Five Year Plan and Dictatorship Held in Logical Accord With Needs and Background of Russian People
Briggs, Richard M.
A Socialist Defence of the Soviet Union Five Year Plan and Dictatorship Held in Logical Accord With Needs and Background of Russian People . By Richard M. Briggs i BECAUSE of the sensation-...
...As well claim that the countless thousands of sermons, written and spoken on civic righteousness have influenced the conditions of political life as much as one election district controlled by an old party machine...
...Just why a writer should be expected to have higher ideals than an editor, teacher, lawyer or physician, is not clear...
...if a de- ! partment exceeds its quota the ( budget is raised...
...As for political prisoners, any information concerning them must be carefully examined and its source considered...
...If we can win -over our constitutional governments peacefully, then democracy can be preserved and extended to industry...
...grow in power...
...If violence comes, all constitutional and representative systems break down, and emergency workers, committees, or Soviets in Russia, take charge...
...Our hearty thanks go to all who are helping to expand the circulation of The New Leader...
...Meyer Haluahka of Chicago...
...they have secure jobs instead...
...This they repeatedly refused to do...
...There is still room for many more enlistments and remember that the Oneal book is still available as a premium for each new yearly subscription...
...They consider themselves to be in a race against the time when the capitalist world shall decide to obliterate them Are they right...
...Far from being democrats, Kerensky assumed more power and offices to himself than any subsequent dictator until Mussolini...
...In what follows I shall try to justify these views...
...CkjH ism may well shake befoul thought In the event of another J war (and there is little prcsfBfiS present of preventing K) | f l will doubtless remain neabsjfl attacked, but Russian propssm will be very likely to dedal issue...
...The painter, poet sculptor and dramatist glorified those upon whose bounty they lived and along with this glorification, there often was evidence of undisguised contempt for the very class from whom the retainers sprung...
...Walter Duranty in the 1 York Times, Louis Fisher fel Nation, and the Christian SOB Monitor, Federated presjfl patches in Labors news aasm where...
...One would ( think the whole Socialist revolution depends on the "success" or , "failure" of this innocent budget...
...Literature was not a social force and until very recent times novels were romantic and sentimental...
...We need not search far for evidence that the SovietfUnion is in danger of attack from outside...
...He knows t b a tS a little now he wis a s ] more later...
...In any social revolution if force is necessary to take power then force is obviously necessary to hold power...
...Then there is t*sfl nomic Review of the Soviets published by Amtorg, sa ssfl bi-weekly on economics, sdfj Soviet Union Review, tot^M and cultural news, pufcs^H the Soviet Union Inforautial reau at Washington...
...Fritz Wittels, Both of these distinguished lecturers will be heard in The Auditorium, 150 W. 85th Street The former will speak on "How To Be Happy Though Human", Tuesday evening, Mar...
...We who Mike democracy need not delude •urselves on that score...
...otherwise...
...if a department is falling behind measures axe taken to speed it up...
...New subscriptions and renewals continue to come in, although they are often accompanied with letters citing the bleak conditions facing the masses...
...The reader is assured that the problems of the struggling mass, their struggles to make a living, will not be even touched upon...
...3rd, a t 8:30 o'clcclf Dr...
...Compared to anything he ever had before, the Russian peasant or worker is as free as a butterfly...
...In the clash of interests there are times when a section of it feels that it is not receiving its just share of the swag and a squawk is emitted...
...Another article stated that many of the "highly insured" German miners were going to Russia to find jobs...
...and the technical efficler y of their industrial equipment As to the accomplishments of the plan so far, at the present rate the total industrial output of the Soviet Union increases 25 to SO per cent a year, or doubles in less than three years...
...Frederick Reus tie of New York is a new reader who passes his copy each week to friends whose interest promises new subscribers...
...they do n o t Both views are again the result of our various historical backgrounds and present environments...
...It is enough to know that the incomes received by the characters is sufficient to pay the large staff of servants, maintain two or three establishments, send the children to prep and finishing schools, etc...
...In any discussion of conditions in Russia obviously the things to be compared are Russia before the revolution and Russia now...
...with them were many capitalist class elements and petty aristocracy...
...This naturally caused the Bolsheviks to make the second mistake of losing all confidence in, the Second International and organizing the Third...
...He says in effect: "Readers, gentle, mtmirty...
...And it will continue to develop along lines prescribed by Russian conditions and the behavior of the world toward Russia, not according to the wishes of any group...
...If we can* believe Marx, the course and nature of the Socialist revolution in any country are directly dependent on the historical background of that country, and the political institutions at any time are decided by the nature of the economic conditions and of the methods of production...
...That is the real Russian question...
...Some of the writers in the latter class ^ire making their efforts pay, as to some extent the times are reflected in their writings...
...This brings us to our second question: have conditions now reached the stage where force can be .avoided...
...Hr tsl who like pictures there Ml U. 8. S. R. in CoaattmUm monthly of tabloid size eathSH voted to photos of Soviet M l obtainable through AatfBsnJ| good books are too numeresrM into...
...The backward older generation is passing...
...The United States in a good year increases 4 per cent (This year we^ decreased 25 per cent) Soviet" production is now about 10 per cent of ours, so at the present rate we may expect their production to exceed ours in about ten years...
...Meantime James Oneal's "Workers in American History" is going fast and the supply is getting low...
...TWs Is the formula for the thousand or more novels that the presses grind out each year...
...Ida later deleted her history of Standard Oil and also eulogised Twelve-Hour Gary...
...The Russian peasant does not suffer from lack of political democracy, he does not even know what it is...
...The rewards, except to an insignificant proportion, are trifling...
...Their first act was to decide to continue the war which had overthrown the Czar before them They thus alienated the army and the masses, who wanted nothing but peace...
...out-prussianizing all others in the same profession and Charles went in for writing biographies of those who had "arrived" in the musical world...
...Here are the characters...
...M A. H. of New York thinks our news section could be improved but that our editorials and Norman Thomas' column are a real joy...
...the Socialist axioms *M saw it in the paper it's -mm still holds for Russian news, flsi there are Important except] e.g...
...In agriculture they ere likely to exceed our output much sooner than in ten years...
...Certainly no true Socialist in Russia will help capitalism by active opposition to the Soviet State, and it is not likely that the Soviet government is arresting many people for causes other than such active opposition...
...Our questions concerning the U. S. S. R. then are two: first, were the Bolsheviks justified in seizing power in Russia in 1917...
...The Five Year Plan is merely a , p u l l unit of the Soviet Gosplan, t or Industrial Planning Board...
...Second, have they now reached the stage where they can re'inquish the dictatorship as their critics demand, and take things easy...
...Naturally the writers who took notice of Sinclair's indictment, panned him...
...Comrade Low's statement that "the standard of living for the majority of the workers is lower than under the Czar" simply is not true...
...The writer who is able to sell bis work serves a longer and more heart breaking apprenticeship than in the other professions...
...Wittels will be heard Sunday, Mar...
...We await Wsal si on ate eagerness the e SH of the article to see wbjnB to do with the Russian MB When we look towss#^H world events, there Is as mm more Important than thsaH between Socialists and the | 9 Union...
...The discussion of the dictatorship is already covered...
...They are the only people who have experiences worthy of being recorded...
...In every age literature must necessarily reflect the interests of the dominant economic class...
...Marx certainly was expecting violence to be used in most of Europe . On the other hand he indicated the possibility of peaceful change in England, Holland and America If violence is necessary we will have dictatorship, terror, Soviet system and all that goes with i t for as long as necessary to put Socialism solidly in power...
...From Woodbridge, N. J., a subscriber declares that "The New Leader is my guiding light in this world of capitalist darkness and depression...
...They were an isolated group in S t Petersburg, a minority, hopelessly contaminated with capitalist and aristocracy elements, and moreover hailed by the capitalist and militarist governments of the world...
...The peasant army came flocking home crying for peace and bread...
...The editor of The New Leader has asked for articles on the Five Tear Plan...
...Just as gunpowder had destroyed the monopoly of the feudal lords in the field of physical force, so the printing press in the hands of the traders weakened the old order in the realms...
...My own answers are yen to the first and no to the second question...
...Unless the writer is something of a genius he cannot be a social rebel...
...Likewise the political institutions prevalent in industrial countries are impossible in undeveloped countries...
...Conseqnssfifl of tremendous signfficanet Tsfl the present stupid misraossfl ing grows or diminishes, fS it grow,to the proporuessm real conflict we may be .sfl that Man is hopelessly a fsO fool and can't be change...
...That is another reason why the Bolsheviks are rushing industrial development The Russian Revolution took the course it did because of Russian' history, not because of the actions or opinions of any group of men...
...Violent re/olutions are only possible after military defeat and disruption of the force of the state...
...It's not affairs of the work-a-day world you want but affairs of the mind and emotions that occur in a world inhabited by those who have assured incomes...
...Leaving aside the fact that for many centuries the church was almost the sole patron of the arts, it was to the rulers that the artist had to look for support In painting and sculpture the -subjects were kings, nobles, their wives, mistresses and military figures...
...The Pattern of Modern Novels The Place of Labor in the Literature of the Day By Ben Blumenberg THE Communist M a n i f e s to speaks of the scholar and the man of science as the vassals of the modern capitalist class...
...Strange, if, as Comrade Low says, Russian production costs three times as much as "elsewhere" that Russia can undersell the "elsewhere" made goods by 30 per cent and still maintain a favorable balance of trade...
...Where the Depression Ends CAPITALISM may be depressed but not the Socialist movement From all over the country letters come to The New Leader revealing opportunities to reach the masses with Socialist education...
...Is the danger of counter-revolution and intervention past...
...Nor is there any reason to believe they cannot maintain the present tempo...
...The minority faction under Kerensky took power and set up a provisional government...
...They will then have accomplished in twenty years what the most progressive capitalist country has done in one hundredfifty...
...The only reason , for the popularization of the five ( Tear unit is to give the workers a 4 definite, visible goal, something to , aim a t ] As for failure, by Its very na- , tor* the Gosplan is not the kind j of t**"g that can "fan," it is mere- < ly a budget...
...For plot there's the time tested triangle...
...Is rather an exposition of what the writer does not like about Russia (which seems to include about everything...
...W. Be ran Wolfe and Dr...
...Its fruits may be seen today in the essays of tired, discouraged liberals and in the novels of the socalled sophisticates...
...The tempo is limited c "v bv the endurance' of the peojpe Iheir ability to learn new r-;.v-cl3...
...Stalin holds his office by strength, not by terror...
...The immediate reaction of the capitalist press of the world shows which revolution was Socialist Of all the Socialist parties in the second International, the Russian Bolsheviks and the American Socialists were almost alone in unqualifiedly opposing the war...
...this array there is no escsetfl Socialist being iiiilirfinietsM Russia...
...Czarism collapsed in the winter of 1916-17, due to military defeat, which was largely brought about by the refusal of the army to carry on without food or equipment...
...How many others pass The New Leader to friends...
...Thus getting the army and the masses solidly behind them they rapidly grew in strength until in November they took power with hardly a struggle...
...It is not for nothing that France finances the huge armies of Poland and Roumania, or that the ridiculous string of petty "republics," Latvia, Bsthonla and Lithuania were set up along the Baltic by the Versailles outrage...
...An interesting indication was the proposal of Rykov and other right wing leaders at the last party convention cal parties in western countries...
...the rough figures are ] even "now to preparation far enough ahead to make the Soviet , Union the most powerful industrial ( nation on earth...
...Apparently they have learned that the best propaganda for Socialism is to make the Russian workers better off than the workers of capitalist countries...
...The answer is no less the answer to the question of whether the dictatorship is still necessary...
...Why expect writers and publishers to be "soldiers of the common good" in a society that glorifies the grabber for individual gain...
...When Russia has developed industrialism it can have Socialism and political democracy, not before...
...The publisher is a merchandiser and his standards do not differ from those of other business men...
...There were few to question the masters, their rights and institutions...
...Like Lenin, he has twice offered to resign, and the party has refused to accept bis resignation...
...If he questions it a t all, it must be done with care and, subtlety...
...Letters from "Socialists" smuggled out of Soviet prisons are curiously silent on the question of what the prisoners are charged with...
...The only thing that can fail is the tempo of the wccla plan, and this is not serious...
...14 issue barely touches the Plan...
...A Socialist Defence of the Soviet Union Five Year Plan and Dictatorship Held in Logical Accord With Needs and Background of Russian People . By Richard M. Briggs i BECAUSE of the sensation- . seeking nature of the capitallet press, what is called the Five- , Tear Plan has been vastly over- | emphasized in importance, and unfortunately many Socialists tend to ( Imitate this attitude...
...Use the coupon below...
...As this seems to suit the editor's purpose I shall also take the liberty to broaden the scope of this article...
...Chaos, starvation and more military defeat resulted...
...Literary windmill tilting resulted only in disillusion...
...This will make a great difference In their rate of progress...
...Russia's critics seem to think so, for they demand immediate establishment of political democracy such as took the western world centuries to obtain...
...Out hi Chicago Ed Lowen thai has paid for trial subs to the number of a hundred and has sent in his fifth list of ten names with more to come...
...The writer under the new order had limitations, as he had under the old, though his field was a wider one...
...At the same time the Soviets or emergency workers' committees appeared in the factories and villages as they had in 1905...
...the Menaceviks or minority, and the Bolsheviks or majority, representing about 40 per cent and 60 per cent of the party, respectively...
...Learning and the arts were In the keeping of the few...
...Our break with the Bolsheviks is on the necessity or inevitability of violence...
...The Bolsheviks reason that they are in a state of revolution, in constant danger of attack by the capitalist world, and consequently the Soviet Union must be made industrially independent and selfsufficient as rapidly as possible...
...Even the most rabid capitalists do not make that claim Authoritative figures show real wages to average 45 per cent higher than 1913, the average work day more than two hours shorter, four day work- week, rents for workers much lower and floor space per resident greater, two to four weeks' vacation with pay, six hour day in dangerous and i unheal thful work, free medical attention, free schools, abundance of cheap books and papers, cheap amusements,- free parks, etc., all non-existant under the Czar...
...The events of the counter-revolution and intervention following the Bolshevik assumption of power made force the only possible method of establishing a government The last of the hostile forces were not driven out of Russia until well into' 1921...
...Alfred Baker Lewis up in Boston again arrives with two yearlies and twelve three months trial subs...
...gets across with a two years*- sub and expresses approval of "so splendid a paper...
...The seizure of power by the Bolsheviks was therefore the natural consequence of the incapacity of the Mensheviks and the demands of the people...
...9 the present there is hope* ajjS among the younger gesssS that we may grow to usdssfl each other and cooperate t»jl a Socialist World...
...The exceptions are few...
...He takes the status quo for granted...
...The j j s s i has been in operation since ( 1923, with ever-increasing scope , and success...
...Other messages might be quoted but space will not permit...
...It is curious that about the only people who are not horrified at the terrible condition of the Russian workers are the Russian workers...
...tio, whatever we may desire we must admit that there is some reason for the fears of the Bolsheviks...
...If workers appear in the novel, they will play the part of menials, with amusing accents and perform like robots with Salvation Army virtues...
...Sherwood Eddy's CMfl of Russia is a recent IpO The S. U. Review prints book notices each monlh...
...Actually the tempo of the present t e - 3 a r unit has been revised upw r d twice...
...As to the dictatorship itself, prodigious quantities of misinformation abound concerning its real nature...
...The Bolsheviks show that dictatorship by • e •aching cjnss In a necessary and inevitable accompaniment of revolution...
...The Soviets demanded that the government call a national congress of Soviets...
...Creel became boss censor during the war...
...As Lenin outlined it, dictatorship of the proletariat simply means that while a state of revolution exists, all power must be in the hands of the working .class, just as all power is in the hangs of the capitalist under capitalism...
...if a fight Pis the only way the workers have to free themselves then there will be an end to democracy until the over and the workers are * nnshakably in power...
...1st, a t 4:30 P.M., on the subject of "Goethe and Freud...
...However, neither the employed nor the employer is aware of this relation...
...It is then that we flH will be forced to choose Bolshevist methods and Ckjflfl dictatorship, or Fascism, bsm better to choose now white wfl to cooperate with the Soviet *9 and enforce World Peace ?J| In conclusion, there is i s i lack among Socialists of ssfl formation about Russia, *BJ now inexcusable: there aflflj reliable sources of inflnfl these days...
...The villagers, th herd, had no opportunity or need of acquiring i t With the invention of printing by movable type and especially with the rise of a new economic class, the traders, a need developed for wider diffusion of knowledge...
...it is idiotic to try to judge Russia by any other country...
...Another subscriber in New Jersey fines himself 25 cents for...
...Since 1921 when the counterrevolution and intervention were finally defeated there have been many events, any one of which would be considered ample cause for war by capitalist governments...
...So many have gone out during the past few weeks that we cannot mention them but excerpts from a few letters will be of interest to our friends...
...Two other workers for our paper are doing a fine job with trial subs...
...We shall retarn later and correct some of the worst injustices of Comrade Low's article...
...Dictatorship in Russia was the natural, inevitable outgrowth of the historical background and of the events of the revolution and counter-revolution...
...Meanwhile the Bolsheviks offered to the army "bread, peace and land.'* and to the workers and peasants "all power to the Soviets...
...The question is not whether the plan will fail, but whether such frenzied haste and its accompanying waste and hardship is necessary...
...However, the article of Comrade Be la Low in the Feb...
...We will not concern ourselves with sociology and economics...
...to cooperate with Socialist politiThe proposal was, of course, defeated and Rykov was forced to confess his "heresy," but Stalin has a quaint way of using the very ideas he opposes most strongly, a few years latex...
...the Czar abdicated...
...The dictatorship is strongest within the Communist .Party Itself...
...We have some hope in peaceful revolutionary change...
...X few remarks about Comrade Low's article are in order here...
...They were partly .or wholly honest in this as few of them understand or give thought to the social and economic influences shaping their work...
...Such was the muckraking period when Ida TarbelJ was exhibiting th tentacles of the Standard Oil Company, George Creel was calling on high heaven to witness the militarization of the schools and Charles Edward Russell was mobilizing the good citizenry against the malefactors of great wealth, while Lincoln Steffens was jabbing his pen into the "shame" of the d i e s and colleges...
...Even today the novels of Scott, Lytton, Torllope, Thackeray and Dickens are interesting not so much because they hazily mirror certain periods, but because of our interest in the old fashioned people who read them or of the wealthy who collect the first editions of these novelists...
...In one California town Oneal's book is being studied by a group of Quakers who are planning a practical line of work when it is finished...
...Russian industry is Just now beginning to get the millions of youth who have been brought up under the revolution...
...In the middle ages and after, the retainers in the arts had no illusions as to the source of their bread and butter...
...oriental, bred on violence and oppression...
...Ten a r e net going to be burdened with accounts of how they make their living, Jaoaey, i the sordid grubbing for i t will not figure in this story...
...A brief suanara these follows: newspapers, tarn era...
...The Bolsheviks are not fools, they are not imprisoning anyone who would be of value to the Socialist State without good reason...
...They mirror a narrowly materialistic, cynical age in which all social Ideals are absent...
...This means a smaller audience, greater difficulty in securing a publisher, favorable contracts, royalties and reviews...
...In the Soviet Union today, dictatorship is not nearly SO severe as imagined...
...The rule of thumb no longer sufficed for the handicraftsmen in the new economy...
...As Walter Duranty wrote, when you ask a peasant if he does not miss free speech, you are rewarded with a vacant grin...
...As the revolution approaches completion all classes will merge into one, the working class, and consequently the dictatorship will disappear...
...Poems and dramatic works were dedicated to patrons of the writers...
...The United Press M*fl begun to print good Russissjfl For the r e s t distrust i t esjifl anything labeled Riga, Helsingfors, or Bucharest S are two English papers psjfl m Russia, Moscow NessiH Workers' News, both s9 weeklies...
...Soviet courts are much more severe with party members than, other citizens...
...There is no denying that Russia is exporting goods that could be used at home la order to buy industrial e«nupmenV % knows that better tftjH sian worker, and bs why...
...There was the raiding of the Soviet embassy in London and the Zinctvfev forgery, there was the assassination of the Soviet Ambassador la Poland, the seisms of Soviet ships in the Black Sea by Roumania, the "Hearst document" foigerlea, Che seizure of the Manchurian Railroad by the Chin saw (probably * engineered by Europeans), the lack of diplomatic relations with Important world powers, the recently disclosed gigantic sabotage and intervention plot, and the constant strewn of lies that fills the capitalist press of the world...
...Up in Bangor, Maine, a subscriber renews for five years and writes that he is ashamed that he had neglected his renewal...
...It may be that it is now safe to free all political prisoners and allow the return of the white guard and exiled aristocracy, perhaps the wolf will now begin to lap milk with the lamb, perhaps the capitalist world is only fooling and really loves the Bolsheviks, but 1 should hate to see it tried, for awhile...
...The Women's Branch of the party in Jamaica has contributed $15 to send short time trial subscriptions to a selected list of names...
...Between now andtjS world***war the Soviet **jrss|H doubtless make great f |B most of Asia the BalkssjflJ other primitive regions, * sS industrial countries Socialise...
...having neglected his renewal...
...They forget that Russia is Asiatic, not European...
...Socialism and capitalism are both phases of Industrialism, neither one can exist in a predominantly agricultural country like Russia...
...He charged that writers of the present time, almost without exception, write solely for money and that the transactions in which they engage are as crude as any done in the market place...
...From Indianapolis a reader renews and calls the roll of the editor and regular contributors and declares that their "subtle irony, keen sarcasm, intelligent outlook and scholarly mien" make a reader feel like saying "Hoch to you...
...There was something naive about Uptown Sinclair when he made the discovery that "Money Writes" in the book of that title...
...The goal is al- ( ways kept a little in advance of ( past performance...
...And so with the Soviet system of government A Soviet is simply a council, a committee...
...It can hardly be questioned that in the event of another world war we will emerge with Fascism in the victorious countries and Bolshevism in the defeated...
...The International made the serious mistake of accepting the Menshevik or minority faction and of failing to recognize the true proletarian and anti-war character of the Bolshevik revolution...
...It is merely a question of • accurate estimating...
...Of course, the Bolsheviks make mistakes, but they are learning, too...
...To this day the snootiness associated with a knowledge of Latin, is an inheritance from the days when knowledge of that language denoted the scholar and the professional man...
...The Social Democratic Party of Russia was split in two factions on the question of the war...
...The Soviet system is simple, primitive, direct again a logical outgrowth of violent revolution...
...This hap- • pens constantly and is not at all fatal...
...This should be their big a im Their efforts to Bol&hevize the world ant reducing, they are concentrating on home problems...
...The novelist *has his work cut out for htm...
...There is no involuntary unemployment in Russia That notorious Communist sheet the New York Times, recently announced a decree whereby the wages of Russian coal miners were increased from $3 to $5 for a six hour day, which is almost equal to the Jacksonville scale for an eight hour day...
...Undoubtedly there has been a vast amount of sentimentality handed down to us on the influence of the novels of Hugo, Eliot, Stowe and Dickens in affecting that abstraction, the social conscience...
...Since it is not all published y e t I can not imagine what the Comrade is going to say next but will try to find out what has been said so far...
...The retainers and defenders of the new ordei which "came into the world dripping blood and dirt at every pore," as Marx put it, fought for their new masters, not to uphold traditions but for bread...
...It never occurred to him that there was free speech...
...Certainly some de- , pe.rtm.eets of economy may fall i abort of the figures and other ex- • ceed them for a time...
...The Gosplan is a system of planned ( economy wherein every industry, j shop, factory, mine, etc., in the ( Soviet Union is run on a budget as to production, costs, quality of ; output, etc, all planned for years , ahead and all directed from one '. central head, so that the needs of , every branch of economy can be . coordinated with the "rest...
...In short they completely failed to establish any kind of national government or to gain the support of any large fraction of the people...
...Their program calls for a gradual lessening of the dicta Corahip as the workers* state becomes stronger and more free from danger...
...Check fig- . area are kept weekly...
...True, as Comrade Low says, they don't get as much unemployment insurance as the German workers, in fact, they don't get any...
...The Russian are building for the rstflH children and worker**sB the whole world win ressfl tiple harvest of their i This they understand, a s tS tent Their fine social * • fects even American wesj)9 go there: several "shock « * • of American workers sssfl formed to Russian faotesjB Comrade Low's artlds^B with a very enUghteslssS on "how will Socialism a which explains how valsssjB talism is to the deveTrajjB Socialism...
...Truly the literature of escape that also mirrors the times and the place that the novelist occupies in i t The Group The Group has made arrangements for two exceptionally good lectures to be given by Dr...
...This branch is one of the very best working for The New Leader...
...in fact Lenin expected that the State itself wfll disappear, since he conceived the state to be merely the weapon with which the ruling class maintains power...
...Likewise, hope for a successful violent revolution depends on the coming of that war, for it will be impossible for the workers to seize any state that can command military power...
...Strange, if they are so inefficient they can still grow industrially about six times as fast as any nation on earth ever grew before...
...WhateM would be the combined ps«9 the two Internationals...
...These were the only real workers' organizations existing in the country...
...The period of rescuing part of the peasantry from "the idiocy of country life," set in...
...And thus far neither side has had the sense to admit its mistake, so the misunderstanding continues and grows...
...For we who hope for the latter, everything depends on preserving international peace...
Vol. 12 • February 1931 • No. 9
