that the advantages of this co-operation were open to all States operating in the collective organization of peace, and 6. Waiting for negotiations with the Fascist States until their peoples and/or their Governments were l'eady fox a full peaceful and just settlement of outstanding issues...
...Four months after the making of the pact, Schuschnigg was declaring that "National Socialism faces us as an enemy," while the German press raged furiously at him...
...They murdered Dollfuss...
...They connived in the first Japanese assault on China and consequently feel helpless in relation to the second...
...The parpose and task Of the committee was to advise the President ad the American peace delegation on the historical, territorial sal economic problems involved in making the world safe for democracy...
...Germany recognized "the full sovereignty" of Austria...
...The philosophers were to advise their philosopher-president...
...in fact, a part of the German Reich...
...But Mussolini massed troops on the Brenner, threatened to march in...
...Then came 1936...
...Now comes "Ends and Means...
...Protest against sending of troops to Spain was expressed in the city recently, through the appearance of a' large poster on the wall of the garrison barracks, with the wording: "WE DO NT WANT TO DIE FOR FRANCO...
...He was too honest and clearsighted for that...
...It would have come about in 1918 if the Allies had not forbidden it...
...DROFESSOR SHOTWELL'S experiences at the Versaille Confer* ence were unusual and interesting...
...That is not a full statement of what should have been done, but it will serve as an indication of what the spirit of foreign policy should be...
...AUSTRIA FELL IN 1934 ¦By W. N. EWER International Correspondent of the London Dally Herald LONDON.—Hitler has achieved his greatest aim...
...This column finds a certain malicious pleasure in the fact that Aldous Huxley's "Ends and Means" keeps on dt»turbing the slumbers of both readers and critics...
...He was met by a storm of rage, by a display of generals, by a demand for changes in his Government and in his policy: with more than a hint that refusal would mean invasion...
...TOLSTOr 1938 STTLE WRITERS, like their books, have their fates or, shall we say, their destinies...
...We reserve for ourselves the right to say that even a "prole, tariaa" novel may be poor stuff...
...a. partial withdrawal of Spanish troops from Spain coupled with the retention of German and Italian technicians and war material, and the recognition of rjhe belligerent rights of General Franco...
...So, what price violence...
...Unless he proves to be much luckier than the signs indicate, unless he turns out to have much more ability than he has manifested so far, Mr...
...Chamberlain is essentially the, capitalist in politics...
...Professor Shotwell's book is a candid and restrained commentary to Paul Valery's question...
...He Believes that whilst it is legitimate for the . Government topay a little attention now, and again in a minor way to the condition of the people and their problems, it is the essential purpose of the Government to confirm the rich in their possessions, to keep the working class in their place and to lead the middle classes up the garden...
...It does, however, involve a strengthening of the power and the authority of the peaceful and democratic States...
...Austria recognized herself to be "a German State...
...He came home, found encouragement in great popular demonstrations...
...dictatorship will make our orphans any happier...
...The book gain* much in vividness and a certain quiet dramatic power from the fact that it is primarily a diary which the author, then already a wellknown historian, kept almost from the day of his appointment to the Committee, first on this side, then during his stay and work with the American Peace Delegation in Paris...
...3. For ministerial pronouncements to be made calculated to make the peoples of the .Fascist countries realize that we were not standing between them and justice, and that the real obstacles to a settlement were their own Governments...
...The "Austrian Legion" was kept in being in Bavaria...
...That certainly was something to remember...
...We shall welcome contribution* to this column and letters fron readers...
...Nazis im Austria Continue Jellimg of Anti-Fascists PARIS.—The Nazi forces in Austria continued to round up antiFascists during the past week...
...The Rome-Berlin axis was being forged...
...Chamberlain stands a good chance of leading the Conservative Party into trouble...
...Seen after his appointment as Prime Minister I risked saying in she House of Commons that he would suit us as a Tory leader much better than Mr...
...One of the things it must be careful about is its choice of language, particularly with a view Cat avoiding the totally false impression that the Labor Party is thirsting for a needless war with one or other of the Fascist States...
...PROTEST AGAINST GOING TO SPAIN ZURICH.—The dissatisfaction of the German soldiers with the political measures of the Hitler government is increasing...
...All through 1937, into 1938 that lasted...
...Browbeaten and helpless, Schuschnigg agreed to terms which gave freedom to the Austrian Nazis to agitate, and control over the Austrian police into the hands of a pro-Nazi Minister, whose first act was to go to Berlin for orders...
...Asa Huxley can write...
...For two years the Austrian Government, now under Schuschnigg, rested uneasily on Italian protection...
...t30 the agreement was made...
...He went expecting to "talk it over quietly...
...At the Paris Conference," by James T. Shotwell...
...The Nazi Party in Austria, aided and financed from Germany, began a campaign of violence...
...The Austrian Nazis continued their plotting with plentiful German aid...
...CO-OPERATE WITH DEMOCRACIES QBVIOUSLY, the wisest course to pursue in foreign policy, having regard to the state of the world, would be:— 1. To encourage co-operation and friendly relationships between the peaceful and demo, cratic states...
...Labor Leader LONDON.— Before Mr, Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister the conduct of British foreign policy was bad enough in aB conscience, but since he became Prime Minister a further deterioration has been marked...
...They then invented the farce of Spanish non-intervention, which which was meant to have the effect of assisting General Franco...
...Nor thai we pretend to be a combination of Jehova, Einstein and Marx, Quite the contrary...
...4.00...
...We shall not forget that, in addition to American literature, there are also English, French, Russian and German writer* at value...
...The committee was organized as early as September, 1917, fcjr Colonel House on President Wilson's express instructions...
...Plato's dream was to come true...
...Unfortunately, the British Government ever since-1935 (and for all this Mr...
...The Nazi headquarters in Vienna was preparing provocative action against the German Embassy: to be followed by an outburst of indignation in Germany: by military demonstrations on the frontier, by a peremptory demand for Schuschnigg's resignation...
...The peace of the world and the security of our country matter much more than any party advantage...
...This is how it is put by the "Sunday Times" of February 7: "It is as well to guard against excessive optimism oner the prospects of the conversations...
...Chamberlain throws one of his ablest Ministers overboard after having weakened his authority as Foreign Minister and goes, cap in hand, to Signor Mussolini, instead of waiting » little and letting Signor Mussolini come to us in a better state of mind...
...Politically the Government crisis will be advantageous to the Labor Parly if the party handles the situation carefully...
...AIDS RIGHTIST GOVERNMENTS TIIS crude capitalist outlook affects Mr...
...Largely isolated, Britain faces the possibility of a war singlehanded, or almost single-handed, with Germany, Italy and Japan —a war that would bring disaster to the British Commonwealth...
...2. To get them into the habit of joint consultation and action...
...Last January the Vienna police unearthed a conspiracy...
...But the union of two democracies was one thing, the bringing of Austria under the heel of the "Third Reich" and under the Nazi terror was another...
...The trade unions here and elsewhere have found the International Labor Office useful and valuable...
...It tells ns that not only diplomacy, but scholarship also failed at the Versailles Conference...
...The professor turned out to be no mean diplomat...
...So he is radical ? But therein come* the rub...
...We shall be tolerant even with dissenters...
...Huxley finds hhnself where Tolstoy stood 50 years ago...
...Most of the poor fools behind him don't know it, but they will before he has done with them...
...In July the Nazis struck...
...It was too late...
...Lawrence, Balfour, Albert Thomas and everybody else—and saw them in action—the book is first class readiaj and gives one much (almost too much) to ponder...
...With all the failings of the League of Nations, the International Labor office affiliated with the League is still carrying on and has done much useful work...
...He has little "or no interest in the wider causes of human freedom and cultural advancement...
...We, would, however, far sooner let any parrV advantage go if we could only get an intelligent, strong and peaceful foreign policy consistently pursued by His Majesty's Government...
...Hitler stormed angrily: but Goering, the generals and the Foreign Office persuaded" him to yield...
...They betrayed Abyssinia to Fascist aggressors and thereby encouraged German and Italian interference in the affairs of Spain...
...For it was Professor Shotwell, supported by George N. Barnes of England and by the tempestuous Samuel Gompers, who was the founder of the International Labor Office and the chief author ef its Charter and Constitution...
...Not for himself alone...
...Hitler began to prepare for reunion by force and intrigue...
...But his sly and well controlled hmmr is a great help to his reader as it must have been to the aotaw at the time of the conference...
...His "Eyeless in Gaza" was the first fulfillment of this coiman'i expectation...
...Books • • . and Writers iy ELMS L, TARTAR Declaration of Independence tl/HEN in the course of humeri events . . . The admudhtraj^ " of this column having come into our hands, we are natural), expected to promulgate a Declaration of Independence or, at least, a new constitution for this column...
...WT is hardly necessary to add that Professor Shotwell is scrase* lously fair in his accounts of the celebrated actors in- the wetil drama (or tragicomedy) of which he was a privileged spectator sen —in...
...Professor Shotwell's account of the fight for the incoi putsUsa of the "Labor Charter" into the Covenant of the League of Nationi is, therefore, an important chapter of his book...
...There was neither friendship nor truce...
...One thinks of these words while reading Prof...
...And the author's share with labor in establishing that institution will foe remembered by Organized Labor and its friends...
...Shotwell'i isstructive, modest, and—at the same time—sad and amusing book of his experiences as a member of an important commission of the American Delegation to the Versailles Conference...
...That another novelist or some other novelists are beery, foamy and long-winded...
...it assumes that economic and financial facilities available to the peaceful and economic States could not reasonably be made available to aggressive States, for that would only strengthen them for war...
...Their coup failed...
...To effect "reunion of the two German States," to bring about "the return of German Austria to the great German Motherland" —these are the first objectives proclaimed in the opening chapter of "Mein Kampf...
...Baldwin did...
...Mussolini insisted, as one of the conditions of the new friendship, on a German agreement with Austria, on a German recognition of Austrian independence...
...It involves no spirit of spiteful aggression in our official relationships with the Fascist Powers...
...They have disgusted America, weakened the faith of France and made the Soviet Union feel that we were not willing to co-operate with that great country for peace...
...That we don't care for beer...
...part—a cast-member...
...That was in February, 1934...
...And the author had to contend witB Balfour's hostility...
...And, like Tolstoy, he yearns f«* a saner and more decent existence...
...Some friends with special axes to grind were more difficult to maneuver than the enemies of the International Labor Office...
...Bat winkdiplomacy failed largely because of its narrow vision, here am of nationalistic greed end the vkidictiveness of the Pichons and Clemenceaus...
...This was a committee of outstanding American scholars, specialists in international and diplomatic history, geography, international law and economics...
...In abort, he thinks that hamanitariaaisra is one thing and crueltarianism, no matter he* leftist in its talk, is the twin brother of Nero, Robespierre SOS Hitler...
...Again like Tolstoy, Huxley does not think that violence is the core...
...Germany still unrearmed did not care to move...
...Eden must take his share of responsibility even though he may have been an unwilling party to much of Government policy) has been pursuing policies in the opposite direction...
...From now on Austria is...
...In foreign affairs it seems to me he seeks to promote the wellbeing of Governments that can be relied upon firmly to protect the capitalist- interests, and to coldshoulder Governments of the Left, whether they be Liberal, Popular Front, Socialist or Communist in character...
...The Macmillan Company, New York...
...Bat it is likely that their withdrawal, if it means that General Franco is to receive belligerent rights at sea, would be advantageous on balance to Nationalist Spam...
...Each promised not to interfere, "directly or indirectly," in the internal affairs and "inner political developments" of the other...
...Chamberlain is proving himself to be an exceedingly dangerous" successor to Mr...
...BROWBEATEN BY HITLER AT BERCHTESGADEN ff"hN February 12th Hitler invited him to Berchtesgaden...
...WOULD CO-OPERATE WITH FASCISTS this point" Labor must be clear, for just as we condemn the Government for being unwilling to co-operate with Russia in the interests of peace, so it would be wrong for a Labor Government to refuse to co-operate with the Fascist Powers in the interests of peace, presuming that they would be willing for such co-operation...
...And the agreement need not last for ever...
...Haven't we won the war...
...And so is "Ends and Means...
...The documentary evidence was damning...
...Baldwindangerous to his country, dangerbos to freedom, dangerous ,to peace and dangerous to the electoral future of his own political party...
...DANGEROUS SUCCESSOR ¦T would appear, however, that * Mr...
...Philosophy was told by Clemenceau and the American Senate to mind its own business, sjpamy * -^a> The reader must not mistake "At the Paris Peace Conference'' for another treatise on what might have been...
...Chamberuiin's foreign policy as well as his policy at home...
...The confirmation of the so-called Italian occupation of Abyssinia, which would, of course, represent a cynical betrayal and mean a tragic lowering of British rasotlge in the United States...
...That Ernest Hemingway cas write...
...General Theodor Koerner and Major Alexander Eifler, chiefs of the Leftist semi-military organizations, and the former Socialist leaders of Vienna, ex-Mayor Karl Seitz and ex-Chancellor Karl Renne, were among those imprisoned...
...vBut it was a paper agreement only...
Vol. 21 • March 1938 • No. 13
