The Workers Abroad (An International Review of the Socialist and Labor Movement of the World
Khinoy, Mark
The Workers Abroad An International Review of the Socialist and Labor Movement of the World By Mark Khinoy Nora: Comrade Khinoy leaves today for a more inti-\ mate study of the conditions and...
...While the spindles rotate, for the purpose of securing a uniform distribution of glass, the entire indexing mechanism of the machine revolves on its vertical axis...
...The Merchant of Venice, Act 1, Sc...
...Even more remarkable has been the development of manufaetui ing bulbs for the lamps of standard sizes...
...Thus in succession the 4H spindles on the rotating machine 'are fed...
...PROGRESS BRINGS CALAMITY TO THOUSANDS Technological...
...In addition to these Labor Day meetings, Norman ' Thomas will speak, over Station WTMJ on Sunday, Sept...
...They all seem to have passed in perfect order...
...Formerly a bulb-making machine requiring one operator and one inspector produced 6,000 bulbs a day, but with the making of more perfect tubing and with a more exact regal and blowisj pcrvises thi It gas and air, i operator sums producing ¦ 26,000 bulbs-a day, the inspection of the output requiring the time of one inspector and half the time of another...
...Austrian Y.P.S.L...
...King Henry IV, Part II, Act I, Sc...
...1 a whose bloed Within, fcdgire cu t in If i Venice, Aet I, Sc...
...The joint appeal was issued on the twentieth anniversary of the World War and called upon the workers to united actJon against fascism and imperialist war, for the overthi iw of fascist dictatorship, for the release of all the victims of the class war, for the defense of the Soviet Ur.'on, for the proletarian dictatorship, and for the unity of ill workers of the world...
...It is also self-evident that we expect a stop to mutual] att'irks even during the short period of preliminary negotiations...
...Similar anti-war and anti-fascist demonstrations and parades were arranged for the same day by the "Coordination Committees" of the two parties in almost every other city of France...
...1 SOCIALISM FIRST Small to greater matters must give WIN —Antbiej ADMINlStl PROPAGA* Throw Hi none olI NRA ADlsj Bid the* keep th«h industbt A needf * I A living ' —ThaW RADICAL Why »W i Sit like i —The>Ml CONSERV) Let the 1 —Theft SOCIAL10 Sweet slj -AaJ DEI'RBS9' Shakespeare leopatra, Act I, Sc...
...Hamlet, Act III, Sc...
...and it is computed that compared with 1920 as a base, or 100, the productivity of labor increased to 438.9 in 1931...
...The ram then withdraws the holders and they deposit their loads of soft glass on four spindles extending upward from the machine...
...The policy, so deliberate and wide-spread in American industry, of replacing man-power by machines has many times been pointed out by this Journal as one of the main causes of unemployment and of the depression...
...Henry IV, Part II, Act III, ' Sc...
...And from our own research files we wish to interject here the following pertinent information, since the government bulletin does not touch upon the question of wages: In the manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus and supplies, a classification which includes lamp-making, the average wage declined slightly from 1919 to 1931...
...Norman Thomas, Racine...
...Socialists and Communists at the order of their parties paid a joint tribute to the great Socialist leader Jean Jaures, who was assassinated by a demented war patriot the day the World War was proclaimed...
...Eleven other units of four spindles each (48 in all) are simultaneously in operation in various stages of forming the bulb...
...next session of the Executive of the Socialist Youth International, which meets August 6, the correspondence, we exchanged with you, for we are resolved to act inhaimony with our International...
...His column will be filled from other sources while he is abroad...
...II rioN leir faces and lean...
...Out, I say...
...1 THE GOLD STANDARD* A goodly apple rotten at the heart...
...For each spindle there is a mold...
...This makes the grand total since February of 9 Socialists hanged, 6 condemned to life pri-on terms and 1.107 to a total of 1,289 years, British Labor Party's New Platform A NEW general election is expected in Great Britain *¦ in not more than eighteen months, and the Labor Patty, in anticipation, has issued an election program to come up for discussion and adoption at the October congress of the party...
...For there alsj the whole international policy is being orientated toward the League of Nations and its organs, toward the crtstion of an Eastern Locarno in addition to the Western Loarno engineered by France, toward the status quo of th« arbitrary state borders created 'by the Versailles Treaty and the distinction between a war of defense, and a vnr of aggression...
...The four spindles, having thus completed the circuit of the revolving mechanism, are then ready to take their turn once more at the furnace mouth...
...The proposal was rejected by the National Joint Council...
...TTiis consists of a series of inter-related machine processes that begin with the making of the glass from sand and continue till the completed bull), or glass part of the lamp, is ready for assembly with other parts of the lamp, and these processes are carried on almost entirely automatically...
...The ram, to which are attached four holders, i-< automatically extended into the molten glass inside the furnace and each of the four holders, by suction, lifts out an exact quantity of molten glass, the quantity being determined by' keeping the level of glass in the furnace constant within one thirty-second of an inch...
...With the development and perfecting of tubing, gaging and weighing, and gas regulation, it is now possible for one operator to supervise six machines producing 66,000 bulbs per day, two inspectors taking care of the output...
...The schedule so far arranged is as follows: James Oneal at Madison...
...as it happened that there was no market for five times as many lamps but for less than twice sb many it resulted in a reduction of man-hours of labor of 08.3 cent...
...The official statement, as issued on July 24, says the National Joint Council is "of the opinion that there are no new circumstances j which would justify the trade union, political, parliamentary and cooperative movements departing from the policy on this question which has already been submitted to and approved by their respective national congress and conferences...
...King Henry IV, Part 1, Act IV, Sc...
...1 NEW LEALER Who lived himself with hope, Eating the air on promise of supply...
...We decided also to submit to the...
...Act II, Sc...
...critics, "utopinn" position of the British Labor Party does not differ much from the new course of the "radical" an 1 "Leninist-Marxian" policy of the U.S.S.R...
...2 FAKE RECOVERIES These things are beyond all use and I do fear them...
...In 1931, 503,350,000 lamps were produced...
...At a certain position the two halves of the mold close about the glaBs...
...In 1931, 11,448,000 man hours were required to produce 503,350,000 lamps...
...The Tempest, Act II, Sc...
...We are sure that if both sides will show an' ho::est determination to serve the interests of the entire J working class, there will be established a united fighting fr< at of the class-cotiscious young workers...
...It's pretty plain, then, that the 68.3 drop in employment in this industry resulted in an equal or slightly greater drop in the purchasing power of this group of workers...
...The new program enlarges the •/lumber of industries that it is hoped to socialize and stresses the necessity of increasing the "tempo" of action wh le, however, fighting shy of the League's enthusiasm for emergency powers...
...Act III, Sc...
...A typical furnace holds about 200 tons of molten glass and is large enough to contain a large reserve of glass beyond the amount needed for a single day's production of bulbs...
...In 1920, 36,145,000 man hours of labor were required to produce 362,140,000 lamps...
...A more recent development than the Ohio machine described is the Corning bulb machine, also described in the bulletin, of which it is said, "This truly marvelous mechanism ran produce as many as 440 bulbs per minute, and since the machine runs continuously day and niglil when production from the tank is begun, the daily capacity is far beyond the half - million mark.'' It is thus computed that while in 191G-1919 in Plant A, for example, the output of bulbs per unit hours of man-power was 1IK.2, in I931-H2 with the 48-spindle Ohio machine described the output was 6,242.2 per unit hour...
...Members to Speak Labor Day CHICAGO.-The National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party will meet in a three-day session in Milwaukee, on Sept 1, 2 and .'I...
...Here is a brief computation of some of the important facts about the electric lamp manufacturing industry us shown by the surveyIn 1920 approximately 362,140,000 electric lamps were produced in the United States...
...The jaws of the mold then open, releasing the bulb, and the spindle moves outward and drops the bulb onto an asbestos conveyor...
...In reading it, one gets the impression that th*> numerically small Socialist League of Sir Stafford Cr.pps and his intellectual friends of the former I.L.P...
...Jean Longuet, grandson of Karl Marx and leading Socialist deputy, - poke in the name of our party, and Jacques Ducos in the name of the Communist Party...
...How the process of transforming skilled hand labor into labor as a subordinate part of machines was carried on \s traced and described by the survey...
...The indexing mechanism of the machine then moves clockwise into position for allowing the next four spindles to be supplied by the ram holders...
...1 tt« Shrew, N of adversity...
...In 1919 the average yearly wage was $1,121.47 and this climbed in 1927 to $1,391.56, but in 1931 had fallen to $1,106.75...
...A typical bulb-making unit fed by the melting furnace consists of: (I I ,i bulb making machine...
...Between 1020 and 10*11 the list prices of electric lamps of standard sizes were reduced by about half, which means that the manufacturing corporations were receiving almost as much money return :>n their larger production in lil.'tl us in 1920 while their wage bill was reduced, apparently, between liO and 70 per cent...
...As You Like It, Act III, Sc...
...On the international field the draft is notable for its reliance on the League of Nations and its organs, and on- arbitration and the pacific settlement of disputes...
...leaders are exercising a greater influence on the more m ).ierate, practical leaders of the Labor Party than their ntimbers would imply...
...Changes in Electric I Industry Repeat the Dreary Roll of -Only About One Fourth as Mas in 1920 Displacement of Men by Maj Many Empti UOW "scientific management" coupled with constantly improved automatic machinery has cut down employment possibilities in the electric lamp industry till less than one quarter as many workers were required in 1931 to produce that year's output of lamps as would have been necessary if production methods of 1920 had been used, is shown in an important survey just published by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, according to a remarkable article in the Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators...
...Proletarian Unity in Austria A CCORDING to the Arbeiter-Zeitung, official weekly "* of the Austrian Social Democracy (July 29), the last weeks of last month saw a series of negotiations between the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Socialists, the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Joint Action Committee of the Schutzbund, looking toward the creation of a united proletarian front lor the struggle against fascism...
...Answers Moscow AS recorded in two previous issues of my column, the underground national center ot the Socialist Youth in Austria addressed an appeal to the Moscow center of th" Communist Youth International for real and honest proletarian unity...
...Macbeth, Act V, Sc...
...2 PROFITS Out, damned spot...
...No "United Front" in Great Britain WOT unlike their comrades in *' other countries, the British Communists addressed to the Labor Party an offer of a "united front...
...On Labor Day members iif the committee will be assigned to mass meetings in a number of Wisconsin cities...
...2 the dogs: I'll Act V. Sc...
...In other words, production methods had been so designed to eliminate human workers that the industry as a whole would be able to produce nearly five times as many lamps in 1931 as it did in 1920 with its 1*20 working force...
...A final blow of air is then turned on and retained till the mold is ready to open and discharge the formed bulb from the machine...
...The force of gravity is used extensively, as, for instance, in the unloading of sand from the tank cars...
...4 Bl SIN ESS True it is that we have seen better days...
...It is necessary for an attendant to watch the process of elongation in order to regulate the amount of cooling sir...
...The council consists of the Labor Party Executive, the Trade Union Congress and the Parliamentary Labor Party...
...Asa result of these negotiations and its first manifestation there was published a joint appeal of the Austrian Socialist* and Communists—the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Socialists signing for the underground movement of the Social Democratic Party...
...2 ORGANIZERS Stand not upon the order of your going, But go at once...
...Moscow's telegraphic answer was subsequently also reprinted in this column...
...N.E.C...
...Hamlet, Act II, Sc...
...4 Id, sharp loot I L Errors, Act V, Sc...
...Another bulb-blowing machine tms designed to produce 5,000 per day with one operator and one inspector...
...James D. Graham, Red Granite...
...The leading members of the Socialist and Communist parties marched at the head of the enormous parade, and with them went all the other left and extreme left groups and organizations of the Paris workers...
...Ai-o Tor its frank limitation by the League and its organs on so-called national sovereignty...
...7 A SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT Here is everything advantageous to life...
...The process is almost entirely automatic, but one part of the operation is supervised...
...2 PUBLIC PRESS Tis too much prov'd—that with devotion's visage and pious action, we do sugar o'er the devil himself...
...Tho last, naturally, implies the obligation of preparedness for the defense of "my country...
...1 CAPITALISM This sickness doth infect The very life blood of our inter prise...
...and the findings of this survey do but furnish more conclusive proof...
...and with the more highly developed machine reached the astonishing total of 20,702.0 with the same expenditure of labor time...
...The sale and use of electric lamps and consequently the production of them, increased greatly between 1920 and 1931 while the total number of man hours required in the industry as a whole was reduced by more than two-thirds...
...a hot belt conveyor...
...Although published in the form of a summary, it is qu'te a long document—25 pages...
...8) u cooling conveyor...
...Maynard Krueger, Dane and Dodge Counties...
...Even in 1920 the process was well advanced and has been carried on relentlessly ever since...
...A cavity in the solid ball of glass js started by a plunger, and as the spindles rotate and change their position puffs of air are blown into cavity through cam-operated valves...
...Macbeth, Act III, Sc...
...As you like it, Act II, Sc...
...Franz Daniel, Kenosha...
...The principal ingredient, sand, is produced from sandstone rock...
...Following a set of four spindles around the machine from the furnace mouth one finds that at predetermined times they automatically change their position from upright or vertical to an outward or horizontal and finally to a downward position between the vertical and the horizontal...
...The Christian fascist "justice" of Austria during the shirt period of July 12-July 23 condemned 95 Socialists t» 101 years of prison...
...The manifestation was organized by the Anti-Fisciat Coordination Committee of the two parties and was concentrated around the Pantheon temple, where the great, the "immortals" of France are interned...
...1 nut my stomach...
...Many improvements huve been made in the melting furnaces...
...Since the various steps in production are so closely connected, the perfecting of one machine has frequently led to a higher efficiency in another part of the plant...
...The Workers Abroad An International Review of the Socialist and Labor Movement of the World By Mark Khinoy Nora: Comrade Khinoy leaves today for a more inti-mate study of the conditions and tendencies in the labor movements rn England, France, Belgium and other countries in Central and Eastern Europe and will return in about six or seven weeks...
...a tiactor conveyor for feeding bulbs from the hot-belt conveyor into (4) a round segmented feeder plate which feeds the bulbs into (6) a burn-off machine...
...In terms of man-power (and wages) each lamp was produced at a cost of only 22.8 in 1931 as compared with 100, index base of 1920...
...We have already initiated preliminary negotiations with your Austrian section...
...The various processes of storing, assembling, weighing, and mixing the ingredients and of transferring the 'batch' from the mixing hoiiHe to the furnace have been developed in such a manner as to eliminate most of the manual labor...
...A synopsis of the program is pi nted on page 8 of this issue...
...But in this the "moderate" and, according to the I.L.P...
...It is called "For Socialism and Peace: The Labor Party's Program of Action" and differs from earlier statements in its greater Socialist emphasis...
...For example: "This may be illustrated by the effects' of the automatic weighing and gaging of glass tubing in speeding up the making of miniature bulbs from tubing...
...As the molten glass hangs on the spindle its weight elongates it, and its length before the mold closes about it is regulated by jets of air...
...There has been a gradual increase of the speed of the machines due to the exact size of the tubing, and there has also been a reduction of the loss in process, so-called—that is, a reduction of the percentage of imperfect bulbs—and this of course increases the output of bulbs per man-hour or reciprocally reduces the amount of time required per bulb...
...Our young comrades of Austria seized the opportunity to make the following reply: '"We are happy to read your telegram of July 6. For it sec-ivied to offer us a chance to realize unity of action on the basis of a non-aggression agreement...
...Julius Caesar, Act II, Sc...
...Between 1907 and 1931, 86 important technological changes had been introduced, each one for the purpose of cutting down the labor time required per unit of output...
...2, for fifteen minutes...
...Mayor Daniel W. Moan, Milwaukee...
...We are sure our readers join us in extending to him wishes for a fruitful wotion.— Editor...
...And other parts of the manufacture and assembly of lamps have been similarly converted into automatic machine processes...
...2 MARXIAN METHOD There is a history in all men's liveav- ----Figuring the nature of the times deceas'd, To which observ'd a man may prophecy, With a near aim, of the main chance of things...
...In the typical unit illustrated a •IN spindle bulb-making machine of the Ohio type has a ram operated by compressed air...
...and (9) inspecting and loading tables...
...Technological Changes and Employment in the Electric-Lamp Industry," by Witt Bowden, is to the student of labor economics a horrifying evidence of the progressive displacement of human labor and employment through the use of machinery, piece work, and other mass production methods...
...Darlington Hoopes, probably at a miners' Labor Day meeting in Pennsylvania...
...A Socialist Shakespears SOCIALIST ANALYSIS Find out the cause of this effect, Or rather the cause of this defect, For this effect, defective comes by cause...
...Socialists and Communists Unite Before Jaures' Tomb j/\N Sunday, July 29, Paris saw a new manifestation of the I proletarian unity in the making...
...In the handling of the raw materials mechanical methods have been developed resembling those used in the manufacture of tubing and cane...
...6) a conveyor for transferring the bulbs to (7) an annealing leer...
...The sand is transported in tank ears and is handled in a manner similar to the method of handling liquids...
...Leo Krzycki, Sheboygan...
...A rectangular furnace containing 200 tons of molten glass feeds four bulb-making units, which may be operated independently...
Vol. 17 • August 1934 • No. 33
