CHILE: The People Will Not Forget Their Victories Nor Pardon The Their Assassins
NACLA
Introduction we are absolutely certain that [the Chilean peopleJ will know how to fight fascism. We are absolutely certain that September 11 marked the beginning of a struggle that will end...
...It is clear that this will require more effort of the other parties than of the MIR, because the MIR, while it had to adapt tactically, for a moment, to the real conditions which were imposed on it, did not change its fundamental political line...
...Minister of the Economy and member of MAPU, went so far as to announce the adoption of rationing at the start of 1973, a measure which was never concretized...
...The encouragement of numerous forms of popular participation in the productive and administrative apparatus and the rise of new popular mass organizations permitted the development of a social movement characterized by a high political consciousness of the masses...
...The Junta (following the directives of the so-called "Chicago boys" -- a group of economists trained under Milton Friedman at the University of Chicago) has removed that protection...
...We must regroup our forces, encourage cooperation at all levels, from the coordination and discussion of a common political focus to the realization of joint actions, as we have already done in the past and as we shall do with fervor in the future...
...Its hegemony carries along with it, therefore, the sharpening of intra-bourgeois contradictions as well as conflicts with the petit bourgeoisie...
...imperialism, as it allies with either or both of these sectors...
...What has motivated the policy -- which we find so positive -- of the Soviet Union towards the Junta...
...The Ist of May, flooded with pamphlets, red paint, painted walls, signified the first organized action of agitation and propaganda by the Resistance...
...Although it is more technical than we normally publish in our Report, we feel its analysis can help clarify the internal consequences of the invisible blockade as well as pointing to the present contradictions which are seriously undermining the governing Junta...
...government and the international agencies under its influence.' Other factors also intensified the shortage of foreign exchange such as the rise in the international prices of food -stuffs (an item of considerable weight in the Chilean import structure) and the fall of the world market price of copper, onlyalleviatedin the last year of the government...
...Elsewhere it is known that Intelligence services of the Armed Forces discovered extremist plans for the Day of the Workers and changed the time of the curfew...
...Simply maintaining and developing a clandestine structure under the present conditions is already a form of struggle against the Dictatorship...
...A Resistance Committee pamphlet circulating in Santiago reads: "The dictatorship is not invincible...
...diverse forms of resistance inside the factories...
...And those who have erected a pretorian guard in the capital know it well...
...The document was written just weeks after the coup d'etat when van Schowen, together with other resistance leaders, were being incessantly hunted by the gorilas...
...Satisfaction of this sector's needs, therefore, came to depend essentially on the external sector, in other words, on the availability of foreign exchange in order to import these products...
...The campaign for rehiring dismissed union leaders must be a constant task...
...slowdowns in the factories, distribution of stamps with slogans in the poblaciones and public offices, and murals painted in the barrios marked the first of May, the beginning of a massive national campaign-- the response of the resistance to increased repression by the gorila dictatorship, All these acts of agitation and propaganda demonstrate the present capacity of the clandestine Resistance Committees and their level of coordination throughout Chile...
...The fundamental task of organization consists in spurring the creation of a broad front of resistance against the gorila dictatorship, incorporating within it all sectors of the left and all sectors of the democratic petty bourgeoisie that are willing to struggle against tyranny...
...8. New York Times, June 25, 1974...
...There is no reason to doubt that it will be able to give this response...
...The preparation for higher phases of struggle and confrontation with fascism is in force.29 8) INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY: AN ESSENTIAL FACTOR FOR THE VICTORY OF THE PEOPLE The peoples of the world have been profoundly moved by the military coup in Chile...
...Put on the defensive by the coup d'etat, confused, fearful and fragmented at first, it slowly began to reorganize and regain confidence in its own strength...
...UNITY WILL GIVE US STRENGTH TO MAKE THEM RESPECT OUR RIGHTS -We call on the soldiers to struggle together with their people: to organize the resistance in the barracks...
...THE WORKERS AND REVOLUTIONARIES OF CHILE HAVE SWORN ON THE MEMORY OF OUR MARTYRS TO FIGHT UNTIL WE OVERTHROW THE DICTATORSHIP...
...They must convert themselves into true fighting instruments serving the essential material interests of the working class and the people...
...Only in this way can the struggle against the gorila dictatorship be converted into a huge school which prepares and educates the proletariat for the realization of its historical mission: the conquest of power, the workers' and peasants' revolution, socialism...
...Brazil is thus a special case of imperialist dom- ination in Latin America...
...We are absolutely certain that September 11 marked the beginning of a struggle that will end only with the people's victory...
...Address all correspondence to Box 57, Cathedral Station, New York, NY 10025 or Box 226, Berkeley, CA 94701...
...Civilian and military fascists, don't sing of victory too soon...
...The most important thing is to allow the Dictatorship no respite, to increase day by day its isolation, strengthening the support of the workers and peoples of the world for the Chilean people and their heroic resistance...
...On April 28th, the Lota coal mine-- one of the largest carbon deposits in Chile-- was paralyzed by a flood that hit its central gallery, known as Pique Grande...
...Q: Do you think that all the parties which formed the Unidad Popular have really learned the lessons of the failure of the reformist path...
...The text of the pamphlet reads as follows: ist OF MAY: DAY OF THE WORKERS We make this day a homage to their struggle...
...In effect, thanks to their economic and technological base, the large enterprises operate with smaller production costs while (if competition does not cause them to function in another manner) they take advantage of market prices equal or superior to the rest...
...Many other governments of Western Europe, Latin America, Asia, Africa and the Middle East have taken positions that in one way or another have contributed to the world-wide isolation of the military junta...
...NY3 succeeded, the Junta now hopes to use hunger to bludgeon the working class into submission...
...6 (May 1974), 4. 10...
...The Clandestine Resistance Committees have incorporated important sectors of all of the UP parties and the MIR, the political force that created and supported these committees through its organization and is better prepared to confront the coup and the repression...
...We will not accept the handouts and the wages of hunger...
...We know that no worker, revolutionary or progressive will remain passive or fail to welcome these butchers with counter-demonstrations, always confronting them with the case of our companero van Schowen...
...in other words, the easy game of bourgeois parliamentarianism...
...The propaganda against the Dictatorship must be intensified...
...In September of 1973 the working class and the masses suffered a defeat in the face of the bourgeois counter-revolution...
...This position has brought them into conflict with fascism and earned them attacks from the junta's mercenaries...
...But the workers and revolutionaries of Chile are willing to pay a high price for the reestablishment of liberty and justice, and above all else, to embark on the definitive road to the proletarian revolution and to establish Socialism in Chile...
...the proletariat struggles to liberate itself as a class, to end all forms of dictatorship imposed upon it and upon other classes and social strata...
...In the name of nationalism, they open our economy to foreign capital, making it more dependent on Yankee imperialism and its outpost, Brazilian sub-imperialism...
...information bulletins, magazines and newspapers should be published...
...We must realize that the People's Republic of China had offered the Allende government its solidarity which Allende did not take advantage of due to certain national or international interests...
...The development of the values of solidarity and fraternity must bring a large number of them into the anti-fascist struggle...
...We should work to permanently improve this organization and make use of the weaknesses and mistakes of the dictatorship...
...Unfortunately, for them, things are not like that...
...That struggle is one we have been leading since the month of September 1973 in different ways...
...We must always keep in mind the forms of struggle that will be victorious in the end...
...All this has produced rather important changes in the general political situation and has led to a certain breakdown of the military Junta...
...The official economic policy is to re-establish the monopoly character of production and finance to make it possible for the large national and foreign corporations to resume their process of accumulation based on an even greater level of ex-27 ploltation...
...In the July-August issue we will present our own analysis of the role of U.S...
...exploitation, the winning back of social and political gains--these are chapters in the present struggle that come before the more decisive stages of the fight...
...VI, No...
...The creation of the Political Front of the Chilean Resistance is an urgent task in the fight against the Dictatorship...
...We are printing portions of the interview which was conducted in La Habana, Cuba, on June 25, 1974...
...They have abolished all democratic freedoms, closed Parliament, banned all Left parties, suspended the bourgeois parties, suppressed freedom of expression, assembly and association, cancelled trade union rights, the right to petition and strike, etc...
...With their blood and their social combat Jose Manuel Balmeceda, the anti-imperialist patriot...
...Dockers at Liverpool refused to load goods bound for Chile...
...It is obvious that, if the working class does not fulfill these conditions, it will risk again being held back by political gradualism...
...In the name of National Reconstruction, they rebuild capitalism on a foundation of increased exploitation, returning factories and farms to their former owners and submitting wage laborers to brutal super-exploitation by drastically cutting wages...
...LUIS CERDA: We must distinguish two aspects: on the one hand, we must take into account the general situation, and in particular the relation of class forces vis-a-vis the military Junta -- the political economy of the Junta, its politics of repression, the brutal manner in which it imposes the interests of certain privileged sectors of the population, those linked to large national and foreign capital...
...At the same time, the contradictions between the big bourgeoisie, on the one hand, and the medium and petit bourgeoisie, on the other, increased, creating deep fissures in the system of class rule on which they all rested...
...For the moment, we have established bilateral relations with the [Left] parties...
...I think this is an important aspect to consider...
...OUR STRUGGLE IS PART OF THE STRUGGLE THAT ALL THE PEOPLES OF THE WORLD ARE WAGING AGAINST IMPERIALISM, REACTIONARY FORCES AND BARBARISM...
...But when the Soviet Union is confronted with a concrete experience, as it was in the case of Vietnam, Cuba and now in Chile, it is obliged to adopt more advanced positions than it would like...
...Enriquez explained that those who carried out the coup, feeling uneasy because of their isolation from any popular support, their disastrous economic policy and international pressures, have initiated a publicity campaign to improve "their sinister image...
...He added, however, that the military Junta that governs his country will only be overthrown "at the end of a prolonged, difficult people's war that will be full of sacrifices...
...Nothing allows us to believe that this can be done without recourse, at a given moment, to the use of arms...
...Proletarian internationalism will be of primary importance in securing the future of the Chilean popular resistance...
...Fires, apparently accidental, have destroyed the Industria Multiplas and the ware- houses of the firm Fuentes y Cia, known for their brutal exploitation of workers and refusal to pay family benefits...
...And, it can do this while at the same time increasing its economic power and tilting the class struggle in its favor...
...Only in this way can the resistance struggle against gorilismo be converted into a wide resistance and then into a great popular and revolutionary counter-offensive...
...VII, No...
...untiringly continues its labor...
...For its part the government, faithful to its plan for winning over the middle sectors, continually gave the merchants guarantees and refused to expropriate the large private distribution houses (a condition sine qua non for the control over distribution), limiting itself to the operation of a State center which accounted for only 33 percent of wholesale distribution.' The struggle for the appropriation of income thus was moved into the stores and markets, which became the scene of a daily confrontation between the petit bourgeoisie and the popular masses who fought over bread, shoes or matches...
...Branches of the resistance must be established and multiplied in every factory, farm, settlement, barracks and school...
...It assassinates the President of the Republic...
...Ercilla, No...
...And it chose to rely fundamentally on force, Now, from this point of view, the Junta is not only trying to reinforce its position by the purge it is carrying out in the army right now -- which is spoken of in the papers -- but it is also seeking to reinforce its position through the support of the United States in particular, and also of Brazil, which is seeking to strengthen its position in Latin America...
...It is rumored, however, that he is dead...
...LC: This is a difficult question...
...In the development and strengthening of the popular resistance against the Dictatorship, the international solidarity, shown especially by workers around the world, has played, and will continue to play an ever more important role...
...The best way of advancing in this direction is to deepen the revolutionary struggle in our individual countries...
...Popular organizations capable of exercising mass control over distribution would be given control of this new system...
...To it the people and sectors whose democratic and humanistic consciousness is bringing them to the struggle against the dictatorship are being incorporated...
...It will follow only when we first have set into motion a true workers' resistance...
...But the working class reserves its irrenouncible right to political and organizational independence...
...Its principal task is the defeat of fascism in all its expressions...
...In this way, then, conditions are created to isolate the dictatorship, organize the majority of the country against it and place its power in growing danger...
...The survival of the popular forces and their reorganization under new conditions were the first achievements...
...Junta representatives have been unceremoniously confronted with their own bloody acts in Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico, France, Spain, the United States and wherever else they have dared to show their faces...
...This seems to us more important than solemn agreements with the PDC or the petit bourgeoisie...
...It is a struggle against the dictatorship on all levels...
...On the other hand, it is obvious that, as for strategic questions, there is still a long road ahead: to reach an agreement we can engage in discussion, but we must particularly create concrete situations in which these parties will have to take concrete positions...
...Elements collaborating with the Dictatorship must be denounced and isolated...
...In an interview with the Chilean weekly, Ercilla, Sahli spoke assuredly of the "necessary disappearance of 'inefficient' firms" in Chile in the future...
...american Ambassador Davis in which he advised the State Department to create "a discontent large enough to stimulate majority support for military intervention...
...The Economic Crisis During the government of the Popular Unity and especially in its last months in office, the characteristic aspect of the non-public Chilean economy consisted in the systematic conversion of productive capital into speculative capital...
...2 In its first year of government, the UP's results in the economic field filled it with optimism...
...But the problems of coordination are not only technical...
...On these small pieces of paper, the Ist of May is affirmed as the day when the Resistance begins...
...if they would or wouldn't support a revolutionary movement...
...It is estimated that 80% T ti e Chilean population is in disagreement with the military junta and thousands and thousands of workers have already actively taken up the struggle...
...As far back as last December, in a declaration from Rome by all the parties and movements of the left, they made public their decision to combine forces to realize the tasks destined to guarantee and develop the broad movement of solidarity with the struggle of the Chilean people that has arisen all over the world...
...LC: This coordination is the result of a polit- ical line and political work that have been car- ried out for three years with important results...
...INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY, PROLETARIAN INTERNATIONALISM AND OUR NEVER-ENDING BATTLE IN THE CITIES AND COUNTRYSIDE OF CHILE WILL MAKE OUR STRUGGLE IRREVERSIBLE, WILL STRENGTHEN THE CHILEAN RESISTANCE AND WILL TRANSFORM OUR CALL FOR VICTORY INTO FINAL VICTORY AGAINST CAPITALISM AND THE DICTATORSHIP...
...alive or dead: hero of the Chilean popular resistance.26 Declaration of the Chilean Left For five months now, the people of Chile have lived under a cruel fascist dictatorship...
...Secondly, we also have seen revolutionary forces in Latin America which posed the question of armed struggle but, being too far removed from the masses, fell into a kind of "Left militarism...
...Search and seizure operations continue, as do the dragnets in the cities, raids and barricades in order to control the streets, and the torture of peasants...
...The large bourgeoisie and imperialism were hit hard by these advances of the people...
...If we examine the situation since the coup, we see that the Junta has made no real progress in its goal of repressing revolutionary organizations...
...Nonetheless, this does not represent a return to the past...
...they also struggle for socialism...
...Salaries alone cannot maintain them at their accustomed levels...
...Our militants must be willing to give their lives for the cause of proletarian revolution...
...There will be a time when China will take an interest in the events of Latin America, and when the capitalist countries will also have to adopt a position: it is this situation that we are trying to create...
...THE WORKING CLASS, THE PEOPLE AND ITS VANGUARD HAVE NOT DIED...
...To arrive at that point we must, in effect, have a mass movement capable of sustaining such combat...
...While it was the big bourgeoisie which emerged at the head of the capitalist class after the coup, reaching a dominance which it never before had attained, the conflicts within the bourgeoisie, as well as between classes, has not been resolved...
...The resistance, the clandestine struggle, the production of propaganda within Chile today, the reorganization of the resistance movement and the building of the people's army need enormous quantities of money...
...To do that we are going to prepare ourselves for as long as we judge it necessary...
...their parties have been outlawed...
...Due to the primacy of the inter-class struggle under the UP government, a new economic mechanism, speculation, was able to unite the interests of the big bourgeoisie to those of the smaller sector of capitalists...
...Our party has completed the first phase of reorganization and "clandestinization" throughout the country...
...What the Chilean example demonstrates-and an analysis of the behaviour of the bourgeoisie in other countries under similar conditions will reveal the same--is that, in a moment of crisis, capital can halt its process of accumulation and provoke the degeneration of the whole economy through its transformation into speculative capital...
...The significance of this act of sabotage is heightened by the fact that British workers at Rolls Royce, the manufacturer of these planes, have refused to repair any Chilean aircraft...
...The most important task today is to organize the resistance throughout Chile...
...The ideological confrontation with fascism, the popular economic demands to stave off the dramatic effects of super...
...at the local communal level and at the provincial17 level to widen its base throughout Chile...
...Of special importance to the workers, revolutionaries and people of Chile is the attitude of the socialist countries, Revolutionary Cuba, proletarian internationalism and the combative solidarity of the revolutionary movements of Latin America, especially that of the ERP, the Tupamaros and the ELN of Bolivia...
...9 Similar acts of solidarity in this country and elsewhere have lent courage and determination to resistance fighters in Chile and throughout Latin America...
...The polarization in the class struggle does not imply, however, that the contradictions which affect other classes or sectors of classes are going to diminish...
...In addition to this, there were very strong interests, such as those of the French and Italian Communist Parties, which forced the Soviet Union to adopt stronger positions in relation to Chile...
...It left untouched the firms producing luxury goods (automobiles, durable consumer appliances...
...Everyone has a place in the task of isolating, containing and defeating fascism...
...Many of them discover that they are being used by the minorities that represent big capital, and by imperialism, for anti-national and anti-patriotic purposes...
...Planned absenteeism among skilled workers has slowed production, while in the public sector papers are purposely shuffled to paralyze the inhuman official policy of discharges...
...In this way the Dictatorship broke the social base that brought it to power, losing the support of broad sectors of the petit bourgeoisie and simultaneously activating the entire working class and the poor people in the cities and countryside...
...2022 (May 1-7, 1974), 18-21...
...International solidarity and the international struggle against the Dictatorship will have special importance in the weeks to come because the Dictatorship is buying ships and Hawker Hunter planes from England -- the same planes that the ultra-reactionaries and the officer corps used in September to bomb the Presidential Palace, slums and shanty towns, factories and rural zones...
...This had to be a fundamental point in a strategy which, by proposing the modification of socio-economic structures inside the framework of parliamentary institutionality, had to count on iniddle sector votes...
...What are the factors that led to the creation of this revolutionary front...
...High-level leaders and cabinet ministers are reaping huge profits while the workers are forced to carry the weight of the economic crisis...
...The most reactionary forces in our history abolished all democratic liberties and human rights -- all in the name of "democracy...
...But obviously we don't want to remain at that point...
...we want to choose, and we are going to choose, our own time and place...
...The brutal and massive repression has not only failed to break the combative spirit and organization of the workers, but it has also failed to erase the parties that express and lead the combat of the masses...
...In their feverish eyes they perceive the church, the United Nations, the governments of Europe and even the Northamerican press as "marxist...
...Government ministers from the major copper producing countries met to consider technical matters related to the maintenance of a high price for the metal in the world market...
...smaller) capitalist sectors which cannot stand up under the unrelenting penetration of foreign capital, deepening the contradiction between the monopoly bourgeoisie and the middle and small bourgeoisie [see "Chile: The Political Economy of Military-Fascism," in this issue...
...We must not only pay attention to what is happening on the political scene in general, but also ask ourselves what is happening within those political forces, and see how we can profit from this situation and set into motion a resistance movement against the Dictatorship...
...It appears that it is not interested in playing its hand at this moment in this part of the world...
...We now publish the last document that he wrote...
...Our tactical objectives include a second phase, which we see as that of armed propaganda, and a third phase, which will be one of open war against the gorilas in the cities and countryside...
...WORKER: Past victories cannot be lost...
...The working class, overcoming the terror that the usurping junta has imposed, confronts it in the copper and coal mines and in many industries, in defense of its living standard, its trade union and essential rights...
...Because this sector was tied to the increased production of luxury goods and because of the specific nature of Chilean industrial development (in durable consumer goods, chemical and electronics industries, principally), this sector began to seek a reorientation of credit lines in its favor, to foster the entrance of foreign capital and technology, to re-mold foreign commerce (in terms of imports as well as, and most importantly, exports, with the creation of the Andean Pact of particular importance in this field) and re-structure the internal market...
...IT IS PART OF THE PROLETARIAN AND THE PEOPLE'S STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION...
...2. The October 1974 issue of NACLA's Latin America and Empire Report will contain a more complete analysis of the economic situation...
...It is important to keep in mind the fact that the Chilean industrial economy does not have at its disposal a real capital goods sector...
...We must unite those forces...
...Our conception of this is slightly different from Che's: the international character of the Latin American revolution is fully confirmed today...
...It is to the extent that the international situation will increasingly force the socialist countries to take a position dictated by their autonomous interests that we will be able to develop a proletarian internationalism-- a proletarian internationalism quite neglected at this time...
...Its deepening and extension are on the order of the day...
...It must be broadened within the Armed Forces and the Carabineros...
...The workers are deprived of their most elementary rights, the dissolution of the CUTCH is decreed, and there is the attempt to prohibit the functioning of the trade unions...
...This does not prevent us from signing a common declaration, like that of February 12 [See the "Declaration of the Chilean Left," in this issue...
...It is this active refusal by the Chilean people to submit to the Dictatorship which has prevented the Junta's consolidation...
...Santiago, Chile: January 1974...
...VII...
...We are still far from the time when revolutionary armed struggle in Latin America can take on the international character that Che sought to give it, but we believe it is necessary to work toward this end...
...Only in this way will the people understand the legitimate nature of the struggle and make it their own...
...The minimum wage for a worker is 18,000 escudos a month whereas, according to the Conferati`on of Private Employees of Chile, a family of four has to spend at least 76,000 escudos a month on food and other essentials...
...Workers and students everywhere should demand that the Chilean butchers acknowledge that they have him in their power, alive and tortured, or show us his mutilated corpse...
...He also spoke of President Salvador Allende who, he said, "died with dignity, courageously defending his beliefs...
...This cycle has produced two important re- sults to date...
...Thus, for example, in respect to the auto industry: the government only proposed the rationalization of production, opening up the field to the bids of foreign capital and, in passing, simplifying the models produced...
...Enriquez called upon world public opinion to offer its solidarity with Luis Corvalan, Secretary General of the Chilean Communist Party, Clodomiro Almeyda, ex-Minister of Foreign Relations, as well as other imprisoned leaders of the UP, He also asked that international public opinion step up all efforts to prevent the execution or further torture of Bautista van Schowen, a 30-year old doctor and member of the MIR's Political Commission...
...We will stop at nothing, even at the cost of our own lives...
...The article which follows attempts to answer some of these questions...
...This would force us to link ourselves to the evolution and fluctuations of international politics...
...Q: Can you give some indication of the kind of unity that is being developed at the grass-roots level...
...LC: Political and ideological debate with other organizations is something we engage in only when it is absolutely necessary, at the level of the coordination of the Chilean Left...
...The formation and securing of the alliance between the proletariat and the other sectors of the people and the incorporation of anti-fascist democrats are tasks presently in development...
...By 1967--during the second half of the government of Christian Democrat Eduardo Frei-the policies of the big bourgeoisie had produced a recession in the mass consumer goods industry, and the worsening of the workers' and semiproletarian masses' living standards as well as those of the lower sectors of the petit bourgeoisie...
...We knew that if this popular "island" could not maintain itself and spread to other countries, it would not be possible to maintain the Chilean regime as it stood at that point in time...
...Thus, it is likely that, through a policy of accelerated concentration of capital, new signs of intra-bourgeois violence will emerge...
...Inflation surges ahead uncontrollably, industry is disorganized and agriculture still suffering from three years of right-wing sponsored sabotage which disrupted the planting seasons...
...More pressure than evershould be exerted on governments to break off diplomatic relations with the Dictatorship and to stop all financial and military aid...
...FOOTNOTES 1. Saenz has been replaced in SOFOFA by Raul Sahli...
...We must wait until the revolutionary organizations in these countries can truly develop...
...Governments and friendly people have opened their embassies and countries to receive hundreds of politically persecuted individuals...
...In short, this resulted in the increasing lack of mass consumer goods on the internal market...
...We are now in the midst of making our own position known regarding our strategic objectives, our current tactics, and the manner in which we think that international solidarity should be built...
...In this sense, the conditions under which we act concretely on a day-by-day basis -- repression and clandestinity -- have a strong influence...
...The working class and the oppressed masses struggle not only against tyranny...
...Nevertheless, what is important to remember is that the government did not try to expand or convert existing industrial capacity in order to guarantee an increase in the supply of intermediary goods and capital...
...They turn off the radio when the national channel of the junta comes on...
...The people of Chile have a long and heroic history of struggle and unity...
...All the parties, including the MIR, find themselves today in a rather difficult situation because of the military coup d'etat...
...it is not possible to erase with the stroke of a pen what the peasantry has gained in difficult and prolonged combat...
...On the other hand, in the measure to which its practical opposition to the government's political economy increased its earnings, these bourgeois sectors, initially neutralized by the Unidad Popular, became increasingly more hostile to it...
...We never had any illusions about the chances of sustaining a popular regime as a totally isolated "island" in Latin America...
...8 (October 1973...
...Nationally, the economy is in shambles...
...This is the expression of Big Power politics imposed on the Chinese foreign policy, a policy which resembles that of the USSR for some years now...
...The government proceeded in this manner for the same reasons that it did not actively promote the transformation of the luxury goods industry.11 The UP's economic orientation called for nationalization of basic industries (copper, coal, steel, etc...
...The expropriation of the large private landholdings developed the peasantry as a social and productive force...
...The MIR leader denounced the corruption that is deeply dividing the officer corps...
...FOOTNOTES I. It should be noted that at least one major Chilean financial group attempted to work with the Unldad Popular government for at least a short period...
...Neither exploitation, nor repression, nor crime can smother what the working class has won in experience, in consciousness and in organization and what the dictatorship is not capable of destroying...
...2 The petit bourgeoisie, as well, has suffered under the Junta...
...BAUTISTA VAN SCHOWEN October 1973 Member of the Political Commission and the Central Committee of the Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR) Today in the hands of the gorilas...
...It is important to continue denouncing the crimes and violations of the Junta...
...With such a policy, the ruling class prematurely and precipitously sharpened the intrabourgeois contradictions, alienating wide sectorsof the petit bourgeoisie...
...The working day is arbitrarily lengthened, establishing a true system of forced labor...
...Within the unified Left, we are only trying to resolve practical problems that arise for the Resistance nationally or internationally...
...The Junta had a choice...
...Under the threat of death, torture, imprisonment or unemployment, new "productivity" norms are imposed on hundreds of thousands of miners, farmers, workers, technicians and professionals...
...imperial- ism, which since 1962-3 has systematically de- veloped its policy of reinforcing military forces in Latin America with military aid, and on the other hand, the actual economic expansion of imperialism on the continent, translated into an inter-penetration of the interests of the national bourgeoisies with those of U.S...
...In this way, it neutralized the government's policy of income distribution and also realized enormous profits...
...The choice of each method of struggle and the initiation of each phase of combat will be determined by the correlation of forces and of the organization that the people and revolutionaries achieve at each point...
...Jos6 Venturelli5 To The Workers, Revolutionaries And People Of The World I. A criminal alliance between the officer corps of the Armed Forces, the big domestic bourgeoisie and North American imperialism violently overthrew the Unidad Popular government, establishing a bloody gorila dictatorship in Chile...
...financial blockade of Chile during the years of the Unidad Popular government...
...This incapacity became evident when, as the class struggle increased bringing society to the brink of a total breakdown, the petit bourgeois sectors had only two alternatives...
...We will point out only that the government did not apply the necessary measures to capture and then reinvest the earnings which economic expansion placed in the hands of private enterprise...
...British workers, for example, have been exemplary in this respect...
...1 0 Without a doubt, the U.S...
...The people have had a severe blow...
...lomatic missions accredited in Chile...
...We are told that one Santiago poblador said, "They want to kill us by hunger...
...Brazilian sub-imperialism demonstrates both the integration of the Brazilian bourgeoisie's interests with the large international trusts, as well as the interests of Brazil as a great power seeking an increasing control over the countries of Latin America, economically and politically...
...And yet it was here that the UP encountered its greatest difficulties since it faced a serious balance of payments crisis...
...It goes back to our analysis of the situation in Latin America: on the one hand, U.S...
...LC: Concerning China, besides certain alterations in its foreign policy, rather visible in these last years, it doesn't seem to be very affected by events in Chile in the measure that what happens in Latin America does not concern it very much...
...This mass movement has not yet completely recovered from the orila's attacks...
...The Political Commission of the MIR delegated Enriquez with the mission of informing international public opinion on the state of the resistance struggle and the policies of the MIR...
...The same problem comes up in relation to the Chilean Left, and we must discuss it...
...1) SIGNIFICANCE OF THE POPULAR GOVERNMENT The three years of the Unidad Popular government represented a profound and historical change for Chilean society...
...In the fields, the worst grain harvest in the country's history is produced...
...Its character will not be determined by a few spectacular actions in which the masses are spectators...
...Enriquez clarified that the tactical goals of the first phase will only be reached if they are preceded by the successful preparation, organization and unity of and between each and every Left party in Chile...
...See NACLA's Latin America and Empire Report, Vol...
...The suppression of union and labor rights must be constantly denounced...
...It proposes, then, to defeat the dictatorship, liquidate its present instrumental bases of domination, root out the ideology at its foundation and the pathologies that it stimulates in the social character...
...The current phase is also one of preparing the party and clandestine mass organizations...
...This will permit us, in a second phase, to carry the struggle onto the terrain we truly want to take it...
...For us, the main task at the moment is the organization of the working class, the organization of popular sectors around the working class, sectors which are its natural allies...
...LC: We think that the main problem is knowing how to combine a revolutionary line based on clandestine work and the preparation of armed struggle, with real mass work...
...and the walls of the Panamerican Highway awoke bombarded with red paint, without slogans, only stained the color of blood, entire blocks...
...It opens the doors of the country to the hunger of transnational conglomerates...
...Only in this way will the tyranny fall into the most absolute public condemnation and isolation...
...Thus, the Tupamaros themselves, after 1972, had to engage in a self-criticism of their position...
...Subversive phrases are printed with a homemade gummed stamp...
...On the other hand, it permits the establishment of a truly coordi-20 General Augusto Pinochet nated revolutionary movement in Latin America...
...THE POPULAR RESISTANCE WILL TRIUMPH...
...The principal reason is that Chinese interests are not threatened by the military Junta in the same way that they were not during the UP...
...The Christian Democratic Party again finds itself at a critical juncture...
...A part of these plans were the economic blockade and sabotage, the financial boycott and the concerted action of the transnational corporations, which constituted a new form of intervention by imperialism...
...there are also political problems...
...The international situation, the Dictatorship's policy, the heightened intra-bourgeois struggle, the Chilean institutional traditions and the tradition of worker militancy, as well as the potential strength of the revolutionary mass movement, open the historic possibility of generating a broad social bloc...
...Thus the overthrow of the UP government has created a central task for the bourgeoisie: the re-orientation of capital toward productive activities...
...For them there will be no marches, no banners, no speeches...
...We think that within those parties there are forces capable of arriving at a unitary conception...
...Orlando Saenz's exit from the government a few months ago is a good demonstration of this conflict...
...We do not have to recall the basic fact that the bourgeoisie withheld new investments...
...These are just a few of the points presented in Ruy Mauro's article...
...We must go on...
...Obviously, political reasons alone could explain this since the Chilean bourgeoisie (and this is still more evident for foreign groups) cons is te ntly refused, from the start, to collaborate with the Allende government.' Nevertheless, there were also purely economic reasons to explain why the bourgeoisie abstained from any type of productive investment, and these reasons have much to do with the political economy of the Popular Unity government...
...All vestiges of fascism should be eliminated in order to build the authentic democracy that the country needs--so that this spectre can never again materialize over the Chilean people...
...This was his thought...
...They will, therefore, not reject dissemination of their own program or of their independent propaganda...
...Here, those who suffer most from ill-effects are the low income groups, particularly unskilled workers and low-level white collar workers (empleados) as well as the poor sectors who do not have a regular income...
...6. See Chile Hoy (Santiago...
...The delegations of thieving liars dispatched throughout the world by the Junta, these heralds of crime and deception, must be met with counter- demonstrations demanding their expulsion from the countries they visit...
...At the same time, they decreed an exhorbitant price hike as an incentive to production, increasing the profits of the propertied classes while depressing salaries, wages and drastically lowering the standard of living of the workers and the petit bourgeoisie...
...On the other hand, the Soviet Union had at stake not only the situation of the Chilean Communist Party, but also its global policy which it is trying to spread throughout the world in favor of peaceful coexistance...
...PHOTO CREDITS Cover: Chas Gerretsen, Gamma p.3: Liberation News Service p.4: Graphic by Jose Venturelli in Chile: Ein Schwarzbuch (Koln: Pahl-Rugenstein), 1974 p.11: From Chile: Ein Schwarzbuch p.16: David Burnett, Gamma p.20: Chas Gerretsen, Gamma p.22: Chas Gerretsen, Gamma p.29: From Chile: Ein Schwarzbuch Unofficial translation of the document, "Declaration of the Chilean Left," by Tricontinental News Service.s18 Revolution Is The Art Of Uniting The Forces Of The People The following article was excerpted from an interview with Luis Cerda, the MIR's representative in Europe...
...Under these circumstances, the most efficient method of defending the poor's level of consumption rested not in rationing, as a certain sector of the government believed,' but in the creation of a system of distribution which would curtail established commerce's possibility of acting as a center of hoarding and speculation...
...We must argue different viewpoints, and, in the last analysis, the attitude which these forces adopt on concrete, political questions...
...and, on the other, by the relative inelasticity in the supply of intermediary goods and equipment...
...MIR poster on a Santiago wall: "Soldier, don't let them force you into this again...
...Understanding must be reached in this area...
...The pobladores who have known the crimes, massive raids and the razing of entire neighborhoods are reorganizing and lend their support to the struggle against the dictatorship...
...We support these forces and their struggle for socialism...
...But now, more unified than before...
...To accomplish this task the people are reorganizing their political and social forces under severe conditions of repression...
...It is also due to the fact-and this is how one can understand why parliamentary tradition could be broken-that within the bourgeoisie a hegemonic faction, represented by the big bourgeoisie, has arisen, thus closing a stage of intra-bourgeois struggles which began, as we have seen, during the 1960s...
...At the same time they squander the small resources that the country commands, directing the highest percentage of the National Budget ever known to military expenditures, that is to say, to the maintenance of the apparatus of terror and the acquisition of new and modern armaments that permit them to repress the people in the most brutal way, to strengthen the new axis formed with Brazilian sub-imperialism and to justify the geo-political fantasies of the Chief of the junta...
...VICTORY WILL BE OURS...
...The desperate action of seeking external financial mechanisms to ease the situation of foreign revenue payment is developed by coming to an understanding with international monopolies, by de-nationalizing various industries and by searching for some disguise by which to hand over the real control of Chilean copper to the large Northamerican corporations...
...Nevertheless, given the conditions under which this occurred-the absence of investments which would assure a real growth in installed capacity--industrial expansion would quickly reach its limits...
...The MIR has only lost three members of its Central Committee: two were imprisoned and are dead, and only one deserted the struggle and went into exile...
...Obviously, we try to show the petit bourgeoisie, and even some sectors of the middle bourgeoisie, that this military Junta is not in their class interests...
...Various factors led to this situation: the withdrawal of private foreign capital and the financial boycott established by the U.S...
...In them rests the strength to annihilate the dictatorship...
...The primary objective of revolutionaries and the vanguard is to prepare the historical conditions for the isolation and defeat of tyranny and the conquest of power by the proletariat and the people...
...They will not achieve their objective...
...As for the Political Commission, we must note and deplore the arrest of Bautista van Schowen...
...Quite simply, the lower the wage level, the harder it is to get by...
...6. Andean Times [London], March 15, 1974...
...And, in the absence of a revolutionary response by the working class, it is through this mechanism that capital can unite the basic conditions for the victory of fascism: the cohesion of the bourgeoisie, the opposition of large sectors of the petit bourgeoisie to the working class and the winning over or neutralization of popular sectors who, in other circumstances, would be certain allies of the proletariat...
...1973...
...Of course, its search for an agreement with certain sectors of the national bourgeoisie influenced its decision...
...It is necessary to organize the struggle and resistance against gorilismo...
...There is much to be done to support the resistance in the struggle against the Dictatorship...
...3 While the Junta is backed by the big bour- geoisie, the U.S...
...And it is ready to make its interests prevail over the remainder of society at any costs...
...Even if this development is a sign of some weak- ness on the part of the Junta, we absolutely must not assume that this guarantees a strengthening of the revolutionary forces...
...The Politics of the Big Bourgeoisie As succulent as were the profits from speculation for the bourgeoisie and as much as speculation corresponds to a normal activity of the capitalist economy, it cannot indefinitely displace capital accumulation in the field of production...
...After denouncing the role played by former President Eduardo Frei and the Christian Democratic Party [PDC] in aiding and abetting the reactionary coup plotters, Enriquez pointed out that many honest, progressive Christians, members of the PDC, are currently struggling against the military regime...
...The third and most important reason is due to the huge development in consciousness and organization which occurred within the mass movement during the period of Popular Unity government...
...There is no way to re-live, under these circumstances, the experience of the deposed Unidad Popular government...
...I (July-September 1973), 106-123...
...It expresses the decision of the large national and foreign capitalists not to permit that revolution in Chile...
...We had hoped that China would take the same actions as the Soviet Union...
...We must create the conditions for a revolutionary movement capable of confronting national and foreign capital in Latin America...
...We believe that this phenomenon is quite important, but that in po- litical life things never happen automatically...
...The greater part of the measures proposed by this national and foreign big bourgeoisie was detrimental to the mass consumer market and negatively affected the industry producing these goods...
...We are currently attempting to reorganize the mass movement, to reorganize the working class, to give the masses a chance to impose their line...
...In this regard we must think not only of possibilities, but also in terms of concrete situations...
...We are not willing to fight on a battlefield chosen by the Dictatorship...
...Some two hundred officers and soldiers of FACH (Chilean Air Force) were detained upon the discovery on May 2nd of an act of sabotage at the air base, el Bosque...
...To accompany the growth of demand, production of mass consumer goods would therefore have to count on the importation of raw materials, intermediary goods and capital and, above all, investments which would increase the productive capacity and, in a certain measure, permit the conversion of a part of the luxury goods industry into a capital goods industry...
...A vast and powerful massive movement of solidarity has been developing on all continents...
...This tragic unfolding of what used to be called the "Chilean road to socialism" represents but another stage in the Chilean class struggle beginning in the Sixties, and it cannot be understood if we do not use this period as our point of reference...
...The people's martyrs already number more than 30,000...
...We will reorganize the CUT, the unions, the federations in spite of the dictatorship and against it...
...the emergence of a constellation of middlelevel worker cadres, uncompromised by reformism...
...The organization of committees against price rises and lay-offs must be pushed decisively...
...We believe today that not the Christian Democratic Party itself, but sectors of Christian Democrats, must unite with the resistance...
...They were not ready to move to a higher form of struggle...
...It would be an error to think that this political economy has only a temporary character, as some would have us believe...
...Thousands of workers have been fired from the factories...
...On the one hand, it lessened the intra-bourgeois contradictions over the appropriation of profits...
...They speak of hunger...
...When, at the beginning, the situation in Chile was totally favorable for preparing for armed struggle, most of the Left parties remained under the illusion that they could maintain, in an undefinable fashion, the mass struggle within the framework of [bourgeois] institutions...
...The armed junta that has usurped the government thinks with its brutality it can destroy the people and silence the voice, always generous and brave, of a Chile that is suffering...
...The military Junta which took over the government in September 1973 revealed its class character by handing over the formulation of its political economy to Fernando Leniz, ex-president of El Mercurio who is closely tied to infamous North American and Chilean financial groups...
...The Chilean coup, that in Bolivia and Uruguay, and the reactionary movement in Argentina, show that we must struggle against forces organized at an international level, not only against the national forces of each particular country...
...8 (October 1973)] have documented the U.S...
...b) to constitute the political front of the anti-Dictatorship resistance, incorporating the entire Left and a sector of the Christian Democratic Party (the democratic petit bourgeoisie...
...In practice, the struggle of the masses to regain their political and social rights has already been initiated...
...So great is the repression, however, that the Junta cannot prevent it from becoming international news...
...We think that the main form of struggle is armed struggle...
...The infamous December 1971 "march of pots and pans" which joined a sector of the petit bourgeoisie with the fascist-prone lumpenproletariat for the first time in the streets of Santiago, demonstrated this point...
...Q: How does the MIR view China's and the USSR's position vis-a-vis the Junta...
...It will grow until it becomes the broadest movement in the history of the Chilean social struggle...
...But it is no less certain that today the workers and the masses are paying dearly for the consequences of the political line which they fostered...
...The Chilean process demonstrates clearly the incapacity of the petit bourgeoisie to solve the problems of capitalist development once a sector of large capitalists with perfectly defined interests emerges...
...And, as a recent joint communique of the National Liberation Movement [Tupamaros] of Uruguay, Movement of the Revolutionary Left [MIR] of Chile, National Liberation Army [ELN] of Bolivia and the People's Revolutionary Army [ERP] of Argentina, pointed out, "We have discovered through our own experience the international nature of our struggle, recognizing that we must oppose the united imperialist, capitalist enemy with the strongest unity of our people...
...WORKERS ALL AROUND THE WORLD SUPPORT US...
...6) UNITY AGAINST FASCISM Fascism has forced the country to return to a state of barbarism...
...The peasants' years of struggle for the land and elimination of the Latifundios have not been in vain...
...Having large sums of ready capital at its disposal, due to its decision not to invest in production, it turned to hoarding and black market operations in goods from cars to cigarettes...
...The MIR was constructed -- and its cadre formed -- as a party which could struggle in all eventualities and at all levels of the class struggle...
...All our effort at this time is aimed at assuring that this collaboration can be translated into concrete results...
...Subscriptions: $10 per year for individuals (518 for two years...
...Wages and salaries have been re-adjusted by approximately 300 percent but the Junta itself foresaw, for 1973, an inflation of close to 600 percent...
...This was clear for us from the start of the Popular Unity government...
...In effect, the increase in the working day and the decrease in salaries are measures which interest all the bourgeoisie...
...All this has led to a climate of general discontent...
...OUR STRUGGLE WILL END WHEN THE ARMED PROLETARIAT SEIZES POWER...
...Despite its declarations, the military Junta has taken the public administration as its war spoils, filling public posts with active or retired military personnel who have no merit other than their uniform and their eagerness to serve the repressive ultra-reactionary objectives of the Junta...
...We believe that all forms of struggle must be employed...
...I feel that the Junta's difficulty in destroying the forces of the Chilean Left is the most important sign...
...Now we are taking a step forward...
...Many of its leaders have collaborated with the fascists...
...Secret Memos from ITT," NACLA's Latin America and Empire Report, Vol...
...Since they stand at the head of the capitalist forces and orient the development of the system as a whole, their politics tend to coincide with the objective tendencies pushing dependent capitalism ahead, converting it into an increasingly exploitative system as well as one which excludes ever greater numbers of people...
...We had to take the international situation into account and prepare for the future...
...Left: Sergio Onofre Jarpa, President of the National Party Right: Orlando Saenz, ex-president of SOFOFA We have already seen how this presupposes an increased exploitation of labor or, what amounts to the same thing, the generation of a higher level of surplus value for the capitalist...
...By doing this, it has placed a large sector of the capitalist class into contradiction with the military government...
...Without any doubt, the struggle of the Chilean people will have to be a long one...
...Did the UP's economic policy correctly predict the consequences of such a policy...
...The popular workers' movement suffered an enormous blow...
...3) the creation of the first embryos of the People's Revolutionary Army, the military organization of the resistance, that should include everyone willing to engage in military struggle against the regime...
...Their class character is also demonstrated when they apply, with an iron fist, the economic measures demanded (in the pages of El Mercurio) by the big bourgeoisie...
...In seeking these objectives, new forms of struggle have evolved in addition to older forms such as strikes, sudden stoppages and sit-downs...
...At this moment we maintain fraternal relations with all the parties of the Chilean Left, trying to create the most favorable conditions for ideological and political debate, with the goal of finding a common ground more solid than before...
...This coordination has a dual significance: on the one hand, it responds to the objective conditions of the situation in Latin America -a more and more powerful internationalization of the revolutionary struggle...
...We must seek in each concrete situation the forms with which we will be able to develop a mass resistance in Chile, a mass resistance Which is capable of creating an armed power able to face and crush the military apparatus of the bourgeoisie and imperialism...
...This struggle will be unceasing, constantly expanding to ever-larger sectors of the population...
...This international repudiation has so panicked the dictators that they are unable to administer the affairs of their country...
...It is a question of being truly linked to the mass movement, of debating the direction and leadership of that movement with the perspective of systematically leading the mass movement to the arena of armed struggle...
...2) THE ERUPTION OF FASCISM: ITS CRIMINAL, EXPLOITATIVE, DEPENDENT NATURE The fascist junta smashes the very institutionality that the bourgeoisie created and claimed to defend...
...The most spectacular action on the first of May was carried out by a MIR commando, that painted the party's insignia on none other than the official car of General Sergio Arellano, chief of the Second Santiago Division and nicknamed "the Jackal of the North" for the executions he ordered on a tour of that zone last November...
...And that is the cutting edge.24 Bautista Van Schowen: "The People Will Bring Their Enemies To Justice" What follows is an excerpt from a document written by Bautista van Schowen, member of the Political Commission and the Central Committee of the MIR...
...All of those who develop this democratic and popular consciousness and who are not stained with the bloody bestiality have a place in the anti-fascist movement...
...Evidence of opposition to the dictatorship is also appearing among wide sectors of small proprietors, businessmen and industrialists...
...But we must develop this point: for us, ideological struggle is very important, and we have always engaged in it, but it is not the only area in which to develop our relations with the organizations of the Left...
...Our duty is to remain here, together with the working class and the exploited masses, to confront repression and to lead the revolutionary struggle against the military Dictatorship...
...The motor force behind this change was the UP-promoted redistribution of income in favor of wage workers...
...Finally, the UP was profoundly convinced that, by increasing the State's participation in the field of production, the government would be able to direct the activity of private entrepreneurial groups by employing the normal instruments of political economy...
...The world can mobilize with urgency to save the lives and liberty of all of them...
...In addition to expressing his confidence in the overwhelming desire of the Chilean Left parties to reach unity, Enriquez said that the creation of the Political Front of the Chilean Resistance is the strongest aspiration of the Chilean workers and peasants...
...The struggle for the most immediate needs25 will rally vast sectors of the population...
...militarily controls the universities...
...Over the last years, China has retreated in relation to Latin America...
...With this, he added, the Left will be able to resume leadership of the working class and the people in these difficult moments imposed on us by the counter-revolution...
...5. The Communist Party, MAPU and the left-wing of the Socialist Party...
...All this tends to create the conditions for the development of a class struggle in Latin America with an international character...
...It is true that many members and leaders of these political tendencies courageously stood up to the gorilas and many fell, heroically fighting shoulder-to-shoulder with the workers...
...The armed struggle must consider the mood, consciousness, capacity and willingness of the masses to develop forms of armed struggle.This is especially important in building both the clandestine resistance movement against the Dictatorship and the people's army to confront the military Dictatorship in multiple battles and in the prolonged war until it creates the correlation of forces that allows for the final offensive -the overthrow of the Dictatorship and the conquest of power by the workers...
...It was for this reason alone that the bourgeoisie fought with such rancor the centers of supply and prices (Juntas de Abastecimlento y Preclos, JAP), the popular stores, the communal commands of food supply and other organizations of this nature...
...THE WORKERS OF THE ENTIRE WORLD SHOULD DENOUNCE AND FIGHT THE JUNTA...
...This task of destruction is carried out by reducing real salaries and generating, whether by ideological persecution or by means of economic recession, the highest level of unemployment known to date...
...For example, in early June, the Junta participated in a meeting of copper producing countries held in Zambia...
...Our aim in this regard is to establish bases for real international action...
...The task of destroying fascism grows out of the profoundly democratic tradition of the proletariat and of the rest of the sectors of the people...
...In a cynical public declaration, the junta announces that 1974 will be "the worst year in the history of Chile," declaring with the backing of their guns that the whole population should perform "sacrifices...
...The main features of the class struggle in Chile over the past three decades, according to the author, are the struggle between the bourgeoisie as a unified force against the working class and the internal struggle which developed within the bourgeoisie itself This latter conflict pitted the large bourgeoisie (those with monopoly interests, inexorably tied to foreign imperialism) against sectors of the medium and small bourgeoisie...
...But this is secondary...
...The struggle against the gorila dictatorship is the common factor which mobilizes the most diverse sectors of the population, whose interests are not otherwise identical...
...They are desperate," said a poblador, "because the only ones that are well off are those with connections, the managers and the capital- ists...
...For us, the problem is different...
...Letters should be sent to all sectors of the Chilean population, encouraging the resistance...
...Most of the organizations which formed the UP, such as, for example, the Communist Party, are forced today to reconsider their analysis of the situation, and to look for new paths if they want to remain faithful to their expressed desire during the Allende government to build socialism in Chile...
...It has an uncompromised history of struggle and, therefore, the military Dictatorship cannot implicate the MIR in the charges of corruption which it now levels at the parties and members of the UP government in the hopes of justifying its crimes...
...Only in the measure in which the working class, by placing itself at the head of all the people, prepares itself to destroy by force the regime of force imposed by the bourgeoisie and imperialism, only in this way can it now14 move beyond the reestablishment of bourgeois parliamentary democracy to construct a true democracy, proletarian and socialist...
...We do not think that it is necessary to take a step backwards in order to reach -- on any basis whatsoever -- an understanding with this sector...
...In this economy we see a return of the tendency which dominated the Chilean economy before 1970 and which we pointed out at the start of this essay: the restriction of the market for mass consumer goods, which depends on the purchasing power of the low income sectors, in benefit of an expansion in the area of luxury goods production which is buttressed by the high income groups.13 A dependent economy has its laws and the big bourgeoisie understands them perfectly...
...A recent study by the Morgan Guaranty Trust found that Chile will be the country most vulnerable to price rises in oil, with petroleum imports absorb- ing nearly 60 percent of its gross reserves of capital...
...For this reason, we call on workers, revolutionaries and all progressive sectors around the world to push forward more forcefully than ever the international struggle of support for the Chilean people and their popular resistance...
...We Latin Americans must have our own revolutionary line...
...Every right that is violated, every liberty repressed, every capitalist abuse, every military illegality, every murder and torture, every price rise, firing of workers or wage-cut should be converted into a banner of struggle against gorilismo and the military dictatorship...
...This committee should exert pressure so that the political trials be made pub- lic, so that the right to defense be respected...
...This also coincides with the real interests of middle sectors made up of professionals, small and medium merchants, etc...
...For us, it is political practice, the practice of the masses, which must, in the final analysis, define relations between the different organizations of the Left...
...3. See, in particular...
...In the basic industries controlled by the State, such as the coal mines of Concepcion and Arauco, they have imposed a system of forced labor which goes so far as to prohibit workers from leaving the zone without permission from the military authorities...
...Chilean revolutionaries know that now there's no alternative other than revolutionary armed struggle...
...It is necessary to create the conditions which will force the leftist movements of the socialist and the capitalist countries to take a position even if it is not the position they took at the beginning...
...These are gummed papers that can be held in the palm of the hand and glued easily onto posts, tree trunks and walls without anyone noticing...
...4 (April 1972...
...Under the blanket of terror which military-fascism has thrown over Chile, the old mole, of which Marx spoke...
...Today, this demand is more important than ever...
...On the contrary, they will tend to become more profound precisely because the hegemony conquered by the big bourgeoisie will permit the latter to impose its interests upon the other bourgeois sectors as well as the petit bourgeoisie in a much more brutal manner...
...on the other hand, we must count on favorable international attitudes...
...Thus it reaches all levels: the factories, the farms, the universities, the poblaciones...
...VIII, No...
...Enriquez affirmed that the Chilean people haven't abandoned the struggle and that the popular worker's resistance has taken important steps forward...
...and durable goods which are directed almost totally towards luxury consumption...
...In effect, by making use of idle capacity in the plants and stocks accumulated in the pre-1970 period (characterized, as we pointed out, by a recession in the consumer goods industry), industrial production was able to expand markedly...
...Luis Corvalan, Secretary General of the Communist Party...
...All this helped generate a powerful advance in the level of the mass movement in the city and the countryside which, besides provoking immediate economic demands, gave rise to their growing political radicalization...
...In effect, while the contradictions between the ruling class and the workers grow sharper, the policies of the big bourgeoisie tends to split the bloc of classes which supported the military coup, causing the divergent interests of the various bourgeois sectors to smash against each other as well as against the interests of the petit bourgeoisie...
...i.e., when these sectors disassociate themselves from the Junta and seem to be strongly discontented with it, we may be tempted to assume that the Junta is weakening and the revolutionary forces gaining strength...
...Placing unity as a task of the first priority, these parties have applied themselves to leading the struggle of the people of Chile that will culminate in the overthrow of the fascist gang that has usurped the government...
...It is becoming a clear truth for all that the repression can not act with impunity or without response and that with each step new contingents are added to the active resistance against fascism...
...This is not only caused by the destruction of the democratic veil with which capital had disguised its domination...
...And, in turn, this has had important repercussions abroad: the people of the world are demanding that their governments cut off all aid to the Dictatorship...
...The popular forces observe with interest the strengthening of the tendency of growing sectors of Christians to actively join the anti-fascist movement...
...Thus, its plans for "national reconstruction" will necessitate the destruction of "weaker" (i.e...
...ON THE CLANDESTINE RESISTANCE COMMITTEES The immediate task in Chile is to channel the immense popular discontent against the gorila dictatorship...
...imperialism's activities in Chile.11 In this issue of the Report we are presenting a variety of documents from the leftist and revolutionary forces inside Chile...
...The third point refers to the second aspect that I mentioned earlier...
...178-208...
...Only in this way will the people understand that the fight for democratic liberties and the defense of their rights is decided definitively only through the conquest of power and the construction of socialism...
...All this means that the class struggle is developing in Chile today without camouflage and, in a certain sense, in a simplified form...
...4 Furthermore, the country is expected to spend up to $800 million in 1974 for imports of wheat alone, and freight rates are up 15 per- cent to the United States and 30 percent to Europe...
...The flood also caused dangerous gases to accumulate in the numerous galleries and shafts of the mine, making it impossible to work in them...
...In the merchandise produced by artisans or small businessmen, the buyer finds hidden pamphlets and slogans...
...5 Internationally, the Junta is counting on loans and credits to overcome these economic ob- stacles and get it through the next two to three years...
...Eduardo Frei and his supporters, who led the party in the recent period, encouraged the coup, conspired with the fascists and today negotiate with them for positions of power...
...This expresses our intentions and our tactics today...
...Every arbitrary act must be countered by mass repudiation...
...imperialism...
...Q: In the last declaration of the National Secretariat of the MIR in January 1974, the question is raised of the necessity of giving birth to a "broad social bloc which, under the direction of the working class, will integrate all classes and exploited sectors oppressed by the military Dictatorship, principally broad sectors of the petit bourgeoisie, thus heightening the struggle to topple the Dictatorship...
...Persistent attempts to seek alliances with a sector of the bourgeoisie, in a period of rising worker militancy and extreme social polarization, weakened and disarmed the workers, thus lending strength and initiative to the bourgeois counter-revolution...
...In a press conference given in La Habana by Edgardo Enriquez Espinosa (brother of Miguel Enriquez, Secretary General of the MIR), the MIR announced that it would continue to commit all its energies to the constitution of the Political Front of the Chilean Resistance...
...In regard to the terror unleashed by Pinochet's regime, Enriquez stated that torture, rape and arbitrary imprisonment continue to be the order of the day in Chile...
...For that reason the MIR has established as a rule that no leader or member should seek exile...
...New Chile (Berkeley: NACLA...
...even passing the highly conservative "Edwards Group" in the process...
...Confronting a powerful enemy, it is not enough to decide to struggle if that decision is implemented through an infinity of individual acts, if the struggle lacks a unified leadership and organization, if it is not possible to centralize the creative initiative of the masses...
...For many reasons the class struggle is developing in Chile today in a radically different framework from that of 1970...
...The nationalization of the property of the transnational monopolies and the development of a truly sovereign and independent international policy brought the Chilean people face to face with Northamerican imperialism...
...The motors of six Hunter-Hawker planes, recently acquired by the junta, were filled with sand, wrecking their delicate and complicated machinery...
...This is not exactly the same thing as was said in the declaration of February 12, but it is not in contradiction with it...
...16 per year for non-profit institutions ($30 for two years...
...We will organize Resistance Committees in each factory, farm, poblacion and school...
...The workers, peasants, squatters (pobladores), students, soldiers, poor petty bourgeoisie, intellectuals, etc...
...A bus appears with scrawled lettering: "Gorilas, the resistance will triumph...
...The action of the traitor generals is, therefore, determined by the global strategy of large international capital-of which they are merely the policemen, put in charge of repressing the Chilean people...
...The military coup in Chile fits the model of the reactionary counter-offensive by imperialism in Latin America, whose object is to crush with blood and fire the development of popular struggles on the continent...
...Enriquez explained that the MIR is not rejecting its program for armed people's war, but considers that it would be a serious error to put this above the tremendous need to unify the Chilean Left in the struggle against the Dictatorship...
...We are speaking only of a first nucleus, one which will attract the revolutionary forces of other countries that are, for the moment, in difficult situations...
...Incorrigible left-wing reformism already is attempting to assign to the working class, as its exclusive task, the reestablishment of democratic liberties, as if with this things could return to what they were before the military coup...
...The course of Chilean economic development has been determined, to a large degree, by the force which emerges strongest in this intrabourgeois struggle (never forgetting the absolutely critical role played by U.S...
...government's support for the Chilean counter-revolution has raised the potential of building and uniting an anti-imperialist movement to a much higher level...
...A second reason is that the petit bourgeoisie has been forced to occupy a subordinate political position in the country...
...Its economic policies have tied it firmly to the monopoly sector of the bourgeoisie and foreign imperialism...
...Our first task is to push for the reorganization of the working class and the mass movement...
...The fact that when pressured by the workers in these latter firms, Allende's government expropriated many of them, does not change the picture since, when they became State property, they maintained their traditional lines of production...
...In the name of the workers and people of Chile, we are grateful for the solidarity that has been given us...
...To apply such a policy, the fascist generals have implanted a brutal repression within the Armed Forces...
...They announce the establishment of a "new order," which is nothing more than the way the junta tries to justify its determination to remain in power forever with the object of constructing a society in which the most elementary forms of democratic life, culture, the freedom to think and to determine the destiny of the country are forgotten...
...Its climatic conditions, the regime of seclusion and forced labor and the lack of medical attention, all aggravated by the nearness of the Antarctic winter, mean that the junta has condemned, in fact, the highest Chilean popular leaders and personalities at this concentration camp to a slow but certain death...
...The ruling class' incapacity to unite its forces and present a single candidate for the 1970 presidential elections was largely a product of this situation...
...But what effect did this blockade have on the class struggle within Chile...
...We are much more skeptical about such an analysis...
...The working day in factories and offices has been lengthened without a corresponding wage increase...
...For the petit bourgeoisie, the worker and the slum dweller (poblador) were physically identifiable competitors, beings of flesh and blood who had to be combatted and defeated...
...This spells super-exploitation for the workers...
...We work according to the actual conditions in which we find ourselves...
...The junta isolates Chile from traditionally friendly nations and hands itself over to Northamerican imperialism...
...For the working class, this represents a greater possibility of establishing alliances with new social groups, thereby broadening the bloc of classes which it leads, and of isolating more and more its principal enemy: the large national and foreign capitalists...
...China has adopted, at least as far as Latin America is concerned, a Big Power policy which doesn't correspond to one of proletarian internationalism...
...Speculation and Fascism After an initial period, the bourgeoisie took political advantage of this shortage in its campaign against the government...
...By the end of last year, however, mass discontent with the military Dictatorship had spilled out into the streets in a hundred different ways: wildcat strikes and slow-downs at construction and industrial sites, sabotage in the factories, sand poured into delicate Air Force jet engines, postage stamp-sized leaflets plastered onto bus seats, refusals to be conscripted into the armed forces, revolutionary slogans painted on the car doors of the military dictators [see "May First: A Day of Workers' Resistance," in this issue...
...It seeks to speed the process of rebuilding the large capitalist sectors of the economy by severely repressing the working class and obtaining large amounts of for- eign aid...
...WORKERS OF THE WORLD, THE POPULAR RESISTANCE OF CHILE WILL GROW AND STRENGTHEN ITSELF...
...It is clear-although space will not permit a lengthy analysis here-that in the end this mechanism could not triumph of its own accord...
...Rolls Royce workers at East Kilbride would not repair engines for the Chilean Air Force's Hawker Hunter fighters (which were sabotaged inside Chile...
...Must this broad social21 bloc of which this document speaks also integrate grass-roots sectors of the Christian Democratic Party [PDC], which has, it seems, been torn to shreds by the repressive policy of the Junta...
...In this case, pricing policy-which aids in the super-exploitation of labor--represents a fundamental element once the purchasing power of the masses is restricted (by devaluing salaries via prices) and they are no longer able to compete in the consumer goods market...
...In response, the Junta is frantically sending its representatives to all parts of the world in order to justify its brutal rule...
...Only the strength of the people, of the workers, of the empleados, farmers, peasants and students is invincible...
...Fidel Castro, September 28, 1973 The Chilean people are fighting back...
...4) THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE FASCIST BARBARISM There is no doubt that at this level of development of the fascist policies of the dictatorship, it cannot count the majority of the country on its side...
...Nevertheless, it does do more than simply reproduce a general aspect of fascism...
...In particular we urgently ask for a tremendous world effort demanding the freedom of Luis Corvalan, Clodomiro Almeyda, Anselmo Sule, Pedro F. Ramirez, Bautista van Schowen, Vicente Sotta and the rest of the prisoners on Dawson Island...
...The fascists have been given the job of destroying every democratic vestige that allows the people of Chile to express their protest and struggle...
...Soldier, don't fire on the people...
...But, because the Chilean working class is so well organized and politically conscious, the Junta has to employ a very high level of re- pression in order to maintain its control of the country...
...Pedro Aguirre Cerda, democratic teacher and visionary...
...The Popular Unity government had its reasons for acting in this manner...
...See, for example, New Chile (Berkeley: NACLA), 1973...
...Rather, it has a reduced productive base of intermediary goods (steel, etc...
...7. A word used in Spanish to describe the fascist sectors of the military...
...Editor's note) 4. Only in its last period did the UP government try to establish a differential readjustment of wages and salaries which would benefit those with a lower income...
...Its members are now some of the Junta's top economic advisors...
...National Secretariat of the Movement of the Revolutionary Left [MIR].9 Chile: The Political Economy of Military-Fascism Past publications of NACLA [especially New Chile and "Chile: The Story Behind the Coup," NACLA's Latin America and Empire Report, Vol...
...The proven torture and possible assassination of a Chilean popular resistance fighter should be used throughout the world against the Chilean gorilas...
...The coup which deposed the Unidad Popular government has ended, but the counter-revolution seeking to destroy the political power of the proletariat, continues to sweep the country...
...III...
...More than ever, there is a need for rallies and marches in support of the Chilean resistance...
...But we have no illusions about the possibilities of attracting this sector...
...Permanent counter-demonstrations should be conducted in front of all the Chilean Consulates and Embassies, unleashing a huge international campaign demanding that the Dictatorship lift the state of seige, do away with the War Councils, end the summary executions and premeditated assassinations, as well as the repression and tor- ture...
...Q: The present period is therefore one of re- organizing the working class, which was scattered when the repression began and which must now be restructured as a political class...
...The Committees have been extended, moreover, to large sectors of the petit bourgeoisie, to the small proprietors, merchants, bus and truck drivers....the same groups that carried out strikes and shutdowns against the government of Allende...
...Yet when the time came for the Chilean representative, Mining Minister General Yovane, to speak, copper was left behind and he used his time to defend the indefensible acts of his government...
...This tradition is today embodied by those fighting against the dictatorship-challenging the repression and the terror...
...Official silence surrounds.the causes of this flood-- the worst disaster recorded in the 108-year history of the mine...
...This is the big problem which has broken the back of practically every Left movement in Latin America...
...Together with the masses, we are forging a popular resistance to the bloody Dictatorship...
...After 1971, neither the overthrow of the Torres government in Bolivia nor the events in Uruguay surprised us, and we deliberately, consciously moved closer to those parties ideologically and organizationally similar to ours...
...No one can expect miracles in the Chilean situation...
...the parties, the organizations, will have to recuperate from the fascist onslaught...
...32 (January 19-25, 1973...
...It is crucial to continue the boycott of Chilean ships in foreign seaports, as well as the sabotage against arms shipments...
...To accomplish this, they proposed a wage policy which harmed the immense majority of the workers...
...2) the creation of the Popular Resistance Movement, which is defined as the organization of the grass-roots level of the Political Front of the Resistance...
...The attitude of firm and resolute solidarity in almost all the socialist countries constituted a hard blow against the fascist dictatorship on the international front...
...This was caused, on the one hand, by the exhaustion of idle capacity and accumulated stocks, aggravated by a decline in production which resulted from the employment of less efficient machinery as well as by the sabotage of the entrepreneurs...
...The situation of urban and rural workers and of the popular sectors in general has also worsened...
...of those five, four remain and continue their political work...
...This bloc, under the leadership of the working class, will integrate all classes and exploited sectors oppressed by the military Dictatorship, principally broad sectors of the petit bourgeoisie, thus heightening the struggle to topple the Dictatorship...
...c) to open itself up to all sectors of the working class and the unorganized masses -to the mass movement in its entirety -- and to incorporate them into the struggle against the Dictatorship, building the popular resistance movement, in each factory, farm, slum neighborhood, school, university and prison...
...Each day the necessity to shake themselves free of a domination that crushes and attempts to muzzle them becomes clearer...
...We demand of that sector a clear commitment to the resistance...
...In other words, the "economic reconstruction" of Chile, much hailed by the military-fascists, has therefore been openly given over to the big national and foreign capitalists...
...Advancing on the road of unity, we have decided to establish a permanent coordination of the Chilean left on the outside...
...The incorporation of lessadvanced sectors from the city and the countryside into political life...
...Our current policy is along these two lines: reorganization of the party, reorganization of the mass movement, in particular the workers' movement, in the face of new conditions of class struggle...
...This May ist they will be warned: THE PEOPLE WILL NOT BEG FOR WHAT HAS BEEN STOLEN FROM THEM...
...The day after the coup we immediately raised the question of the creation of coordination inside the country, but this problem has not been resolved yet...
...We want to go on to overt struggle and be able, at a given moment, to recapture the offensive...
...The unions and other outlawed popular organizations must organize secretly...
...Agitation and clandestine revolutionary propaganda will be tools for expressing the daily problems of the masses and must aid the development of resistance branches...
...This understanding must be reached in the arena of struggle directed by the mass movement with the working class and the revolutionary forces who direct the movement of the revolutionary masses...
...The most important thing for us, at this time, is the mass movement...
...Its attempts at autonomy, either through Allende-style reformism or as the institutional opposition headed by the Christian Democrats, resulted in a resounding failure, causing it to lose even those positions which, regardless of its ups and downs, it was able to conquer and maintain during the last decades...
...This class, on experiencing in its own flesh and blood the limits of the reformist program put forth by the Unidad Popular, is now in a privileged condition to throw off the yoke of reformism placed on its neck by the petit bourgeoisie nearly fifty years ago...
...As a result, there has been created among the Chilean people conditions for the coming together of vast sectors, including persons and groups that did not identify with the Popular Unity government...
...And, because of errors in government policy, the bourgeoisie was also able to win over to its side large sectors of the petit bourgeoisie and even demoralized some of the popular sectors...
...It is this challenge which today confronts the Chilean vanguard...
...Where terror has not NACLA'S LATIN AMERICA & EMPIRE REPORT Vol...
...But above all, many sectors of their membership and social base of support have already resolved this contradiction or are on the way to doing it, individually or collectively...
...THE POPULAR RESISTANCE AGAINST THE GORILA DICTATORSHIP WILL TRIUMPH...
...It was translated from the Bulletin du Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria [(Paris), No...
...An international committee to defend the human rights of Chilean political prisoners should be constituted, with grass-roots level branches and a permanent committee in Chile...
...Eager for revenge and emboldened by the bare sword placed at their disposal, the representatives of monopoly interests no longer place any limits on their exploitation of the workers...
...Since the gorilas deny having him in their possession, it is impossible to verify his fate...
...and preparation of international conditions favorable to broaching an open struggle against the Dictatorship...
...On the level of the Left as a whole, we find several concrete tasks that must be undertaken immediately, and to do so, cooperation is not only possible but necessary...
...In this way, we place in the hands of the workers and people of Chile and in the hands of the revolutionary and progressive forces all over the world a more effective instrument to face the requirements of the present moment...
...in other words, to re-activate the process of capital accumulation...
...More than 400 death sentences have already been handed down by the War Councils...
...The work-week has been extended, real wages cut, union organizations banned, worker and poblador [shanty-town] leaders arrested, tortured, assassinated, and hundreds of thousands of workers thrown out of their jobs...
...Ideological23 questions are only posed around very concrete problems that the resistance must face...
...Salaries fell at the same time that prices and unemployment rose...
...They could have placed themselves behind the working class-the only class, after October 1972, to present a. revolutionary solution to the contemporary crisis--or behind the big bourgeoisie and its military arm, thereby becoming a manipulated mass lending itself as a social base for military-fascism...
...In past NACLA publications we have demonstrated our solidarity with the Chilean people through our analysis of U.S...
...3) IMPERIALISM ORGANIZED THE COUP From the moment of the popular triumph in 1970, by means of plans prepared by the CIA and financed by the transnational companies, the sinister conspiracy that culminated in the assassination of President Allende in the bloody military coup of last September 11 was put into play...
...Fascism is beginning to reap the fruits of its policy of cruel exploitation of the working class, of the plundering of the weakest sectors of the bourgeoisie, of the criminal repression of the workers' and popular organizations, of the silencing of all expression of political life in the country...
...In other words, there are now sectors of the petit bourgeoisie who are totally dissatisfied with the Junta...
...Dependent on salaries for their livelihood and parties for their political expression, the petit bourgeoisie has been hit in both areas...
...Salvador Allende, first authentically popular President of Chile, consistent revolutionary and hero of the struggle for the peoples' independence, wrote the pages of that history...
...The military coup does not constitute a small hitch in the road to non-violent revolution...
...Only in this way will the Junta's difficulties and contradictions become unresolvable...
...It is in this second aspect that one discovers the clearest stamp of the big bourgeoisie on the political economy of the military regime...
...And, for a bourgeoisie, there is no political opposition better than that which can be done not only with impunity but also for the benefit of its own pocketbook...
...The fight for socialism continues in Chile, but on a vastly different level from that of September 1970...
...In order to understand the causes of this situation and, consequently, the political economy of Chilean military-fascism, it is necessary to begin our analysis in the period before the coup d'etat...
...We are fighting the gorilas head-on, and for that reason we have an enormous amount of moral and political authority in the eyes of the masses...
...Editor's note]May First: A Day of Worker Resistance "..they were throwing leaflets from buses, little birds flying in the proletarian night of the ist of May...hands which threw them in spite of everything...
...On the first wanted-list published by the Junta, five of the "most wanted" persons were from the MIR...
...Traditionally, Lota has been a center of leftist workers...
...The Resistance will win...
...Today the struggle to re-establish democratic liberties, the fight for the most elementary rights and the defense of the living standards of the masses, must be the focus of attention and combative unity of the immense majority of the population against the gorila regime, The struggle around these immediate tasks will prevent gorilismo from advancing its attempts to undercut the people's capacity for resistance and isolate the political vanguard from its base...
...The UP and its parties, at first struck and scattered by the repression, have already reorganized and are operating...
...It is not only in the working class and its parties that the conditions for struggle and victory mature...
...Thus, we must develop our po- litical work with this in mind...
...such is the case of Brazil, Peru, Paraguay...
...Among them are Miguel Enriquez, Victor Toro, Pascal'Allende and others...
...The formation of an area of socially-owned industrial property and the placing of the financial system under state control displaced the monopoly bourgeoisie from their leading role...
...sponsored coup in Chile was not an isolated event but rather a concerted attack against revolutionaries and progressives throughout the continent...
...Many of them were not able to understand how their objective interests coincided with the Popular Government and its program...
...it also has other obligations and tasks, such as relating to the legal organizations that still exist in the midst of the oppressive orila regime -- with unions, federations, neighborhood councils, mothers' centers, etc...
...Dawson Island has been converted into a true experiment camp...
...All democrats are today against the dictatorship, whatever their ideological, religious or cultural definition...
...we ask all the workers, revolutionaries and progressives of the world to accelerate the campaign to stop his torture...
...Editor's note] 2. In general, this was analyzed by Cristian Sepulveda and myself in "La politica economica de la 'via chilena...
...The military dictatorship is their last recourse...
...WE WILL TAKE IT BACK IN STRUGGLE...
...The armed struggle will not be one of vanguards...
...MIR The afternoon paper "La Segunda" (of the "El Mercurio" chain) published the following paragraph in its April 30th edition: "In different parts of Santiago, pieces of paper a little bigger than stamps, have appeared with articles alluding to the Day of the Workers...
...The re-establishment of democratic expression at a grass-roots level and free election of leaders must be pressed for immediately...
...Furthermore, within the Armed Forces themselves there are soldiers, non-commissioned officers and even officers who are acquiring growing consciousness of the criminal and bestial role that fascism demands them to play...
...this means that we cannot rely solely on the revolutionary centers, the strongholds of the Left...
...In this sense, we are developing a mass practice with a specific goal, one which we hide from no one, from no political party...
...International solidarity has been a powerful moral endorsement for the Chilean people in their fight against brutal repression, has had repercussions also in the internal isolation of fascism, and has been able to stop, on many occasions, the hand of the executioners...
...And, in the same framework, one can better understand the10 victory obtained by the coalition of worker and petit bourgeois parties, the Popular Unity (Unildad Popular, UP), which elected Salvador Allende to the presidency of Chile...
...We feel that their analysis will help clarify the nature of the Junta, the resistance struggle and the road which lies ahead...
...What does the MIR think of the latest declarations of the Unified Secretariat of the Resistance in Rome...
...The proletariat and other oppressed groups have the obligation to assure through independent organization, propaganda and program, their own autonomy within the anti-gorila resistance front...
...WE MUST SUPPORT THE CHILEAN POPULAR RESISTANCE...
...The operation extends 6 kilometers below the bottom of the Pacific ocean...
...This defeat reflected the historic error of reformist politics...
...The immediate objectives of the popular resistance against the Dictatorship are: a) to push forward the struggle for a minimal program, demanding the reestablishment of democratic freedoms as well as raising the standard of living of the masses by way of a struggle for wage raises equal to the 100 percent rise in the cost of living...
...Because this constitutes one of31 the MIR's principle positions, the MIR will take all necessary steps to put it into practice...
...But the Junta has also been weakened by a series of internal conflicts and contradictions which have grown sharper since the coup...
...This second point is the more important in order to understand the economic crisis which took place at the end of 1972...
...5) THE PEOPLE ARE PRESENT The working class and the Chilean people feel today in their own flesh the effects of a policy based on their exploited labor, on the violent decrease in their living standard and on generalized repression, the object of which is the recuperation of economic power by the groups fascism represents...
...Solidarity with Chile has become a factor unifying broad ideological, political and social sectors in the different countries, expressed in huge numbers of mass actions, in public statements, in permanent campaigns demanding the end of the terror, freedom for the political prisoners, and the closing of the concentration camps...
...The counter-revolution has signified the destruction of 50 years of workers' advances...
...In the weeks to come the Dictatorship will renegotiate its foreign debt with the United States, Japan and the European countries, trying to arrange favorable conditions in order to develop an economic policy based on misery and superexploitation for the masses...
...For these reasons, fund raising campaigns for the resistance are a task of primary importance...
...They must carry the burden of an economic and political repression that is growing in a syncronized way-carrying social decay, misery and uncertainty to wider and wider sectors of the population...
...LC: Of course...
...Today the popular and anti-fascist forces are in a better situation than in the first moments of the criminal repression...
...Q: what are the principal obstacles to the establishment of a coordinated resistance movement, especially taking into consideration the particular political, economic and structural conditions of Chile...
...In mass transit vehicles, anti-gorila posters have appeared...
...5. Latin America [London], February 15, 1974...
...When the mass movement was most weakened by the murders and terror, resistance to the Junta was isolated, uncoordinated, but no less courageous...
...To quote the official MIR introduction to this document: "....We are doing all that the present situation will allow us to do...
...The Dictatorship is trying, albeit in a rather clumsy way, to provoke us into a level of combat for which we are not really prepared...
...Worldwide personalities, heads of governments and political parties, church leaders, and even the Secretary General of the United Nations have taken part in these actions...
...The working class and the people ardently push for the broadest unity with all sectors of the population who are willing to join the resistance struggle against the gorilas...
...VII, No...
...The refusal by numerous governments to recognize the Junta, the breaking off of diplomatic relations, various forms of diplomatic pressure, attitudes of certain international organizations, conditions and limitations put on financial aid, as well as protest strikes, the refusal to unload Chilean ships in foreign ports, sabotage directed against arms shipments, the rallies and marches against the Dictatorship in different cities of the world, the pressure exerted on various governments to take a strong stand against the Junta, the many forms of propaganda being distributed abroad, denouncing the crimes of the Dictatorship -- the systematic violation of human rights, the reign of terror and misery imposed by the officer corps of the Armed Forces -- all of this has strengthened the resistance struggle and has weakened the stability of the military Dictatorship...
...Socialist Party of Chile Communist Party of Chile Christian Left MIR MAPU Worker and Peasant Radical Party MAPU From left to right in the photo: Carlos Altamirano, Secretary General of the Socialist Party...
...It disregards the right of asylum and protection, violates diplomatic immunity, shoots murderously into dip...
...But in spite of all its efforts at destroying the MIR's organizational structure, the Junta has not succeeded...
...The regrouping of social forces must be around a clear, revolutionary position...
...Considering the intensification of contradictions and class struggle in Chile today, such a centrist line seems to us absolutely unjustifiable...
...It did not pretend to substitute the models for vehicles with a greater social utility...
...Massive torture of all prisoners is the normal practice of the represive apparatus of the Armed Forces, Carabineros and Police...
...This is why we are obliged to maintain a certain degree of cooperation among ourselves...
...President Salvador Allende30 Unity on the Left The following interview with Edgardo Enriquez Espinosa, member of the Political Commission of the MIR, was received with the cooperation of Prensa Latina as this issue of the Report was going to press...
...The most visible and obvious expression of this policy is Brazil, which since the military coup of 1964 has built a sub-imperialist system...
...LC: The contradictions within the Left parties are not fully developed...
...thousands of public employees are without work...
...WE WILL DRAG THE ASSASSINS FROM POWER...
...To do this, obviously, we must be well-prepared to be capable of broaching an open armed struggle against the Dictatorship and to assure the conditions for leading that struggle...
...What the working class needs to carry out this task is to translate its class interests into revolutionary politics and to implement these politics on the basis of objective conditions created by the new level of the class struggle...
...This conglomerate of social sectors whose leading group retained for three decades, even during the UP government, a privileged position within the State apparatus has experienced a bitter defeat...
...Among the peasantry it becomes increasingly evident that the demagogic policy of giving away a few individual titles of property Is nothing but a cover for a policy of returning the expropriated28 estates and restoring economic power to the landlords...
...But it is also due to the growth of the mass movement which has revitalized the working class...
...31 (January 12-18, 1973) and No...
...Before foreign correspondents in Cuba, he made reference to the present situation of the MIR, the advances being made by the resistance, the program and tactical goals of his organization and an analysis of the gradual deterioration of the military regime...
...2 (April/May 1974), 21-30], and first appeared in the French periodical, Liberation . QUESTION: What kind of situation do the Chilean people and the Resistance face six months after the coup...
...With each day the workers and popular masses are dragged further into misery, unemployment, to jail, torture and death...
...The simple fact that this greatly affected the interests of the Soviet Union and the European Communist Parties (French and Italian) has obliged the USSR to adopt a very firm position, a little like posting a warning against other attempts [at counterrevolution] by the big national and foreign capitalists...
...Interestingly, when this group changed its initial policy of selling its stocks to the government, it shifted rapidly to the Right...
...I have the feeling that revolutionary parties and Left parties in general are too worried about what the Soviet Union or this or that socialist country generally thinks about the situation of these countries...
...From the moment the Junta revealed itself for what it is -- as an expression of large foreign capital -it was clear that it could not expect real support from the people...
...Those actively participating in this struggle, far from falling prey to depression or negativism, clearly perceive the strength of their forces and the brightness of the future even though they know that the fight will be a long and hard one...
...For indeed, the U.S...
...On the basis of this organization, it will be possible to initiate the construction of the people's army and to move on, incorporating the masses into the field of struggle and armed resistance...
...imperialism in the coup in three areas: military, intelligence, and Embassy/ State Department...
...4. Noticias [New York...
...to regroup the Left around a policy that allows it to effectively combat the Dictatorship until it is overthrown, thus opening the road to the independent struggle of the workers...
...On the other side of the coin, these measures harm all salaried groups equally, whether proletariator petit bourgeoisie...
...Leaflets appear downtown: "The state of war signifies murder, repression and dictatorship to silence every kind of liberty...
...VIII...
...At one point, Pique Grande was under more than 6 meters of water and the pumping and ventilation chamber, vital to the functioning of the mine are still submerged...
...For us, the question at the mo ment is one of reorganizing the working class, and of reorganizing and joining to the working class the popular sectors, its natural allies...
...In the midst of difficult conditions imposed by fascism and surrounded by the solidarity of the masses, the popular parties increase their level of organization and leadership...
...1 While Saenz, head of the Chilean Industrialists' Association [SOFOFA] under the Unidad Popular government, was one of the UP's fiercest enemies, he represented the interests of a certain sector of the national bourgeoisie which needed some protection from foreign capital in order to grow...
...Through such measures, the large, medium and small capitalists are benefited since they all receive a greater rate of surplus value...
...and the large firms producing consumer goods (textiles, food...
...Today, a broad and combative unity against the gorilas is the most essential task...
...In this last aspect, the objective of this bourgeois sector was a regressive re-distribution of income which would increase the purchasing power of the high income groups, the slightly more than 5 percent of the consumers capable of purchasing their products...
...It is the general form that the mass move ment adopts at a given moment in its development when the contradictions which exist within the national and imperialist ruling classes are sufficiently developed...
...But it is not only this which demonstrates the class character of the military-fascist regime...
...Facing the Blockade...
...9. Chile Fights [London], No...
...For this reason, the polarization of the class struggle will mean its intensification on all levels...
...We believe, along with Fidel Castro, that revolution is the art of uniting the forces of the people...
...A period of industrial growth, occurring after the Forties, and the increased penetration of foreign capital, in the following decade, helped to crystalize a sector of the bourgeoisie with an increasingly narrow field of interests...
...This contrasts with the role of many of their leaders, who since the beginning condemned the coup and joined the great anti-fascist task...
...Without a doubt, Chilean revolutionaries will react, organizing themselves and fighting fascism without rest...
...For that reason, my party has sent me abroad -- not to deliver tearful, sorrowful messages, but rather to speak of our optimism, our hope and our struggle...
...Thus, by unifying the capitalists, polarizing the petit bourgeoisie, and sowing depression in the midst of the people, speculation was converted into the weapon par excellence of fascism...
...We greatly regret the Chinese position, but in a certain way, we understand the reasons why China has adopted that attitude...
...More than 40,000 people are being held in prisons and concentration camps set up by the dictatorship throughout the country where they are subjected to inhumane conditions and torture...
...This has alienated it from the social base it had at the beginning, at the time of the coup...
...Yet these public relations journeys have only provided a clearer picture of the orilas...
...The junta is trying to consolidate the terror and turn it into a permanent way of life for the people of Chile...
...In the name of the struggle against the Dictatorship, the proletariat must not discard the forms of struggle most adequate to achieving the annihilation of the gorilas...
...This means that if there is no revolutionary political line that presents itself clearly and openly, this kind of conflict, or contradiction within the Junta, will not lead to a strengthening of the revolutionary camp...
...In fact, these are now sharper than ever...
...If it is certain that the big bourgeoisie embodies the interests of the bourgeoisie as a class, it is no less certain that it can grow only at the expense of the great majority of the capitalists...
...The mass movement must organize and resist in accordance with the new circumstances...
...and, greater willingness on the part of the workers to organize themselves to fight the Dictatorship...
...closes the Parliament and the Municipalities...
...It could prevent the assassination of a young revolutionary, already a hero of the resistance, or it could prove to the world, without a doubt, the true nature of the gorila dictatorship...
...Nothing can detain the struggle against the return to misery and exploitation to which fascism would drag tbe masses of the countryside...
...Chile's economic strangulation, destined (as verified in ITIT documents) to create favorable conditions for sedition and subversion, was corroborated by the cable sent by North...
...The production of coal has been reduced to zero and the junta will face serious fuel shortages in the winter of 1974...
...First, because the traditional Left parties, reformist in tendency, have tended to emphasize traditional forms of struggle, mass struggles, and have renounced, not only verbally but also in their actions, the line of insurrection by armed struggle...
...But above all-the interests of the true dominators of the system--national monopoly capital and imperialism-have to be destroyed...
...Even greater potential exists in the Christian masses...
...Second-class postage paid at New York...
...The USSR can have its own ideas about the "peaceful road",about the manner of making a revolution in this or that country...
...And it is upon the base of this renovated and strengthened mass movement, in spite of the set-back suffered in 1973, that a revolutionary vanguard without precedent in the history of Latin America is coming into being...
...This industry was almost totally in the hands of medium and small entrepreneurs...
...and, in Portsmouth and Rosyth, laborers refused to work on Chilean warships...
...It is for this reason, for example, that we participated in the meeting with the other parties and signed a declaration which is a step backwards from our position, but which does not contradict any of our basic principles...
...The organization of committees in defense of human rights must proliferate throughout Chile...
...The big bourgeiosie had to reach out to the Armed Forces...
...What is the real meaning of this coordination in the current anti-1orila struggle...
...Victory depends upon it...
...today only the uniformed assassins can speak...
...25 per year for profit-making and government organizations ($48 for two years...
...and, "The Story Behind the Coup," NACLA's Latin America and Empire Report, Vol...
...and the organic expression of these phenomena in the creation of Industrial Belt (Cordones Industriales) and Communal Command (Comando Comunales) organizations: these are irreversible facts...
...7) BROAD FRONT OF STRUGGLE This broad anti-fascist front is made possible by the alliance of the proletariat with the rest of the popular sectors...
...To the degree that we will be able to put this line into practice, we will be able to propose to other revolutionary forces in the world the choice of supporting or not supporting the revolutionary struggle in Latin America...
...On the other hand, we are not at all satisfied, in this respect, with the Chinese attitude...
...It is in the face of a concrete situation that the socialist countries are forced to make their choice, that we can develop a genuine solidarity between the socialist countries and the Latin American revolutionary movements...
...Many of the pastors have avoided compromising themselves with the fascist crimes and have endeavored to defend the trade union rights of the workers and public freedoms...
...What does this common ground consist of...
...From the viewpoint of the class struggle, it would seem that Chilean society is preparing to return to a point previously reached in 1970...
...But, while U.S., Brazilian and Argentine capitalists have offered their support, very few other countries have followed...
...The proletariat struggles not only against tyranny, against this Dictatorship...
...It cannot prevent its fascist character from projecting its bloody image into the world outside...
...Thus small daily sabotage of equipment and machinery can attain a higher degree of effec- tiveness when coordinated at a higher level with specialized armed actions, such as bombings or arson...
...In the name of the anti-gorila struggle the proletariat and all sectors exploited and oppressed by capitalism, do not forget the struggle for their historical class interests, the struggle for socialism...
...On the other hand, we believe that the Latin American revolution must have what I call a certain "autonomy...
...It is through the creation of a truly revolutionary movement that we can force the socialist countries to adopt a position which corresponds to our wishes...
...3 (March 1974), 28-30...
...6 The socialist countries, England, Belgium, Holland, Sweden, West Germany, Denmark, Finland, Italy and others have curtailed their aid programs to the military Dictatorship...
...The redistribution of profits in favor of large capital at the cost of the working masses and of the broad middle sectors, is inexorable...
...Copyright 0 1974 by the North American Congress on Latin America, Inc...
...The Popular Resistance Movement, based upon Clandestine Resistance Committees, has reached to the very core of worker, farmer, student, and poblador movements and even the Armed Forces and the Carabineros...
...The committee should recruit and organize groups of lawyers who are willing to come to Chile to defend the political prisoners, etc...
...All this slowed down the production of mass consumer goods and was, in itself, sufficient to generate a serious disequilibrium in the economy given an increased demand for these items, product of the income redistribution policy...
...The struggle of our fatherland against those that want to raze it is being organized and is increasing...
...Their answer was the fascist coup of last September 11...
...We did this with the perspective of carrying out several concrete tasks...
...Our party, our leadership cadre, our militants, are ready for war throughout Chile...
...V. The struggle to put an end to the military Dictatorship and its regime of misery will be long and difficult...
...Our companeros have sent us one of the pamphlets they distributed the first of May, and the stamps with slogans that they distributed in the poblaciones...
...We may mention here, as an example, the case of the MIR, which still maintains its military apparatus as well as its political organization...
...Even those who actively collaborated with the fascists before the September coup, today discover with desperation that the government they helped to create attacks them as well, ignores their Interests and places on their shoulders as well the cost of accumulation of economic power by the monopolies that yesterday flattered and deceived them...
...3. Noticias [Buenos Aires], March 9, 1974...
...Invaded by its own armed forces, Chile today is a long strip of blood-soaked land where thousands of patriots are assassinated, tortured, deprived of their liberty, expelled from schools and universities, implacably persecuted and deprived of the right to subsist by means of a dignified job...
...The working class has not yet found the best forms of struggle, the best methods for confronting the military Dictatorship and expressing its true interests...
...This agitation and propaganda must be the genuine expression of all the people's aspirations, Thus, every man and woman of the people, every worker, peasant, squatter, student, soldier, will become an active fighter in the antigorila cause, a militant in the resistance against the Dictatorship...
...Furthermore, these contradictions would become more important in the measure that the big bourgeoisie was increasingly able to influence the determination of the nation's political economy...
...The MIR was not a part of the UP coalition...
...Pressure should be exerted so that the international organizations, universities and other institutions terminate their contracts and exchange programs with the Junta...
...Aware that noodles are now a product of mass popular con- sumption (especially in the poblaciones) workers have been adding an extra 300 grams to one kilo packages...
...But the situation generated by speculation in terms of the circulation of merchandise also obliges the capitalists to worry about the reorganization of the structures of distribution and consumption which were used to undermine the previous government...
...It will be necessary to initiate the struggle for the restoration of rights to all popular organizations...
...The texts of the stamps read as follows: SOLDIER: DON'T BE CONVERTED INTO AN ASSASSIN OF THE PEOPLE THE POPULAR RESISTANCE AGAINST THE DICTATORSHIP IS THE WAY LET US UNITE OUR FORCES LET US PREPARE THE RESISTANCE THE DICTATORSHIP OF THE BOSSES: HUNGER FOR THE PEOPLE DOWN WITH THE DICTATORSHIP MAY lst: BEGINNING OF THE POPULAR RESISTANCE16 WORKER: DON'T MEET THE 1st OF MAY ON YOUR KNEES JOIN THE RESISTANCE AGAINST THE DICTATORSHIP other information...
...From this perspective we can examine the problems of mass work in Chile today...
...We must not always dream of an ideal political line...
...Today they discover that in addition to the inhuman and murderous character of the fascist dictatorship, it submits them to the exploitation of monopolistic national and foreign capital, deprives them of political freedom and with the return to barbarity impedes their*human development...
...weekly publication of the National Foreign Trade Council], March 6, 1974...
...Summary execution and premeditated assassinations justified by the "Law of Escape" [i.e...
...The MIR, with previous experience in clandestine and semi-clandestine struggles, has been able to come through the military repression with less damage done to its organization...
...Many members of the Armed Forces will join the patriotic and national work of combatting fascism...
...Since the beginning, the MIR has emerged as the Junta's prime target...
...It should be a broad organization that includes all unorganized workers who want to fight the Dictatorship...
...However, in our bilateral relations with other parties both at home and abroad, we engage in a much deeper level of discussion...
...This is proof that conditions are good for the Chilean resistance...
...Super-exploitation of labor and its most immediate result, the break between production and the consumption needs of the broad masses-this is the pivot of dependent development, the same which today orients the actions of the big bourgeoisie in Chile...
...The people speak...
...Thousands of workers, laborers, students, peasants and women lost their lives in the resistance struggle or have since been assassinated by the dictatorship...
...Today, among the organized and vanguard sectors of the working class, one can already see signs of reactivation: a number of strikes in key industries which have been massively repressed...
...8 Widespread solidarity with the Chilean people's struggle weakens the military government and impedes its ability to carry out its regime of terror [see "Declaration of the Chilean Left," in this issue...
...It must acquire and express the multiplied strength of millions and millions...
...The Dictatorship, aware of its growing isolation throughout the world, is organizing an international propaganda counter-offensive, by way of certain embassies and delegations, and by naming well-known Chilean reactionaries as press attaches in the various embassies throughout the world -- mercenary journalists in the service of capital, journalists who used the press and radio to create the atmosphere for the coup d'etat, the overthrow of the Allende government and the repression of the workers...
...The movement embraces all social forces to organize a clandestine mass movement that will actively struggle against the dictatorship...
...and each time they come and say that there are 5 extremists here and 3 extremists there who are going to devour us...But you know something...
...The situation is different with regard to the measures adopted in the area of consumption, particularly concerning pricing policy...
...To the thousands of companeros imprisoned, tortured, assassinated...
...Nevertheless, this brutal system does not achieve any substantial increase in the production of exportable minerals...
...Expressions of resistance to the policy of fascism arise and multiply...
...The defeat of the Chilean people in the face of the reactionary forces dramatically shows the price that the masses pay for the vacillations and ineffectiveness of leftist centrism...
...In factories and farms, which have been returned to their former owners, they prohibit the creation of any type of organization which can uphold the workers' rights...
...These are the same people who, later on, justified the assassinations, the executions and the torture of workers and revolutionaries, and who today are trying to justify the dictatorship's crimes, through lies and deceit, portray- ing the rabid reactionary dictatorship as though it were the champion of democracy and freedom and the saviour of the people...
...It expresses the concrete necessity which the Chilean bourgeoisie, as a class, feels to re-orient its investments toward productive activities...
...One should also consider the UP's preoccupation with not alienating the middle sectors who consumed these products...
...We are certain that it will continue to grow, that it will take root in the popular masses, that it will be felt with even greater force in each factory, in each school, in each home, encouraging, from all points of the globe, the resistance that is developing in Chile and that will end in victory, opening for our people the doors of a new, truly democratic society...
...This underscores the capability of the resistance movement of revolutionary19 Chilean organizations and of the Chilean Left in general...
...We are not in a rush...
...But it is no less certain that the victory reached by the bourgeoisie on September 11 would not have been possible without this systematic offensive in the economic field...
...This process of strengthening unity has also had its expression among the Chileans outside the country...
...Before the bare exploitation and criminal repression that they are the object of, the people have affirmed their solidarity, joining in the struggle against the dictatorship or collaborating in the tasks of the moment...
...Corruption and profit seeking on the part of the highest ranking officers who control the government has marked their administration since the beginning...
...For the moment, he explained, the MIR has outlined the following immediate tactical goals: 1) the creation of the Political Front of the Popular Resistance, made up of the parties that composed the UP, progressive sectors of the PDC, and the MIR...
...Three years after its election, the UP government was swept out of office by a military-fascist movement which destroyed the institutions of bourgeois democratic parliamentarianism, unleashed an incredibly savage repression against workers and peasants, outlawed union organizations, leftist parties and-under the euphemism of placing them "in recess"-the very parties of the bourgeoisie, suppressed the most elemental liberties, took over the universities and imposed a regime of torture and terror throughout the country...
...It was precisely because the highly conscious, well-organized Chilean proletariat threatened to destroy the power of the bourgeoisie that the latter, with their foreign allies, had to resort to a counterrevolutionary movement which continued past the time of the coup...
...It is through discussion with the political forces of the country on the current situation, and what preceded it, that coordination can be build within Chile...
...This conflict may also favor certain centrists who have nothing to gain from the current political process in Chile...
...Each day conditions ripen for the development of a popular resistance that confronts the fascist regime, corners it and ends by hurling it from power...
...However, the fundamental condition for joining these committees is acceptance of a single common objective: the overthrow of the dictatorship, establishment of democratic liberties and de- fense of the living standard of the popular masses...
...The struggle or democratic liberties, for the rights and social gains of the working class and the people, the defense of the living standard of the masses and the repudiation of torture makes it possible for millions and millions of the oppressed and exploited to be won over to the resistance...
...Today it is necessary to organize committees of support for the Chilean resistance in various countries and cities, creating a network of base level committees in the factories, neighborhoods, universities, schools, etc...
...Luis Emilio Recabarren, working class leader...
...With respect to the bourgeoisie (as well as the propertyowning sectors of the petit bourgeoisie), the speculation unleashed by the big bourgeoisie achieved its results in two ways...
...These are the conditions which the MIR is trying to create...
...We should add that the restriction of the market which results from such a policy particularly affects the mass consumer goods industry, especially the production of low quality goods, generally controlled by small and mediumsized firms...
...WE MUST STRENGTHEN THE INTERNATIONAL STRUGGLE AGAINST THE DICTATORSHIP...
...will feel profoundly attracted to the program of struggle and resistance...
...Enriquez paid homage to the dead, imprisoned and tortured members of the MIR and the other parties of the Chilean Left...
...We think that the contradictions between the different sectors of Chilean society, particularly between sectors of the petit bourgeoisie and the Junta, have grown sharper and sharper...
...the organization of the unemployed to exert a growing pressure for satisfactory wages...
...Pamphlets outlining specific tasks or ridi- culing the military, have begun to rebuild the confidence of the masses and to dissipate the terror that the gorilas try to instill in the people...
...The field of action of a Resistance Committee embraces more than its immediate sphere...
...Marxsmo y Revoluelon (Santiago), No...
...Resistance to the Junta, sporadic at first because of heavy losses and initial disorganization, now grows daily...
...But the long lines which formed at dawn, and at times during the night, were daily gathering points for the popular sectors, where they began to feel hostility towards their neighbors, indignation against those who provoked the situation (the bourgeoisie, the bureaucrats, or the government, according to their political tendencies), and an increasingly painful sensation of impotence...
...In addition to alleviating in some small degree the misery provoked by economic re- pression, these 300 grams strike at the profits of large industrialists and merchants...
...We think that that is more efficient than mere debates on doctrine...
...It is the gorilas who are going to be devoured...
...imperialists and its own enor- mous repressive forces, it is presently caught in its own vicious circle...
...In a society such as Chile, where the crisis of capitalist accumulation has intensified, the dictatorship has instituted an anti-popular and repressive policy to ward off economic stagnation and crisis...
...For the sector of the PDC which seeks an active role in the resistance, which has truly decided to take a stand on the various battlefields in the struggle against the Junta, there will always be a role to play in the resistance...
...This was quite clear in Chile...
...It is evident that the principal objective of the big bourgeoisie's political economy is the rapid accumulation of a high rate of surplus value at the cost of inexorably squeezing the workers...
...workers at Weirs Pumps, of4 Cathcart, would not provide pumps needed for the warships under construction for the Chilean Navy...
...The militants of the Chilean left who are temporarily on the outside, are an active part of this struggle, whose leadership is found within the country...
...On December 13, 1973, van Schowen was arrested and taken into custody where he was brutally tortured...
...Today the question is to translate this political line into-concrete action.22 Most of the other parties labored under an erroneous conception, a conception refuted by history...
...THE MOST URGENT TASKS OF SOLIDARITY The forces that represent the popular and revolutionary Chilean movement have made efforts from the beginning to put into practice the imperative of this unity...
...the right to kill "escaping" prisoners] continue...
...There are about 20 thousand workers at Lota...
...Now, by turning to speculation, the weakest capitalist sectors began to charge super-prices (at the consumers' expense) which not only compensated them to a large degree but even began to threaten the big12 bourgeoisie's appropriation of some of their earnings since speculation was most pronounced in the area of mass consumer goods (where, as we saw, the participation of the medium and small enterprise is greatest...
...Remember what I say...
...Soon the bourgeoisie no longer limited itself to taking advantage of the shortage: it helped create the shortage...
...And, in this sense, Chilean military-fascism does not present any innovation on those fascist regimes which have preceded it in history...
...The organic capacity and the strategic and tactical ability of the revolutionary left, both before and after the coup of September, demonstrates this...
...But only organized struggle will permit a wall to be raised against the advances of gorilismo and prepare the working class and the people to pass to higher forms of combat...
...Tomorrow, [van Schowen's] assassins will get the punishment they deserve...
...But for us armed struggle is not just one possibility among others, a form that the mass movement can adopt...
...In this respect speculation arises as the political economy of fascism during the phase of the struggle for State power...
...They recover their voices...
...It can have its preferences for the parliamentary road, etc...
...Its conception of the struggle in Chile and Latin America has, indeed, been confirmed by the facts of the situation...
...It was inevitable, then, that intra-bourgeois contradictions would sharpen...
...7 Revolutionary and progressive sectors around the world have responded to these visits with an unfailing sense of international solidarity with the Chilean workers, campesinos [peasants] and poor...
...Nevertheless, the corresponding legislation presented to the parliament was furiously diverted by the bourgeois opposition...
...However, that position has often been taken by the Soviet Union towards other countries and, on the contrary, China has reacted differently...
...The principal force of the resistance must be the masses, and particularly the working class...
...Food production is a case in point...
...In this sense not only are the workers the objects of its violence but also sectors within the bourgeoisie...
...It has been buried under the debris of the Moneda [Presidential Palace], drowned in the blood of thousands of workers and revolutionaries who militaryfascism murdered and still murders in Chile...
...hundreds and thousands of farm workers have been thrown off their jobs while thousands of university students were expelled and hundreds of professors have been dismissed...
...Leaflets hurled in lightning actions that filled the streets of Santiago, even the downtown area...
...I am thinking particularly of revolutionary movements which suffered extremely serious defeats, such as those in Brazil and Venezuela...
...This group, the "Grupo Banco Hipotecario" (commonly nicknamed the "piranas"), controlled approximately eleven financial corporations and four insurance companies as well as important industries...
...And, beneath this, the slow work of reorganizing and regrouping the workers' parties and organizations has been going on...
...This problem was aggravated by an early type of speculation: the illegal shipment of merchandise abroad where, thanks to the accelerating devaluation of the escudo, these items could be sold at a greater profit...
...But in order not to confuse our position on this matter with a position which we criticize, we must emphasize: we absolutely do not seek an opening toward the center...
...The image of austerity and integrity that the Junta tries to project is nothing more than a great ruse designed to hide the privileges and money that they are reaping...
...With the development of the black market, the highest income groups could avoid this struggle in the stores and markets, and thus they won their first victory over the workers...
...Only then, say our reformists, can we talk of the problem of the conquest of power...
...But it is the workers who have suffered most from the repression of the Junta and who, in turn, will be the only force capable of leading a resistance movement to ultimate victory (see "To the Workers, Revolutionaries and Peoples of the World," and the statement by Bautista van Schowen in this issue...
...Obviously, it is easy to delude ourselves about this...
...At the base of the whole structure is the Resistance Committee, organized as a small clandestine group in each factory, farm, school or poblacion and connected with the next higher level...
...Governments, parliaments, the United Nations and other international organizations should show the same attitude towards the Junta...
...Thousands of workers and their families are persecuted only because they profess leftist ideas...
...THOSE WHO HAVE DIED AND THOSE WHO WILL DIE WILL NOT DO SO IN VAIN...
...Q: Recent news from Argentina notes the forma- tion of a "junta of revolutionary coordination" of various revolutionary organizations in the Southern Cone of South America (MIR, ELN, ERP, MLN-Tupamaros...
...We believe that the Christian Democratic Party is a political party which has attracted to it a rather important popular sector...
...Q: Nevertheless, isn't the Soviet Union partly responsible for the propagation of the theory of the peaceful road to socialism...
...When we try to unite these forces, we must know on what basis we are uniting them...
...This produced a notable increase in the internal demand for goods and services...
...In France, the Dictatorship is buying tanks, helicopters, and police cars to increase its repressive capacity against the Chilean workers and to insure that the Dictatorship remain in power by the only means it knows: through military-police repression...
...During the decade of the Sixties, a silent battle raged within the Chilean ruling class...
...The government, through Fernando Flores...
...This implies, with regard to certain parties, a criticism and self-criticism of activities prior to the coup, as well as the present positions of these organizations...
...decrees the dissolution of all popular political parties without exception, confiscates their funds and all their means of expression, and even submits the parties of the right tocontrol;suppresses the freedoms of the press, of meeting and of petition and the right to strike, ignoring all previously sacred legal norms...
...The next step will be the unification of these forces on-the basis of a revolutionary program that will allow them to mobilize and strike back at the Dictatorship...
...The author, Ruy Mauro Marini, examines the political economy of the current military Junta and its roots in the past...
...We have met and agreed to make this declaration public on the date of another anniversary of the founding of the CUTCH as an homage to our working class and to all Chilean workers...
...The attitude of the Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries, their first reaction, has been very positive: breaking off diplomatic and economic relations, etc...
...LC: Of course...
...Nothing like this took place...
...The main problem is the first: knowing how to develop a revolutionary line, a line for armed struggle, and at the same time, link it more and more tightly to the real mass movement at its present level of consciousness...
...On the other hand, we also believe that the undeniable weakening of the Junta will have only a limited effect on its future options...
...VIII, No 5. May-June 1974 Published monthly, except May-June and July-August when it is published bi-monthly, at 160 Claremont Ave., New York, NY 10027...
...At the same time other more aggressive actions are taken when conditions are favorable...
...FREEDOM FOR THE DA WSON PRISONERS BEFORE THE WINTER We again call upon international public opinion to intensify even more the massive campaign for an end to the repression, respect for human rights, the closing of the concentration camps, freedom for political prisoners and the repeal of the State of Internal War...
...First, the big bourgeoisie has reinforced its position, resolving in its favor the conflict which provoked a crisis in the earlier period...
...The immense majority of humanity has condemned with indignation the crimes of the fascist junta...
...We feel that the clear position presented here will help orient us all towards the perspectives for struggle in Chile...
Vol. 8 • May 1974 • No. 5
