INDUSTRY IN EARLY NEW ENGLAND
Davis, Horace B.
INDUSTRY IN EARLY NEW ENGLAND "Free" Competition Revealed As a Myth By Horace B. Devia wpTONOMXSTS of the last cenJ L tury who spun their petty shaoriu about the beneficial effects of...
...Thus Aim y and Brown, Rhode I s l a n d pioneer manufacturera, were "so dissatisfied with the irregularities of the putting-oat system that they set up hand weavers m their own shop...
...The white masters would respond with arms and troops to help the Negro masters keep power over Negro workers...
...l=W»fcS»eTW5 uses...
...Hertaog chains dowa the safety valve...
...A Program For Mastery • What would control the actions of the Negro masters is their desire to retain their power to rule, their privilege of owning the natural resources and plants of production...
...w»lker has caUed, "The Imperial City of BaKJin i . f c e U B* Pr 8 t t r high hat about aU yea • • h s M n w h o J l u V 8 t? l i v e o u * i» hick towns Uke 1 5 ar4S^d e ! p h i«- H»v« X°u f 1 * Cousin JimK u^*Jl o b*r t ' » **» nothing of a Daddy •Jteajjt.1r* h»T»ti't...
...Badalie baa been hounded by the police, and his union's local officer have been sacked Just aa would be the ease to sane of the Southern S t a t u i f a Negro labor organization * f l — f tttal there...
...His KaY-given, was that of "Uncle Robert...
...The preacher who gets the gnalafiet alani « things, naturally refers to his toterpoletloas as % line with the teachings of Christ sag «Sfa | 9 | sho^does^whenbi s t e ^ - t e ^ t a " 1 * m S rteSag h i a ^ r a j o b at*the teak*"** * * *** * P 1 Rev...
...By James Oneal AS black capitalism developed to Africa, a black imperialism would also follow...
...Tat never have I yielded to the rn ni lineisi U...
...In Russia and Mexico the old deposed .ruling classes would welcome foreign bayonets, even if workers of their own race were slaughtered...
...Although she bravely states that payday came only four times s year, and that "the company regulations put labor almost wholly at the mercy of employers," and dutifully points out that hours were from sunup to sundown and longer in Winter...
...Unfortunately, she leaves the story shortly after...
...Nearly 5,000,000 native blacks in the Union of South Africa are today denied ordinary human rights' by a white population less than one-third their number, hardened in indifference or cruelty by a hundred years of fear that the natives may find a way to avenge their own wrongs...
...I started to leave then, but the behind me hollered "sit dawn,*' and who am ) go around fighting with cops, Jesse Gross...
...He has no right to vote to the Transvaal aad the Orange Free States...
...Lawrence Todd...
...But the Irish people to New England braved all this ignorance and prejudice, and slowly beat it down...
...This book la written in a mood of deep resentment of the moral paralysis that distinguishes African statesmanship...
...The white worker may sot be as weak as the Negro, but he Is much weaker than he would be if both white and Negro workers were united for their common interests...
...be: I will apare you the obvious moralissar in the distance the sound of a band SBJB...
...It emphasizes isolation from the European world, suspicion of modern ideas, fierce resentment of outEau» Jssufsftsaii «tot ma «M s e t t ' a w l s * lasa_thu hasftward soci si arder the British ?l?ment ths*1^' djC*pfJ l^th^BsBt^ nations...
...They appreciate class brotherhood and solidarity...
...A Study in Industrial Beginnings...
...Unfortunately, she leaves the story shortly after...
...that there to always flrs parishes to e o n e to with them...
...there are not enough good Protestsata Catholics...
...It « U U l ha Spianali to have their talent money influence and minion in the Sodahwt Party...
...Consider this fact The old Russian ruling classes appealed to the ruling classes of other countries for aid when their power was taken away...
...Here is a eaftaStasB W?J...
...It really ought to be to the Issssta our open s i r speakers aad laieuefw...
...In Mexico the old ruling classes appealed to the ruling clases of other countries for aid in restoring their old privileges...
...There Is one difference, however...
...sad in the forties, with the coming of Immigrant Irish, exploitation of labor set in...
...Perhaps because the state Is sa indistinctly related to the church here, aad refi gion is not rammed down our, throats tram ChfJd tassa...
...WUham J . O'Shea, also of the Board of teaon...
...ISL^ ^ n n t l l y let me go...
...made) as the result of five years of observation in South Africa, it has so fastened its tentacles about the commonwealth that there appesa no probability that South Africa will escape the disaster which slavery has in past times brought upon its addicts...
...M Onldstein and Rabbi Wise...
...if we do, we agree to forfeit to the use o f the company the amount of wages that may be due us a t the time...
...We mlsrbi oomo s r a t ty fisti to establishing the great drum into reality tt m were as endowed...
...Rochester Socialist" New Socialist Organ (By a new Leader Correspondents) ROCHESTER, N. Y.—A fiveBoiuma, tear paga sspar, "The Rochester Socialist" has sasda Its kMnNMrvv ^rwa^BBBsss?rwB- ^aasw/ sea wtow arww sntry to the group of papers representing the Socialist Party to this country...
...I f we Ufi gat Socialism through the pulpits e f the toad, BJ ail means let tt come...
...3 While the simile of Jesus being like usto «1 agitators ef the new day is not new, stilt toi ufi plication carries us into the minds of thausauli of mso and women who think toumsejua tUsaJI era of Jesus and all that be represents...
...We will return to consider the problem of t h e - Negro wage worker in the United States...
...As lashed my way to the front with my beat Usjunners and got well seated on a bench stomped to be completely surrounded by Isssafand American flags, I discovered to my Bp* I was not attending a band-concert Bar a celebration of National Parents' Day...
...Whan labor could not be secured readily, the manufacturers did not wait for i t to turn up...
...Mtot offensive little boy who will surely grow S U a successor to Rudy Vallee unless someJ • done at once about it, then sang a gooey Py*h a lot of gestures in which be also enMaamerhood...
...sitting on the bench opposite me snd Sate walnut on ita edge...
...Ehot and Norman Thomas win hear ersi fruit to toe days to come...
...Most of them being Catholics, their churches aad convents were burnt They were the victims of mobs...
...B?La^eBnuUton' schooT-ehJld^'^n?tf sw»*i « eu*t reed or wrtta, battra you dan U McAlister Coleman...
...Many native workers shared this prejudice...
...One is as essential to the other, also...
...They grew slowly, chiefly by reinvestment of earnings . . Practically no foreign capital entered In...
...X SSSfl their power to keep tbatr foil uesse orsrsaakesa, J a u jealous of their numbers...
...Oet proIBBB-L* hers in this good, eld imperial City...
...The author oi this new book, Dr...
...In fact, they bare beea used by designing political and clerical leaders to terrorize "radical" and Socialist opinions...
...Robert 3. Frost at Board of Education, Uncle Robert had spelled ttis stirring slogan for Parents' Day, which he I had been carried to all parta of "the woild:" Kiss for Mother and a Bug for Dad...
...Eliot White is aa example of our tot ter day...
...although she describes the blacklist against "insubordinate" workers, and the pernicious speedup introduced by the premium system, still she is unduly tender to the employers...
...Jlforgot...
...There is a white prejudice against Negroes in the skilled trades and in the professions...
...Houghton, Mifflin, 1931, has given us the authoritative study on the subject...
...But the native who has a job to industry is far better off than his brother who works oa the land...
...Tolerance, eamghtaauaati aad al that seem to hare slight influence with t h u s o en redes where ecclsalaete a re considered...
...sat Dr...
...they sent out wagons scouting for it, as far away as the Canadian border...
...Nuts and Parents' Day ff| ajtance» becomea a bore...
...deWitt...
...Splendid atoeultot, sasaat t» • » d f l shout his convictions, ha kept a t I t untu hs becaaa unbearsbes to Bishop Manning aad toe bosses TU big boys used "Companionate Marriage" aa a pre t e a - He was allowed to resign, or rather . . "fired," because he preached against IH B I s f J J eQ the fat-be Hied peer lmMsti - .SB X have even heard old timers demur s bit el Norman Thomas b?casse at one tasto i s f U f fS activa minister My only retort has b a u thee si now: 'We give up enough time aad m easy asi energy to be Socialiste . . . but ulglttv fato e t « give up certan livelihood aad dtotlsatou sack m Norman's pastorate commanded, to ***** SSSjH in with the poor and fight vacantly aad lmesHWafg for their release f r a n bondage.'' For me...
...They were shunned in politics...
...They dad not do Kgjoot every indication - of extreme timidity...
...T h e fact*, that the workers were not more abused can be attributed to the generosity of the earlier employers" ( 1 ) . Again, she describes a strike in 1853 following a period insists that "to the early days, workers (were) on the whole, somewhat better off in the mills than elsewhere...
...On the other band, the ruling classes of other countries feel that they have much ia common with the old Mexican and Russian ruling classes...
...Herman J . Haba nebulous and undiaturbing...
...Haas's ssrmoas sear •Usas» Wwl of Buffalo, in which he presents the entire fl sIBJ, philosophy, using Christianity as his frameworl and for much of the background...
...INDUSTRY IN EARLY NEW ENGLAND "Free" Competition Revealed As a Myth By Horace B. Devia wpTONOMXSTS of the last cenJ L tury who spun their petty shaoriu about the beneficial effects of "free" competition missed the rather important pout that the m anil factui ets who were con» ferring the benefit of their presence on the community did not like "free competition aad were trying to s a t away from it an the time...
...there was a flag drill in the midst...
...B a » i55P fl**« out what they are Sfuse «?motion of motherhood...
...s i r there X was and there was no getting • t t . The celebration was being run by a gent UeBeri mammy songs over the mike...
...But most important of all, he „ sauted very carefully indeed to see what the H ajeosition of the nut would be...
...enee of my forebears to bold the geoUemsa of Ok cloth in disdain...
...Every page carries u illustration aad the make-up SLsd editorial style to quits defili tely designed to attract and educate non-Socialists...
...AH the early mills, many later Rhode Island factories, and some of the establishments to southern Massachusetts a n d Connecticut were carried on with very little capital...
...She shows that a s with the shipbuilding and boot aad shoe industries, so to New England's other chief manufacture, cotton cloth, there was really no "original accumulation" of capital at an...
...Both feel this way, regardless of their race, nationality or the color of their skins...
...Next Emancitation...
...Mo place to left the native, to which to live or die...
...e • Premier Hertaog has been bitter la his hostility to the one labor union among the natives the Industrial aad Commercial Union, to which the International Federation of Trade Unions has granted a « a s t i c a , He diami seed his minister of posts aad telegraphs on grounds which included the offesse of his having met a delega tion from this organisation...
...Aad what to uosi desirabls about them to...
...The Irish workers who came to New England were regarded by the New England aristocracy aa a servile class...
...sta Leonard Barnes points out in this study, (Caliban in Africa...
...lut i t '••u~*f| That day* tbTsaog*sad ^ ^ t J ^ m w *StT" |MasBBsa| ^ Q r t o s j t e U t ^ Whet would be sadder than this datt flataat As stunned, as darkened sad a s incompiete Upon the rutted wtodUga e f the h u e , . WhQe autoasaa Uauhtu to her monotoste The certain knowledge . . . we are both . . . atomt There is a book before me that will a?rer as the "best selling" list of any book MhtsaS, T i it has a world of meaning for such of us who dtassj and plan beyond the hack faaau of oat at affi foot lives...
...The average annual wage e f the 1.300.000 natives employed by Europeans is less than 170...
...Prejudices Kept Alive But note this: All of this is founded on igno^ince, prejudice and stupidity, and the will of the masters of both white and black wage workers to keep/this prejudice alive...
...Mttrlstsv of Justice Rosa boasted ta a public meeting that whQs Gee Hertaog had received sa apology from CssauaU KadaUa, head of the X. C. U , he, Roca, "should regard it as a most enormous usait if a native (dared to) apologise to me...
...With BBectual assistance of Dr...
...She tabes a crack a t the idea that the operations o f capitalists consist of auk*4 tag advances to laborers...
...000 must go to white employment for she to ahu months ha each Ua*^Ma*a?^^^^ST|gai^ living/ permanently In that towTe* or exist te any corner of Europe...
...They have obtained POWER, and this always wins respect The anti-Irish prejudice was once m deep-seated as the antiNegro prejudice ia today...
...it was perhaps not over S per cent She distinguishes between the "family system" of Rhode Island, where men worked to the same plant with their wives and children, aad the ''boarding bouse system," later developed to New England...
...This to his home...
...During the most prosperous period of the industry, the average dividend from the large companies was 9 per cent, and including an mills from 1816 to 1846...
...The Negro masters of Africa, when their power became endangered by awakened Negro workers, would call across the seas to the white masters for aid...
...Caro Une F . Ware, "The Early New England Cotton Manufacture...
...But this is getting me away from the hook tufi I mentioned above...
...He said that a lot of people were goereuad knocking the public school system of dry and that it was an outrage and that any taso would dare to strike at the foundations ST educational system had poison in his veins St good school-children and their parents a* seep away from such reptiles...
...am far as X can recall, X am neither a National •Ffstarnational Parent...
...The old masters of Russia aad Mexico feel that they nave more in common with the masters of other countries tBan they have in common with the workers of their own countries...
...The Chatterbox a u ^ ^ i a ^ PocuUsrsi yott im that mekxjy of atmg vrauea?vm T e a saaat ha here to s u d a BX*u T t | M | | | | | | r M saaal...
...Scotch them boys...
...The sections on labor do not show the author at her best...
...who can read aad write and all, got up said that he was the father of all the one ka aad ons-half school-children ia the city of 'York...
...pledged themselves 'not to be engaged to any combination, whereby the work may be impeded, or the company's interest to any work Injured...
...When the nut was Efrdr" he would pat his mustache in apply jjasner...
...Jews sad Mohanrmsrtans is fur p?j...
...sad in the forties, with the coming of Immigrant Irish, exploitation of labor set in...
...These property interests ars the same'as the property interaste that dictate the actions oi white capitalists where white capitalism rules...
...But long hours continued in the mills when they had been abolished outside...
...Although she bravely states that payday came only four times s year, and that "the company regulations put labor almost wholly at the mercy of employers," and dutifully points out that hours were from sunup to sundown and longer in Winter...
...When workers ara divided it means weakness for them...
...If the Negro capitalists found that the Negro wage workers were becoming strong to their movement to abolish robbery, the Negro masters would appeal to toe waits masters of other countries for sad...
...The natives, despairing, wait and gain in numbers...
...If anything, laborers made' advances...
...ti cms corns out* with a docrusat ef Bnnlaasi pro copte and interpretations of the social o/usarttoha I get a real thrill, aad am grsaafui...
...It hot, b'en published 'o sell at cost, 10 cents postpaid, by the Negro Lobur Nevis Service, f: O. Box 66, College Station, New York City, or 2653 Washington boulevard, Chicago...
...I t to written by a Socialist pastor of Buffali published by the Salem Evangelical Brotherhood a Buffalo, sens for I ! 00 and has the apteauhd tato from Biblical source—"He stlrrsth Up the f a t pie...
...cerpte from Dr...
...The author ia Comrade Dr...
...Make year • j K " ** Mother, a Hug for Dad...
...There was just the' same paternalism to early New England as to the present-day South—even to the yellow dog contract...
...He said that ar Walker (who bad just corns onto the platMi a brand sew suit, while the Sanitation Band • f r V y Own Red, White and Blue," written • a b i l i in the conversation by James J . Fenl fcincipal God forbid, of Public School 77 of peat) was the best Mayor this city had ever tad that wa should all five him a big hand...
...J . B. Lippincott Co., Phila,, $3...
...Leeski sit up and clutch their hearts in a most fashion...
...The same thing would be true of a Negro capitalism to Africa...
...Issi thought that perhaps they ware starting i sad concerts and that a little music would Bap savage breast, or whatever it was the old ristata about...
...we went away frcm P b » . t ? , . p r ! d c t° tbink that we gars natives of Basi...
...They have so emancipated themselves from it that in many sections of New England, the danger is that they in turn may persecute other...
...I t helped to keep the workers divided as Negro prejudice today keeps the workers divided...
...This la the persistence of the color question...
...J e ^ f e l iH buhr Dr...
...The "boarding-housemil Is came in with the power loom, "which could be beat operated by women and girla who ranged from 18 to 22 years of age...
...oil point, the capitalist-squirrel entered the •ap-Be was a fat old fellow, very sleek Indeed BEssshVent whiskers and a shrewd look la his | a d made careful note of the whole buatK# sstreau and advances...
...It begins with an explanation of Boer experience —the pioneering on the vast veldt, and the building up of a sense of individua] right, in the white man, to dominate all the land and all the natives within his reach...
...But long hours continued in the mills when they had been abolished outside...
...It has a special bearing on the theme of this booklet There is race prejudice and race discrimination against Negroes in general...
...Also, o a r own caporicnoo with aartoim JkuJM era as office holders sad parto* rsaagafida u t * M little to recommend their ktod to oar sfidar ssBsj n i as jgm For myself, preachers as much as hankers, tow vers, doctors and engineers, have aa indtspUabB, right to accept Socialism as their political fatti aad join with aa for that end...
...One is as much entitled to be here aa the other...
...I- wandered over to the Mali, where in lisa ef my' extreme youth I was wont to ride Starts under the now long-forgotten elms |s*sgskte the world's worst statues...
...Governmental pledges of crutJaa of lead for the native tribes has* beea ignored for many years Wages are steadily danfiuet, saw) whites are always given both a preference to jobs and a wage fire or six times the wage paid the nativa...
...This ia quite a laboriS g s j involving much scratching up of the BSj « s i amounts of pa ting down the earth...
...She insists that "to the early days, workers (were) on the whole, somewhat better off in the mills than elsewhere...
...We #4 and then that famous protector of the Bt and home, James Joseph Walker, as HeypBroun persists in calling turn, got op and lib piece...
...With it would come the old diplomacy of the white imperialist countries...
...Always going • r tasting up homes, no better than those •est Socialists...
...But the point is they have won the respect of their old enemies and even their fear...
...Socialism can be made as good a vehicle for tU idealism of all religions aa any system of govora mail that has come before i t la fact, only aadst Socialism cas one really follow aad practise thi high Ideala aad precepts oas calta from a risiisi of the Bible or the Koran...
...If we eea get i t thfatsafi the Dark Agea to capture a New Jerusalem, arj What all o f ai «ha work so unapsitogty to thi party need is to feel that we ars being re-totaroaj our hope new fuel, and renewed imputo» to go eg * ^ f ^ < c o m i ^ r * o f ^ e % r t « t h c o d of Amaitoa wl oar ranks has say significance, i% to *tost Uto .•-.} that the intellectually honest man, wbetafUj MM and whatever may be bis lot, eaaaot IWSUb^sbTM and stay away from SnrUllsU And the work of SBCS SWB SB Or...
...T h e fact*, that the workers were not more abused can be attributed to the generosity of the earlier employers" ( 1 ) . Again, she describes a strike in 1853 following a period of "profit to the employers and satisfaction to the workers...
...w t tired of having reencated before Hp Inch a grim though familiar drama from sai aft...
...ncle Robert said that he was the uncle of all million sad one half school-children in New 1c, which seta ap aa all-time avuncular record, said that ha loved us all, parente and children a and that ha would love to come right down kiss ut ad...
...He came out fearP a favor of motherhood...
...Marcus Garvey's program Ignored everythng that la vital to the freedom aad happiness of Negre wprhtagmen and women...
...Norman Ware's book, the "Industrial Worker, 1840-1860," does not make the mistake of saying that workers were "satisfied" merely because they did not strike every few years...
...All of us then piped up i a our KjjefHih voices, "Three Cheers for Cousin BjK- Cousin Jimmy amans Jamas Joseph •at who is cousin to the one million aad onsIM)M children, just as Uncle Robert ia their K P Dr- William J . O'Shea, -who must have <*" bicycles., is their daddy...
...J * * in which we pledged allegiance to our E**» >s the Sanitation Band pouted out is HJf *eg of free-dom" (waving as i t does so W*f «ver the prisons where*they,.h*re got R M Billings cooped up) aad stood at salute [r**t «hue aa a boy who looked from where ^•eattang like an advanced case of dementia r"~*> aarched round and round the platform h7L?»the **»* o f t n e State of New York which P*A "Excelsior...
...Over a hundred years ago the employes of the Cocheco Manufacturing Co., at Dover, N. H...
...Shame on you...
...although she describes the blacklist against "insubordinate" workers, and the pernicious speedup introduced by the premium system, still she is unduly tender to the employers...
...at to hand it- to Jimmy...
...tata »o I found It hut Sunday whan • ^ E w n D x around Central Park which ia <g7i J > t l i—- of Mayor Jamas Joseph Walker ^ i p t o of New York...
...Here he will have to solve his problems the same as the wni tsi wsVff profite r TnArap is AO mere reason for toe Negro worker to go to Africa than there is for the white worker to go to Alaska...
...The skilled trades and professions were closed to the Irish immigrants...
...THE NEXT EMANCIPATION V — Negro Mastery and White Emancipation (This is the fifth installment of a revised booklet, "The...
...Miss Ware also disposes of a fallacy dear to the working class, that the bosses always make a lot of money...
...What the workers of all colors aad nationalities need first of all to a program that leads to s austery of their own lives, not a mastery over their Bros exercised by S class Of capitalists, be they whits or black...
...There is the J im Crow car and exclusion from public places...
...Then they would make nervous Tj«r/ tentative gestures at coming nearer, fJr*Lr their shoulders meanwhile to be sure ! « shack from the rear...
...And when they were able, they established pools and rings to keep up the pries of yarn and make a little extra profit That was the system of laissez-faire...
...His voice choked up * » he stood there like the gallant fighter that •Steouncing his critics as those who would < essine motherhood and the institution of the §|f*ud boys like John Haynes Holmes, Dr...
...There may IJKa*"' y°» home terns...
...BaMsr had the worker-squirrel buried the nut Ipdad off to get another than this big bum l i s a n t sauntering along in a most leisurely Eaeawth the hut and carry it off to bury It Ehi spot unbeknownst to its rightful owner, bai in that game a whole volume of political ssa...
...Providing, of course, that the wage earners of the other countries appealed to* were not strong enough'to restrain their own masters from extending such aid...
...Political domination by the Afrikaners over the aatrea mass is preserved by the * " * " " American expedient—the nativa la abut out from the polling booth...
...Once before we had this prejudice against, not color, but a certain nationality...
...Women earned S3 a week to the former and $2.50 or more In the latter...
...Finally, summoning sttfesB&ed to be the last ounce of despairing *zT they would make a flurried sortie and Bp'sBt bald out to them by the old gentle^sssrksr-squiiTel would then acamper off and LTagob t e a ^ ^ r < o r * secluded spot would ESad to bury his nut...
...1 She baa unearthed several early mill records aad com bee all available literature...
...Instead of paying a decent wage aad leaving labor supply and demand to take care of itself, the bosses of the earliest nulls to Rhode Island, never paid to cash "but a t least half and sometimes entirely in goods at the company store, where the temptation Jo overcharge was often too strong for the owner...
...to Natal, 1.250,000 natives ara «H disfranchised by legal tricks: to Cape Province, the natives who can vote are 16.000 out of 1,7*0,000...
...They do not permit national frontiers or flags to interfere with common action against the workers of any country...
...B l on » bench in the «manina which *V -roridentially turned on by Mayor Jamas aad y« olde Parka nmiiiiilaeJiaiar and P**, (aras squirrels playing capitalist and mWm thinner squirrels would approach an old BE...
...The early bosses of the cottonmanufacturing industry, which has been held ap aa a beautiful example of laissez-f al re at Its heat, at least as f a r a s the business sad was cones mod, were not only busy lobbying for the highest tariff possible,— a . direct contradiction of laisser faire, of course,—they were all the time reaching oat to contrai some part of the ?conomie machina which under laissez-faire was U continual danger of breaking down...
...South Africa's Disaster AFRUCANERISM is the wnTtesupremacy doctrine pf the Boers and the Boer-dominated British in the Union of South Africa, It differs from the slaveholding doctrine which prevailed in the American South before the Civil War, just as i t differs from the slave-catching morality of Arab and Moor in North Africa, of two generations ago, by its modifications made necessary by a changed world condition.' But...
...We have seen that the problems and the interests of white and black workers are the same...
...My faith te orgnatast religione, to equally sa indistinct aad Bghc...
...flOOO OIL . .' . ^ Socialiste who have come hare from the c h u* ridden monarchies at Europe have retained aval to this day a subtle distrust aad distaste for press» ers and priests...
...The sections on labor do not show the author at her best...
Vol. 12 • May 1931 • No. 20
