United States Information Agency: Pushing the Big Lie
Grybaum, Gail
I am hopeful that with the massive development of communications we shall be able to live in a world where free access to the minds of people everywhere will enable us to achieve our goals...
...VI, No...
...66- ) EDWARD R. MURROW (1961-63) Inst...
...Law School - Prof...
...1965), p. 79...
...In Cambodia, the USIA is helping the Ministry of Information construct two radio transmitters financd by the U.S...
...Dean (29-33) Cinema Credits Corp...
...It is not a matter of just setting policy...
...The largest circulation of any paper in Laos was 3,300...
...USIA officials "refused to assist him in making the film unless he deleted the segment...
...The New York Times, March 22, 1972...
...CARL T. ROWAN (1964-65) Minneapolis Tribune - Copywriter (48-50...
...UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY EXECUTIVE SCCIETAIIAT (POLICY AND PLANS) EXECUTIVE source: United States Government Organizational Manual 1970/71...
...Ribeirao Preto: Rio de Janeiro: Salvador, Bahia: Santa Maria...
...The USIA, along with other agencies, complied...
...A few years ago a ten page list was sent around to BNC's, instructing them to order books from the list "within 48 hours of receipt" if their existing collections "are preponderantly liberal...
...1971) and is a director of the Princeton Bank & Trust Co...
...Latn Amerlca...
...Buenos Aires .. .. Arlentina .. Bimothly...
...We were working more vith the Minister of Information...
...USIA: Yes sir...
...The Los Angeles Times, June 4, 1971...
...Many people in the Third World see the BNC's and reading rooms as headquarters for U.S...
...1 0 By 1953 the USIA was firmly established...
...In the past, the Agency received its funding along with other government agencies during annual congressional appropriations hearings...
...military in Vietnam and Laos in psychological warfare programs...
...62-65) Dr...
...Co-Vice Chmn...
...5) Norman Gelb/4PM...
...Ibid., March 24, 1967...
...Bueno Aires...
...7. Ibid...
...NACLA'S LATIN AMERICA & EMPIRE REPORT Vol...
...United States Information Agency, Country Data on Brazil, p. 5. 66...
...W. Hazard...
...The JUSPAO mission was to win the hearts and minds of the Vietnamese people to sustain American support for the war by favorably influencing newsmen, to gather intelligence about enemy psychological warfare tactics and to undermine enemy morale...
...The Dutch correspondent wanted to include in the narration the statement: "that despite the hope that Ellis Island meant for most, it had also been used for political deportations...
...Barquisimeto...
...Radio Free Europe Fund - Pres...
...Fortaleza...
...Guayaquil...
...USIA and the ilitary group covered the cost...
...how popular, or unpopular, how sound or foolishi;the cause, demonstrations are part of the American tradition...
...The Baltimore Sun, June 22, 1968...
...The New York Times, October 3, 1966...
...At the same time, I should make it clear that none of this is done covertly...
...A prime market is South Vietnam...
...The emphasis in producing new films is more on who should see it, and less on how many people will see it...
...Turrialba...
...Information Machine at War: Southeast Asia USIA activities in Southeast Asia illustrate perhaps most clearly the Agency's involvement in psychological warfare with U.S...
...Costa Rice: Limon...
...The USIS staffs make these materials available to local editors, who decide whether or not to use the USIA by-line...
...It is distributed free of charge...
...The SFRC hearings reveal the following: Publications in Laos Senator Symington: Back in October 1969, at a subcommittee hearing, counsel noted that we had a publication in Laos and asked how many copies were issued of this magazine and Mr...
...They were closed and the La Paz BNC was expropriated in April, 1971, when the government gave it to a local school...
...aren't they...
...Army 7th Psychological Operations Group had the following publications among others, printed at the Manilla press: nearly 300 million MACV (Military Assistance Command Vietnam) airdrop leaflets, serving as safe conduct passes for those who defected to the government side...
...of Broadcasters - Dir...
...1 4 Strange directives for the spokesmen of a government headed by the Nixon who talks about negotiation with the Communists and the relaxation of international tensions, and who visits the People's Republic of China and the USSR...
...The "bookmobile" is pperated by beautiful girls to attract more male readers...
...Shakespeare: No Sir...
...Brazil: Belem...
...Why Vietnam (Praeger) by Frank Trager...
...The Americans said that they recognized that the psychological and political aspects of the war in Vietnam were nearly as important as the battles themselves...
...We have also made it clear that while they have no responsibility or censorship over us when we use the facility in their country, conversely, we have no censorship or responsibility for what they say over the same facility...
...As a result, many items are not identified as having originated from the USIA, and appear as "objective" news...
...government policies toward Third World people in the United States...
...Army...
...The photographs are accompanied by explanatory notes...
...Assn...
...La Paz...
...Piura...
...Chaired by William H. Jackson, past deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Board was subordinate to the National Security Council and was set up to unify U.S...
...Ibid., p. 62...
...Government to Washington to discuss ecological problems...
...2) Phil Jurey on CIAP review of U.S...
...III, No...
...In 1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered all agencies of the government to make available for duty in Vietnam the most capable people they had...
...Ibid., January 20, 1969...
...Director Streibert was president and director of the Radio Free Europe Fund which is a cover for the CIA-financed and directed propaganda operations against Eastern Europe...
...The USIA creates a false need for the free enterprise system, its target becomes the Third World instead of the American consumer and its product is U.S...
...Regular TV series programs are prepared in Washington USIA offices for Japan, Nigeria, Thailand and all of Latin America, though- 17 - "most of the USIA programs are not identified as such in the 97 countries in which they are shown...
...The Agency believes this would diminish its propaganda value...
...The New York Times, June 13, 1972...
...69 One example of a TV film prepared by the Agency is the Silent Majority, a 15 minute film released in 1969...
...Trying to show how "progressive" the United States is becoming, it is narrated by a black correspondent and shows scenes from the massive anti-war demonstrations at the Washington Monument...
...1 6 This was an entirely new role for the USIA and a bothersome one to many, because of the implications and the possible effect on USIS operations elsewhere...
...The Agency prints most of its regular publications at regional service centers (RSC) in Manila, Beirut and Mexico City, which also serve other branches of the US government...
...The progressive movements in the Third World create the need for propaganda such as this, which portrays the revolutionary as a crazed, corrupt villain...
...For years, people believed that they were privately funded institutions run by "concerned" individuals...
...Market Resnarckh C.A...
...20,000 portraits of the Laotian Prime Minister...
...Communications Conferences (since 48) Legal Representative for Lyndon B. Johnson's Texas broadcast interests Democrats for Nixon Comm...
...Spiro Agnew-- produced by John Wayne...
...Before the U.S...
...Their time is limited to, say, about six hours a day...
...These are very wealthy companies and I don't quite see why the taxpayer ought to pick up the bill...
...The Agency revealed to the SFRC that in each country where the U.S...
...The filmmakers need only contact their local home USIA office, and--as the Agency said--"if we feel it is also in our national interest, we very often will allow him to use our studios in Washington and give him some facilitative assistance...
...The present USIA director, Frank Shakespeare, was such a good salesman that CBS put him in charge of penetrating the Third World by purchasing TV stations, selling programs, and generally trying to boost the U.S...
...Newsweek, May 15, 1972...
...foreign investment in the Third World...
...49-51) Nelson & Laurance Rockefeller business staff (57-60) Time-Life Broadcast, Inc...
...Treasurer FBO Pictures Corp...
...The women in the Agency are primarily secretaries, administrative assistants and teachers...
...The USIA and particularly the VOA have unrelentlessly pushed Cold War policy objectives, and under Shakespeare's directorship, the VOA has remained militantly anti-communist...
...The program will feature pictures of corporate facilities, interviews with employees, as well as general discussion on the benefits of private investment...
...Although aware that Mallin was writing for the government, Doubleday agreed to the contract...
...1) Russ Splane on Cuban economy...
...Ecuador: Ambato...
...military in other countries as well as Vietnam...
...Cuenca...
...do 4 500 12.691 4.500 Nohas Laborales...
...The twenty-member all-white task force assigned to handle propaganda about Angela's case sent out a 16-page legal analysis of it, as well as instructions on how the story should be handled...
...He has contributed at least $12,000 to Nixon's 1972 re-election campaign and was also a major contributor in 1968...
...Aug 13-Be...
...After all, we gave them the TV station, I suppose we can expec 8 a fair amount of access to its air time...
...books, read publications, listen to the Voice of America, learn English, hear lectures and see Agency-produced films...
...Congress, however, under prodding from Nixon and Secretary of State William Rogers voted for the full $200 million budget...
...Of the 49 hours of Spanish broadcasts, seven hours a week are specifically beamed to Cuba...
...For many of them the USIA has not been their only psycho-warfare effort...
...Z0 0 8b2 A aa~ :s - I _ a b & 0S 0 . 0 Ba 0 a 0 0 ,; 2 4)-o ae 4) .0.R '@ 8B & 4)~ p .0 4)0 - .'4 r b~ 4) 4 .5 .5...
...One area which has received special attention is U.S...
...Mexico...
...3. Raymond J. Barrett, "Psyop: What is it...
...Asuncion...
...JUSPAO assistance to the Vietnamese Ministry of Information encompassed many projects...
...In March, 1972, the USIA asked the SFRC for $200 million to fund its global operations...
...iost of the people who use the BNC's are young students and professionals from 16 to 35 years of age...
...actions in the host country...
...SFRC, p. 52-53...
...50,000 Royal Air Force posters.28 Did Army Step Into USIA's Shoes in Laos...
...They don't need us since the network service is so complete...
...Theoretically this stipulation protects the American public from being propagandized at its own expense, by forbidding the USIA to peddle its products on the home front...
...psychological warfare programs, another arm in the growing counterinsurgency apparatus of the United States...
...6 5 For the Latin American audiences, films are produced primarily in Washington, Brazil, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay...
...The USIA paid Doubleday 20 cents a copy...
...Affairs - Special Asst...
...The USIS office gives the photographs to the newspapers for use without any attribution...
...Some come to promote a cause...
...In 1941 this became the office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (CIAA) and throughout World War II, it handled U.S...
...Shakespeare: Well, it probably was correct at the time...
...And What Should We Do About It...
...From 1946 to 1966 there were 97 bombings and burnings of USIA BNC's and reading rooms, 16 alone in 1964 and 1965...
...cultural imperialism...
...Emphasis ours...
...We have given them a printing plant...
...1 1 IDEOLOGY From its inception, the USIA and its programming have been marked by militant anti-communism...
...10027...
...What is advertising except creating a favorable attitude toward your product...
...Interspersed with comments from people along the sidelines who support Nixon's Vietnam stand, it emphasizes the importance of the "silent citizens...
...Oleksiw answered 43,000...
...10t 000 13 672 10 000 Saber .. RSC Mexico...
...Sect...
...government, and as such, attempts to explain U positions to the world...
...That is what some of the opponents say, isn't it...
...congressman, spokesman, etc...
...cit., p. 66...
...Distributed among 147,000 people in 11 Latin American nations, its racist and sexist text and graphics hammer away at the USIA's key propaganda themes and epitomize the Agency's true function as a "pusher of the Big Lie...
...JUSPAO also took charge of building an entire communications infrastructure for South Vietnam...
...The New York Times, March 22, 1967, and September 28, 1966...
...ParA y...
...Ventula...
...SFRC, p 291...
...Santa Cruz...
...Attribution of MACV Material The Chairman: On the things that MACV puts out, such as the portrait of the Prime Minister...
...NOTE: FROM HERE ON THIS SOURCE IS REFERRED TO AS SFRC (SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE...
...According to another article on the "Future of Military Psychology," psyop includes the use of mass media...
...16,600 26.962 16600 Fotorams...
...yes sir...
...El Salvador: San Salvador...
...In response to a question about whether the VOA is building facilities for other countries' propaganda programs, the VOA spokesman answered: In almost every country, in one form or another, we aid and support their broadcasting facilities...
...Marilia: Natal, Porto Alegre...
...Au,tin...
...A complaint was made to the USIA by a Dutch radio and television correspondent who made a film about New York's Ellis Island immigrant reception and alien detention center before it was closed...
...He is also a director of Pan American World Airways (see NACLA's Latin America & Empire Report, April 1971), American Electric Power Co., Holt Rinehart & Winston (the giant publishing house), and the New York Life Insurance Company...
...Government has become increasingly controversial...
...from Sinh Hoat, a publication of students at the University of Hue, Vietnam...
...The books are primarily pro-American...
...Broadcast Advertising Bureau - Dir...
...yes, sir...
...Quito...
...These filmmakers are shown the sites and people that the USIA wants the films to include...
...23 The USIA cooperates with the U.S...
...15,May 1, 1972 (Washington, D.C: Indochina Resources Center...
...Nevertheless, journalistic investigations and these Senate hearings reveal only a trace of the USIA's work...
...A recent confidential memo from USIS in Oslo, Norway, thanked Washington for the "stream" of information,- 13 - saying it had "done a great deal to prevent the local media from being taken in by the distortions bng peddled by the far left, old and new...
...Seventy-six are located overseas: in Ceylon, South Vietnam, the Philippines, Morocco, Liberia, England, West Germany, Okinawa, Greece and Thailand...
...propaganda program that would fight the so-called Soviet "Big Lie...
...But if you weren't discriminating against blacks in the first place, when o of them gets a top ob it wouldn't be news...
...The expanded USIS bureaucracy took over the Vietnamese government's propaganda program...
...SFRC, P. 328...
...Guayaqul...
...Rio...
...Newsweek, May 15, 972...
...7, November, 1969...
...Ibid...
...Government attribution...
...Newsweek described the film: It proved such an embarassment in its few public showings abroad that it was withdrawn from circulation and awarded the oblivion it so richly deserved...
...At the Agency's request, he contacted Doubleday and Company in New York to publish his book on the Dominican Republic...
...USIA's stated mission is to present a positive image of the United States to other countries and to act as the official spokesman* for U.S...
...Morella...
...Of these, 100 are located in 19 Latin American nations...
...And there's more to come: the USIA states that a large scale program of this type represents a new trend in the agency...
...At the time of President Kennedy's assassination in 1963 USIA had 40 officers in Vietnam...
...Mexico City...
...Bimonthly , 100 14 859...
...Belo Horizonte Blumenau...
...Information Agency is attempting to discredit charges expected from Hanoi later this year that American bombing of dikes was to blame for the anticipated flooding...
...Talca...
...We have assisted them in developing a countrywide information service that is now operating in each of the provinces...
...0G Dialogue...
...for Public Affairs (61-63) Ambassador to Finland (63-64) Chicago Daily News, Publs.-Hall Syndicate - Columnist (65- ) LEONARD H. MARKS (1965-69) National Univ...
...During the hearings on this appropriations request, the USIA, under orders from President Nixon, refused to turn over vital documents necessary for the Committee's evaluation of Agency programs...
...The New York Times, August 5, 1969...
...of State - Consultant (62-69) Dept...
...Agency for International Development (AID...
...Pareira...
...A proposed film on university life in America was turned down because, as an Agency official said, "we would have to show student dissent, and that tarnishes our image...
...Co- ImleoltheUo .n...
...copyright D 1972 by the North American Congress on Latin America, Inc...
...A major regulation was that the Agency should not disseminate any of its material domestically...
...Geman.KoreauandVetnamese Washington USIA also has at its disposal a radio teletype communications system which sends out materials 5 days a week to 127 posts...
...a pamphlet for the International Transport Federation, attributed to and distributed by the local union in Ecuador...
...1 9 According to a recent New York Times article by Malcolm Browne on JUSPAO, "many of the key American tactics used in the war, inlidling a"ification, were developed in the organization...
...do 2 000 7668 Notceiro Hondurenos...
...Haiti: Port-au-Prince...
...on Higher Education - Exec...
...Newsweek, May 15, 1972...
...BrutMexico...
...As the Agency explains it, The opportunity to establish and maintain communications with this sector of Latin American society is exceedingly important to us, since it is this group which is likely to form the core of the host country's leadership in the succeeding 10 to 20 years...
...3 5 In cooperation with the American firms operating in Colombia, USIA in Bogota is producing a 43part television series to illustrate the theme, "Private Investment--Public Profit...
...USIA spokesmen defended the Agency's right to protect the country from distortions, but denied that the policies amounted to censorship...
...They put out a press release every time Senator Brooke sneezes," says an Ethiopian editor...
...counter-insurgency think tanks-- the Rand Corporation and the Stanford Research Institute...
...INESE...
...Salta...
...The VOA has always passed itself off as an instrument of education, information and culture...
...128 OU 223...
...FRANK STANTON As president of the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), Stanton brings the expertise of television to the USIA...
...650,000 Laotian flags...
...4 0 Art exhibits, concerts, talks, and seminars are all part of the USIA's arsenal of cultural imperialism, imported from Washington in the hope of not only grooming the future elites who are well versed in the American ideals of "democracy" and "economic development through private enterprise," but whose objective is also the prevention of the rise of future Fidel Castro's and leaders of the left...
...Call...
...Some recent examples of USIA movies are: The Numbers Start With the River-- a documentary which portrays scenes and people from Middle America...
...2 2 The USIA continues its involvement in war propaganda in Vietnam...
...Indochina Chronicle, No...
...As a result of the hearings, the SFRC recommended a 25 percent budget cut for the USIA...
...2 9-9The USIA does not cooperate with the U.S...
...military personnel...
...they can be obtained simply upon written request...
...shows Spiro on his eleven nation Asian tour, as a friend of education and foe of racism...
...The Agency has also helped foreign television teams film special programs dealing with this issue...
...Dispensing this kind of information is not the USIA's job...
...Fourteen of these are designed specifically for Latin America: 47 PRODUCTION, CIRCULATION AND COST OF USIA PRODUCED MAGAZINES (Supplied by USIA) 1971 1973 circulation 1971 totl circulation Ttie Where produced Where principally distributed Frequency of issue per issue cost per issue LaIl, n America Accion Y Proieso...
...Communist borders everywhere -- Czechoslovakia, Austria, Red China, Hong Kong, the waters surrounding Cuba, etc...
...In 1965 the USIA created the JUSPAO (Joint United States Public Affairs Office) with USIA and U.S...
...69...
...37-46) War Correspondent (39-45) Public Affairs - VP & Dir...
...Advisory Commission HOBART LEWIS As president of Reader's Digest since 1965, Lewis reigns over a publishing fiefdom whose geographic reach is similar to the USIA's...
...We are acting on behalf of the State Department and the entire executive branch in the information field in Vietnam...
...the Agency distributed numerous news stories and feature articles which would otherwise not be seen overseas...
...Law School - Prof...
...We are doing nothing to aid and abet their internal or external information policies...
...Instead of carrying daily news coverage, it features US government statements and White House communiques...
...1 3 One of the six 1972 Agency program objectives for Brazil is to "reinforce awareness of the dangers of Communist solutions to national and regional problems...
...Army MACV or 7th Psyops in Okinawa -- each leaflet has only an ID serial number...
...By the end of World War II, Americans were deep in8o the business of international "persuasion...
...8. Howland H. Sargent, "American Information and Cultural Representation," in Vincent M. Barnett, ed., The Representation of the United States Abroad (New York: Praeger, 9. 10...
...so they took it over and they are doing it...
...yes sir...
...We shall tell you the TRUTH...
...USIA mobile motion-picture units may penetrate the back country to the end of the road, or occassionally a bit beyond, bringing an American message on the silver screen to thousands of rural dwellers at a single showing, many of whom have never visited their own country's capital city...
...You really do cover the world pretty well...
...Frank Shakespeare, current director of the USIA, sees the world "in terms of security and therefore holds that the USIA's function is to support America's international military position...
...Santiago...
...In most of these things there is no U.S...
...psychological warfare operations...
...Quito .. A...
...in its first year, Congress expressed disapproval and curtailed funds for those programs...
...Sanz de Santamaria and Undersecretary of State Irwin...
...and Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C...
...SFRC, pl 333...
...A list was submitted in classified form...
...Recife...
...4) Milt Benjamin previews Tuesday's Illinois primary election...
...Quito...
...55 When the Senate Foreign Relations Committee recommended that the USIA funds be cut, it attached an amendment requesting that all USIA propaganda be attributed to the Agency...
...Jus de o-ora...
...In a series of disclosures initiated by Ramparts magazine, it was revealed in 1967 that they secretly received funds from the Central Intelligence Agency...
...Government policies abroad...
...Medellin...
...The same USIA officers who direct the libraries and centers, carry out the educational and cultural exchange programs of the State Department...
...The USIA asked Doubleday to print 25,000 copies of the book, The Truth about the Dominican Republic for "student editions" which would sell for 20 cents each...
...In the end, it has a negative effect...
...Elder, p. cit., p. XI...
...USIA Says Floods Will Be Hanoi's Fault special 10o he waslIngton Poet VIENTIANE...
...involvement in the war increased, the United States set up the office of the Coordinator of Commercial and Cultural Relations between the American Republics, headed by Nelson A. Rockefeller...
...it was bimonthly...
...Washmnlton...
...Caracas...
...These include magazines, pamphlets, photo displays and information digests...
...Voice of America: Official Mouthpiece The Voice of America is the only instrument we have that goes directly into the home of a private individual...
...Account Exec...
...4) 0 4) .0 0c A - a -a 5t 4)X A9 R o < C R0 4 Cd t! w Ib 9 440, 4 g P4 'a E oW t1 4. r.5) ir 1 4 4 4. ) @4 .4 4) @4 4) .0 ': v 8 S 4) 5 I 0 w f 0 Qc 0 0 84 54 ' 0 ,0 .. 2@ 80o880o008000 " ae~-f~~o I I ',,,, B O; | I i : C |''' I I Wo u, I I I 'III I I I I ,, ,l ' I J . g .. ', ' ' I I P Rg I I i I I d i Yw I I oa I I ' s o o Y , ,, , ,, ,, i ' ' ' o m bf I mmm @ mmmmmmmmm >t mmmmmmmmmmm~ c, PPPPPPP - 29 - i ft i s0 1 $2...
...Only two years later an isolationist Congress abolished the Committee because "Propaganda and psychological considerations generally, acquired the connotation and stigma of deceit and trickery...
...4 3 In Bolivia during the progressive Torres government of late 1970 and early 1971, four USIS offices and five BNC's were assaulted by students and workers...
...USIA: They are very similar...
...Based in Princeton, New Jersey, Gallup is a member of the Eastern corporate establishment's elite foreign policy lobby, the Council on Foreign Relations (see NACLA's Latin America & Empire Report, Nov...
...Villa Maria...
...These intelligence operations probe for opinions that may determine future U.S...
...Exceptions have been made in recent years, however, and in April 1972, despite congressional objections, Senator James Buckley, the conservative New York Republican, showed a USIA propaganda film about the 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia on his television show...
...Emphasis ours...
...Congressional hearings and appropriations sessions are excellent sources of information, since they review the activities of these organizations...
...The article goes on to say that at one point Americans were organizing a campaign of selective terrorism directed at known National Liberation Front sympathizers, and "making sure that the lessons were not lost on the local residents...
...What I said was that we have changed totally the policy in Laos...27 * * * Later in the session, the USIA noted that it has printing presses in Manila (Philippines), which print items for other U.S...
...Goheen's Comm...
...Merida...
...to Dean (70- ) Nat'l...
...Its film audience is estimated at more than 900 million a year, since more than 2000 televig on stations in 97 countries use USIA programs...
...Had the proposal passed, the VOA would have been forced to cut out 25 of its 36 language broadcasts...
...A perverse piece of literature, the comic is irrefutable proof of the USIA's role: manipulation and distortion of peoples' minds and values.- 18 -- 19 -- 20 -- 21 -- 22 -- 23 -- 24 -- 25 -- 26 -- 27 - 64v a x . a B ot Ei ' i i b au 4 4 e t m W %a 5: i *~~ s ) z. ii~~~~~C C adgEQtEM a in, X Q,2,t a Mte o S E Xa C .rRab WBs B t 1" 0 2 OE a p~~ rrj c _ o .~Q IC a CD oi w !% n .0 $4 v .9 P 4 0 vO .. C V s , a | b og,~~~~~~~~~~41 W 4 at E>, : daa5 3 i B i5 a - fX g{I - 28 - 0 I E et 0 ,o aO E c @4 Y r B) R . a 8 $ es a, g -I '0~ ,E 0.0 '~ .! i*1'l i fi k J S S ~s g g - s S. 1t I 8 O I a I a i! S M 0. 4) x $@4 as 0 0O 4) 4) 0 A I 9 0 8 4) 5 0 - 8 @ I wBr o B 0 A0 e0 0 au9 0 I o z a 4) '5W 4 0 0 0 @4 S Cs- 5ft 0 40...
...Caracas...
...President Kennedy and Africa by Robert A. Marshall.5 3 These are only a few examples of the many materials that are not attributed or credited to the Agency...
...Dir...
...The list was later declassified...
...the US...
...In 1917 the first propaganda service, the Creel Committee on Public Information 5 developed a high-pressure propaganda campaign which operated domestically and abroad...
...Frank Shakespeare, Director of the USIA A small sign on an office building on 18th St...
...It broadcasts 800 hours a week in 36 languages...
...Contrary to the public image of the "independent" Fulbright program, that program is administered by USIS officers...
...He replaces National Review editor and conservative spokesman, William F. Buckley, as a member of the Advisory Commission...
...Honduras: San Pedro Sula: Tegucigalpa...
...PortovieJo...
...The production cost was $20,000...
...on Communications Satellites (68-69) U.S...
...The Washington Post, October 19, 1970...
...719 137.0 Viet-Nam, and Pakistan...
...The program has several facets: 1) The Agency often pays for translations and printing of existing books...
...SFRC, p. 337...
...The rationale for this policy, which has been in effect since 1963, is the supposed "danger" that the polls might become "political footballs" in domestic politics, especially during U.S...
...r Vranger that the SFRC passed a measure reaffirming and clarifying the ban on internal dissemination of official U.S...
...Telephone interviews can also yield good information...
...Bolivia: Cochabamba...
...Occasionally a tourist wanders in to ask directions to the Lincoln Memorial or a question about taxes or social security...
...In many countries, USIA movies are shown at small "invitational screenings to key audience groups, rather than open, over-the-counter film library loans...
...Its name never appears on a book with which it is connected, however closely...
...45-48...
...of State for Near East, Asian & African Affairs - (55-56) Ambassador to Greece - (56-57) Tobacco Institute - Pres...
...Colombia: Barranqullla...
...Uruguay: Montevideo...
...The SFRC hearings also showed that the Agency has worked with Latin American counterinsurgency teams...
...to help achieve U.S...
...6. Barrett, Military Review, op...
...33-35) WOR Radio, N.Y...
...But no matter how worthwhile-or meaningless-the issue...
...Chile: Antofagasta...
...Veracruz...
...2 USIA's policy guidelines are set by the State Department...
...3 1 Agency officials explain that the programs abroad that deal with American investment treat only the broad subject, pointing out the benefits to the country invested in, and seeking to debunk stereotyped ideas of foreign investment as purely exploitative and beneficial to the investing country alone...
...7 / September 1972 (formerly NACLA NEWSLETTER) Published monthly, except May-June and July-August, when it is published bi-monthly at 160 Claremont Ave., New York, N.Y...
...However, the literature presents no viable solutions to the problems facing the people, and, while buying time for the elites of the United States and other countries, it and other propaganda like it will not dissolve dissent...
...Vietnam!-- film produced at the cost of a quarter of a million dollars, directed by John Ford which purports to justify U.S...
...But when we know that we have communicated our foreign policy objectives--when we know that we have indeed shown some balance, however small--when we know we have put on thousands of screens throughout the world why we feel proud to be Americans--then we hope we have provided a service to our country...
...5. Robert E. Elder, The Information Machine...
...Tamuco...
...imperial message...
...U.S...
...do IS, OOO 18,026 15, OOO Agencywide magazmes-Pioduced locally and in Washnglon by IPS...
...Twenty-one hours of programming in Portuguese are also directed at Latin America...
...James Aronson, The Press and the Cold War (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrillj 1970), p. 51...
...Publications The Americans consider their cultural centers abroad to be as important as their military bases, industrial plants and corporations...
...48-53) Univ...
...Ecuador .. .Monthly...
...It should come as no surprise that in their broadcasts to Latin America, the VOA makes extensivgouse of gusanos, (anti-Castro Cuban exiles...
...They emphasized that Angela was on trial for criminal charges and denied the existence of a genocide campaign against black militants...
...The Senate Foreign Relations Committee finally approved funds for a year.- 16 - A Picture Is Worth A Thousand...
...multi-national corporations and their foreign policy...
...Venezuela: Caracas...
...900 Verhum . . Lima FeU...
...USIA: They are not attributed to the U.S...
...The official replied: USIA: Well sir, I don't think it was in terms of advertising...
...Cordoba...
...Many also say the restrictions have been tightened...
...Argentina: Buenos Aires Comodore Rivadavia...
...Television is a particularly developed medium in this Andean nation and is very influential...
...60-62) Free Europe Comm...
...The military have taken it over...
...IECOP, Quito Mdterranean Research Associates...
...In Ecuador, the USIA produced and financed four pamphlets (15,000 copies) explaining the positive contributions of private investment in Ecuador's petroleum sector...
...He took the film to the USIA to work on the narration...
...as "guidance" for news stories or editorials, suggesting that any flooding that may occur in North Vietnam this year will be a result of Hanoi's failure to adequately repair dikes weakened by the 1971 floods...
...Congressmen began to urge a U.S...
...An important aspect of the USIA publications program is the distribution of books which mobilize support for U.S...
...38-46) Ambassador to Iran - (46-48) Asst...
...SFRC, pp...
...Government) are men...
...The Chairman: Attitude...
...United States Government Organization Manual, 1971-72, Superintendent of Documents, U.S...
...Dixon and Delano, California...
...3 3 Another example of USIA cooperation with private corporations is its activities in Mexico with Proctor & Gamble...
...The United States Information Agency and American Foreign Policy.(Syracuse: Syracuse s University Press, 1968), pp...
...Oleksiw said, "At least some of the recipients...got that impression...
...military only in Asia...
...Ecu or...
...The news may be good, or bad...
...Vietnam...
...Present U.S...
...Manaus...
...JAMES MICHENER One of the United States' most prolific authors (Bridges at Toko Ri, Iberia, Hawaii, and The Source, among others), Michener has traveled extensively and brings to the USIA Advisory Commission a familiarity with various cultures around the world...
...Yet, in the recent hearings, Fulbright compelled VOA Director Giddens to make certain admissions about its operations: The Chairman: Before I go on...I want to complete what your concept is of what we are doing and if it is in our interest to educate the world and to bring them fine things...
...Boroeaba...
...A Puntes...
...Below is a random sample of programming for Latin America, one hour prime time on March 20, 1972, from 8:00 to 9:00 in the evening: 8 p.m...
...Whenever a USIA post has cooperated with a particular American company, it was to promote such more general aims, not to advertise the company's commercial interests...
...As I understand it, we put up the money for this paper but policy decisions were those of the Lao...
...are they all attributed to MACV or how do they appear...
...This concept does not take into account the social and economic conditions of the underdeveloped world, which have been repeatedly ignored even by reformist governments...
...and SFRC, p. 328...
...Senator Fulbright questioned a USIA official as to why the Agency conducted advertising for such large companies that can well afford their own...
...Tacun...
...2) Opinion 3/20 #l--Nixon busing...
...counterinsurgency think tanks: he served as a trustee of the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) and today is a trustee of the Rand Corporation...
...invasion of the Dominican Republic...
...7 3 "El Desengaino": The Deception Much of what has been described in this article is dramatically revealed in El Desengaio (The Deception), a comic book produced by the USIA in 1969...
...Trustee Columbia Broadcast System (CBS)- (35-61) Dir...
...military is active, there is a Psychological Operations Committee headed by the senior USIA man in the country...
...Sao Luite...
...LAOS Aside from its activities in Vietnam, the USIA was acting as the Ministry of Information CI-8for the Laotian Government in 1969, according to the March 1972 Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings...
...5 2 Subsequent books subsidized for external use by the Agency and later sold inside the United States, but never attributed to USIA, include: Terror in Vietnam (D...
...During appropriation hearings for that year, the newly appointed director of USIA, Frank Shakespeare, said that the USIA television programs would be aimed at the underdeveloped countries of Latin America, Asia, Africa and the Middle East...
...14, 1964 Dec...
...Problems of Communism...
...Giddens: Well, that would be the ultimate one which would justify the spending of the money....58 The VOA programming has three parts: 1) news, 2) feature programs and commentary, and 3) music-- American jazz, rock, folk...
...Euador .Monthly...
...USIA shorts are often shown in theaters along with regular feature movies...
...Special zr1a...
...The Chairman: Isn't it quite possible that maybe this kind of activity lends credence to their charges...
...Arntina, Brazil...
...Costa Ra .M . onthly 500 7098 500 Entoq ue Gerales...
...Among other charges made against us by countries is the big corporations run the country, and that the participation of the ordinary people, that is our professions of democracy are attacked, and that isn't really a democracy...
...Yet, all over the world, in 109 countries, the United States Information Service (USIS, USIA's overseas name) is the place to buy cheap pro-U.S...
...Prof...
...Jujuy: Mendoza...
...58-65) WXIX, Milwaukee - Gen...
...Many of the stories coming out of the publications division carry the message that U.S...
...5 6 -- Henry Loomis, head of VOA for seven years The Voice of America (VOA) is the most widely known division of the USIA...
...San Francisco...
...U. S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business, 1970...
...3000 .791 Actualites...
...SFRC, p. 172...
...Senator Symington: Are we continuing with that publication...
...Is that not correct...
...Especially in the Third World, it is becoming a coordinator of U.S...
...of Labor - (54-56) Special Assistant & Consultant to Pres...
...Senator Symington: Mr...
...positions...
...Giddens: This is a very powerful in-- 15 - strument because this gives them a picture ot America, American life, what it thinks, and all that type of thing...
...Dir...
...The Agency stripped its most capable and often its youngest people from posts throughout the world, and in the next year nearly 150 USIS operatives moved into Vietnam...
...actions in Vietnam...
...American war propaganda efforts in Vietnam have not ended with the demise of JUSPAO...
...Ibid., p. 181...
...Overseas activity increased and in 1942 the OWI produced the first Voice of America (VOA) broadcasts...
...and Greenville, North Carolina...
...Asst...
...Ecuador...
...Some polls deal primarily with "economic" issues in the host nation as these examples from Latin America show: 3 8 OPINION RESEARCH FUNDED BY THE AGENCY IN FISCAL YEAR 1972 REA/country TiUt Contractor Latin America: Clombla...
...Ibid., p. 334...
...222...
...VP (35-44) Pres...
...The Chairman: I mean it isn't cultural in its purpose...
...sources: 1. "Selling America to the World," The New York Times, November 27, 1972...
...Chillan...
...Washington Post, March 15, 1972...
...military aid or policymaking...
...34 In Colombia too, the USIA endeavors to protect the $691-million worth of U.S investments...
...With this inspiration, they then returned to Mexico to tell their people that the filth that Proctor & Gamble was creating in Mexico was being cleaned up by this exemplary company with its new "anti- pollution technology...
...A graduate of the U.S...
...SFRC, p. 181...
...books and publications, and offer an elaborate schedule of movies, exhibits, lectures, and other "cultural" events open to the public...
...SFRC, p. 48 -- emphasis ours...
...Washington, D C...
...presidential campaigns...
...Uberaba...
...The comic is representative of attempts by the U.S...
...Secretary of State - (48-50) Ambassador to Yugoslavia - (50-53) Ambassador to India & Nepal - (53-55) Asst...
...61, 63...
...American Negro Reference Book (Prentice-Hall) by John P. Davis...
...The USIA wanted them to be independent because otherwise, they say, the stations would not be credible...
...4 4 Press and ] The publications division of the USIA is the principal source of printed materials disseminated abroad by the Agency...
...D.C: Mathdida Stphenson...
...that it has anonymously printed literature for private U.S...
...The USIA does not send television crews abroad, but does assist foreign filmmakers coming to the United States to make special documentaries about America...
...All of this costs a lot of money...
...Did they step into your shoes...
...He quotes from 1966 Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings, which reveal that the U.S...
...The New York Times, June 13, 1972...
...His expertise in the business of measuring and influencing public opinion is no doubt in great demand at the USIA, which is constantly trying to create a favorable public opinion abroad towards U.S...
...The BiNational Centers (BNC) provide English language courses, maintain libraries (often the only and most complete in town) stocked with U.S...
...prlne in Colombia...
...Asked about the Agency's concept of "truth," Giddens explained that essentially whatever a government official said, was seen as the truth...
...But in places like Malaysia, Taiwan, the Philippines, our programs are ideal...
...Authors on the list included Ronald Reagan, William F. Buckley ( a former member of the USIA's Advisory Commission), Ayn Rand, Barry Goldwater, Max Rafferty, and other leading lights of the American right-wing...
...United States Information Agency Appropriations Authorization, Fiscal Year 1973...
...Army Command and General Staff College, notes that psychological warfare -- or psychological operations (psyop) as it is now called -- is "designed to get others to respond in ways beneficial to achieving our goals...
...Barrett, Military Review, Op...
...Rosario...
...Manila...
...One of the reasons I think it is important for us to do the printing is because we are saving the U.S...
...Fulbright scholarship students often teach courses at the BNC's...
...on the implications of foreign opinion for the present and contemplated US policies, programs and official statements...
...7 2 Bruce Herschsohn, the ex-head of the USIA Motion Picture Division who recently resigned in protest over what he called Fulbright's "simplistic, naive and stupid" view of foreign affairs, extolled the value of the USIA for the United States: No propagandist--and that is what I believe we are--can scientifically evaluate the success of his product in terms of what it does, collectively or individually, to a man's mind...
...Wilson Riles-- a film on the black superintendent of the California School System, which attempts to show how black people are gaining power through legitimate channels...
...Leading representatives of the Mexican communications industry, government and scientific communities came with USIA escorts as guests of the U.S...
...Utilca rrrJ.- 14 - own language, called double double-talk...
...political and economic interests...
...Dep...
...Report to the Americas) 1) William McCrory/4PM...
...SFRC, p. 371...
...Bimonthly 2 000 138227 2.000 Progreso...
...The Chairman: Then am I fair in saying that it is to sell the world our foreign policy...
...Paraguay: Asuncon...
...One Senator remarked that he thought the program was good, but felt it ought to be carried out by the CIA...
...of Int'l...
...A recent (fairly typical) Agency memo regarding the 10th anniversary of the Berlin Wall directed all field offices to design programs whose message -6should be that Communist societies inevitably turn into prisons where men daily risk their lives in an effort to flee to freedom...
...000 5. 86 1.0O El Corro Grafico...
...Even without these documents, the hearings revealed a great deal: that the USIA has been cooperating with the U.S...
...Ibid., p. 321...
...Eisenhower - (57-61) Dept...
...The major theme is the importance of maintaining stability, and, that while change can be beneficial, it must be controlled from the top...
...26-28) Pathe Exchange, Inc...
...As pointed out in a recent Newsweek article, some propaganda watchers in Africa think the USIA is obsessed with America's racial problems...
...Sec.(65-68) Columbia Univ...
...Psychological warfare' became a common term, as civilians using leaflets, loudspeakers and radio broadcasts worked in psycho-warfare units...
...Worldwide...
...Guatemala: Guatemala City...
...Giddens: To explain it and promote it...
...of Pittsburgh Law Sch.- Dean (53-54) Under Sec...
...The USIA Assistant Director for Asia and the Pacific told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee during the March 1972 hearings: We have provided the GVN [Government of Vietnam] with a television system -- a four station, interlocking network which covers 65 percent of the country...
...overseas libraries and propaganda distribution...
...Hermosillo...
...Known as Operation Phoenix, this program was incorporated into the CORDS (Civil Operations and Rural Development Support...
...They leave with their questions unanswered...
...In Cambodia, Thailand and Laos the USIA has been particularly active in psychological warfare operations...
...an English tourist guide, attributed to a local taxi union in Ecuador...
...These officers often seek left-liberal potential leaders for these programs and arrange meetings between student leaders and American businessmen to "promote understanding" (read: undermine dissent) between the two groups...
...5 7 During the recent USIA Appropriations Hearings, a recommended cut of $45 million would have most heavily affected the VOA broadcasts...
...8:30 p.m...
...Thus Congress, in an Amendment to the Foreign Aid Acts passed a law in early 1971 requring the USIA to present its budget yearly to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC) for closer scrutiny...
...Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., p. 523...
...Bucaramanga...
...GEORGE GALLUP Once research director for one of the world's largest advertising agencies, Young & Rubicam, Gallup is now one of the leading surveyors of public opinion -- through his celebrated "Gallup Poll...
...Government money...
...VP WTCN-TV & Radio, Minneapolis - Mgr...
...San Juan...
...They can pay for their own pamphlets...
...Monthly...
...which functions here as in other countries overseas as the U.S...
...Inter-Amercan Res,,arch...
...It is to achieve a political purpose...
...41-44) Foreign Economic Admin...
...society is "flexible," that the "internal" problems of the LUS are being resolved, that LUS foreign policy is not imperialist, that revolutionary solutions are not necessary to change the system--in short, that progressive changes are occuring and that justice prevails...
...The essential difference between this wire service and others (like United Press International or Associated Press) is that the USIA service is the official outlet for the 4S...
...The New York Times, January 27, 1953...
...Santos...
...Belligerently simple-minded, necrophiliac in its frequent close-ups of bloated corpses and mutilated children, the film subtly blames the Democrats for our involvement in Vietnam and makes the anti-war movement look like a pack of craven imbeciles...
...then when you get down to persuade, as we attempt to do through our commentaries, then you have created a frame of reference and trust in which we hope that they respond affirmatively, and I think we have created many, many friends for this Nation that way, and people understand us...
...Dominican Republc...
...In 1948 the Smith-Mundt Act was signed, creating an information service and laying the groundwork for the establishment of the USIA five years later...
...SFRC, p. 431...
...Ibid., p. 336...
...We know of instances when whole villages crowded around one TV set...
...The Agency is rarely in the news except during an appropriations hearing or when an overseas center or library is the target of a demonstration or bomb...
...4. Charles Windle and T.R...
...The USIA higherups said "it was unduly critical of America and the Communists would take advantage...
...Recently there has been controversy about the future funding of the stations...
...The publisher also sold copies of the book in the United States, under the title, Caribbean Crisis: Subversion Fails in the Dominican Republic.'Novhere in the book does it mention that the book was originally produced for the USIA...
...54-57...
...Many of the things we put out are not attributed, but everything we put out is attributable: Nothing that 54 we do would we deny doing...
...James Aronson, ex-editor of the National Guardian, in his book, The Press and the Cold War, traces how the USIA got the support of the international press in early coverage of the Vietnam War...
...Responding to world-wide interest in the Angela Davis case, for example, the USIA distributed information about her situation, seen from the point of view of her prosecutors, while at the same time attempting to convince the world that blacks are gaining political power "within the system," to portray her trial as an example of democracy at work, and to counter claims (particularly in Soviet and Eastern European media) that she was on trial for being a black woman Communist...
...Under the Nixon administration...
...We have provided them with a radio network, and a four station network which covers 95 percent of the country...
...In this repect, the USIA, with all its cultural programs, is a giant ad agency, carrying the U.S...
...He had scenes-already shown on NBC--of a police round-up of aliens in a "Red Scare" in this country following the 1917 revolution in the Soviet Union...
...4) .6 4 .0 4a 0.o - S 4) S - Ed 0 .Cs 0 o r; G o 04~p 00 )4 .. 0 0 1 b 4 0 8 8 l 0 u a 4) 0 8 0 g 0 S...
...Military Review, March...
...Government...
...In June 1972 for example, Voice of America began broadcasting 13 hours a day to North Vietnam announcing the names of North Vietnamese prisoners of war, in an effort to undermine the fighting morale of people in the North...
...of HEW - Consultant (63-65, 70-71) Pres.' Council of Economic Advisors - (68) Duke Univ...
...or to Box 226, Berkeley, California 94701...
...BNC's and reading rooms are located not only in the capitals or large cities, but also in smaller towns, as the following list of Latin American BNC's shows: USIA-SUPPORTED BINATIONAL CENTERS 45 L4en Aterio...
...Delegate to Int'l...
...USIA: They are doing psychological operations in Laos...
...Shakespeare: No...
...The Washington Post, August 14, 1972...
...Mexico: Chihuabua...
...2) It encourages foreign publishers to publish works from the United States...
...USIA: In the case of Laos, sir, they were doing some different things but at the same time as ours...
...SUBSCRIPTIONS: $6 per year for individuals ($11 for two years...
...Dir...
...Valiance, "The Future of Military Psychology," American Psychologist, Vol...
...Bri...
...The Los Angeles Times, January 3, 1972...
...San Jose...
...4 04) 40 0 0 4 S. 0 S...
...84, 85...
...FlortanopoUs...
...Staff Writer (50-61) State Dept...
...Santo Domingo...
...37 This goal is implemented through research surveys that are directed by the Agency...
...Nicaragua: Managua...
...Bethesda...
...A primary aim in Colombia is to "Alert Colombians to the dangers of Communist solutions to national problems...
...San Jose...
...7 All long documentaries are attributed to the USIA, but the theater distributor or television manager may decide to cut off the credit...
...In 1969, the Agency began to emphasize the production of television films rther than regular full-length movies...
...As the possibility of U.S...
...government and the virtues of the free enterprise system, is in mango respects an outgrowth of the techniques employed by domestic advertising agencies to create false needs for their client's products...
...Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972, p. 10...
...USIA: Sir, I only know that we do provide the printing for them...
...43-55) Fed...
...The broadcast caused such II I I cc---X I I I II i I i I I I - --- --- I-4 THE MIND-BENDERS The USIA's highly developed art of psycho-warfare, utilized to convince the Third World of the "benevolence" of the U.S...
...The Agency produces more than 1000 movies and television programs yearly...
...2. "The Imperial Team/Latin America," The NACLA NEWSLETTER, Vol...
...information programs in Latin America...
...Ro de Janeiro...
...Panel after panel entices the reader to identify with Jose (who looks conspicuously like a Peace Corps volunteer) and to accept the Agency's conclusions...
...The New York Times, June 13, 1972...
...32-51...
...Dir...
...The Digest, founded in 1922 by DeWitt Wallace (a staunch Nixon supporter and frequent guest at White House social functions), is today published in fourteen languages and distributed in over 100 countries...
...Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, NinetySecond Congress, 2dd session, March 20, 21, and 23, 1972...
...zI do...
...There's no such thing as all day programming...
...393, 394...
...Cunritiba...
...The Agency itself often has reports on its operations...
...Dominican Republic: Santiago...
...USIA subsequently relinquished these activities to the Psychological Operations Group of the U.S...
...and that it has produced other materials never attributed to the Agency...
...of Talks & Education - (35-37) European Dir...
...Camptnaa: Caxias do ul...
...Experiences during World War I had an important impact on attitudes toward psychological warfare...
...Sao Paulo...
...The stations could not be placed under the State Department or the USIA because they were not supposed to be putting out official policy...
...3 0 USIA and the Yanqui Dollar In addition to its paramilitary activities, the USIA attempts to create conditions conducive to U.S...
...In its effort to manipulate world opinion and sell the image of the United States, the USIA has helped foreign correspondents cover stories concerning the U.S...
...Conf...
...Largely staffed by exiles from the USSR and Eastern Europe, both stations deal primarily with Soviet Bloc news...
...5 0 To cite another example of Agency attempts to manipulate the media: at the beginning of the 1965 revolt in the Dominican Republic, there were three USIS people in the country...
...image...
...Trjillo...
...The pamphlets were attributed to the Texaco and Gulf corporations, although they had been produced (if not written) by the USIA...
...it was translated into 21 languages and distributed in 104 countries...
...The Chairman: Yours are psychological operations...
...Ibid., p. 172-173...
...They were working more with the Lao military...
...Informatlon Service, is distributing aerial photographs to local newspapers of the 1971 flooding in North Vietnam...
...Government provided and financed transportation to bring at least 35 correspondents from Europe and Asia to Vietnam...
...6 1 The facilities that the VOA builds, while fulfilling America's propaganda needs, are also used for the propaganda programs of those countries, many of which are known for their repressive and totalitarian regimes...
...government to coopt, and if necessary repress, the growing demand for autonomy and self-determination throughout the world...
...The U.S...
...Films are also shown in commercial theaters...
...The agency...
...1 Whatever their "effectiveness," these are clearly not in line with USIA's offical image as the peaceful messenger of culture and goodwill...
...RSC Meco...
...00"B !S , '. ; 4 0. :9 i 01 0Gs ' A W 2 a11 t 3 %Y 8. Zasa Sdg a 3 "18 a3 1 It i is s o %a C 3 a5 a _ gfa 3 Wo Y J o O _ .. o ri~E ei ir v iw is le 9, Z a I ' o r . K PI kd I I v I - e o 0 v b r. 19 4 . A u c z I .. a Vt...
...4 6 The Agency field offices receive the materials via radio-teletype and mail, and use them in various ways: for placement in local media, for circulation to influential contacts, as sources of information for staff guidance and briefing, and for publication in locally produced materials...
...Asst...
...Itapetininga...
...45-53) Mutual Broadcasting System - (35-44...
...41 m-, 0, C- 12 - The USIA puts out 36 regular periodicals in 29 languages...
...17 000 48 167 18...
...This material consists of news releases, official statements and feature stories that give out the "correct" U.S...
...military personnel in the country and with the local military officers...
...Chmn...
...VOA broadcasts are brought to listeners around the world by a network of 123 powerful transmitters -- 47 are located in the United States: in Bethany, Ohio...
...It also includes such tidbits as: "Not all come to protest...
...Aside from inserting USIA stories and ideas into the reading matter of foreign publics, USIA drafts members of the international press corps into the USIA propaganda team and commissions authors to write specific articles or books to fit the needs of the USIA...
...a Pz . Bolva...
...The Chairman: Many of the things USIA is doing for this 7th Psychological Operations Group is the sort of things USIA would do in other countries...
...propaganda...
...10.000 9, 00 1 .. Gua.s...
...4 In addition, in insurgency situations, its role is to undermine a people's will to resist and to provide non-communist (read: American) solutions to problems causing those situations...
...In 1942, the Office of War Information (OWI) was set up to direct the government's domestic information activities, its cultural operations, U.S...
...The New York Times, August 24, 1970...
...Barrikade-- a review of the ten year history of the Berlin Wall with the implication, in Frank Shakespeare's words, "that the Communists have to lock up their people...
...Some examples from Latin America: America: DATE Feb...
...Foreign Service career begins - (30) State Dept., Middle East Div...
...It included, among other things: articles on population control, distributed in the Dominican Republic...
...Ibid., pp...
...JOHN M. SHAHEEN Shaheen is the prime mover behind the controversial proposed refinery and dutyfree zone at Machiasport, Maine and is chairman of Shaheen Natural Resources Corp...
...The Order called for the USIA to lend appropriate support in psychological warfare to the military command in the theatre of active military operations and provide daily guidance and basic information materials...
...Michael T. Klare, War Without End, American Blanning for the Next Vietnams,(New York: Vintage BQks, 1972), p. 265...
...we are not..We have ceased all activities in Laos which would in effect be acting as a ministry of information of the Government of Laos...
...foreign policy objectives by influencing public attitudes in other nations, and advising the President, his representatives abroad...
...6 2 Radio Free Europe & Radio Liberty: Air Wave Imperialism Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty are NOT part of the Voice of America or USIA operations...
...Bogota Opinon lrmbia...
...Prof...
...Information Service...
...Radio Free Europe focuses on Eastern Europe and Radio Liberty on the Soviet Union...
...to General Counsel (42-46) Cohn & Marks - Law Partner (46-65...
...The point was to change foreigners' conceptions of increased militancy among Third World people in the United States...
...In late 1971, JUSPAO advisors were supposedly recalled from the premises of Saigon's Ministry of Information...
...Given these premises, revolutionary alternatives are pictured as unnecessary and unviable...
...We don't get a lot of placement in the sophisticated European countries, or some place like Japan, where commercial TV is so highly developed...
...In addition to "advising" the Vietnamese on content for newspapers and radio shows, running field propaganda activities with Vietnamese officials,- 7and producing leaflets for airdrops, over 5 1/2 billion leaflets in 1967 - 180 for every man, woman and child of North and South Vietnam...
...Frank Stanton of the CBS network trusteed two major U.S...
...1 5 The principal USIS officer in the country was given command of all Americans, civilian and military, engaged in psychological warfare and propaganda...
...I i- 10 - OPINION SURVEYS Included in the goals for the USIA, as John Kennedy stated them in 1963, is the following...
...72) FRANK J. SHAKESPEARE (1969-Dresent) ARTHUR LARSON (1956-57) Office of Price Admin...
...Advisory Commission on Information was created...
...A recent article in Military Review, a publication of the U.S...
...Peking and Peoples War by Major General Sam Griffith...
...45-47) Council on Foreign Relations - Member Procter & Gamble - Salesman (47-48) WOR-TV, N.Y...
...6 Between the two wars, the United States officially did little systematic work to mold world opinion...
...that is not what I said Senator...It may very well be and I would assume it has been stopped...
...It has been in operation since the early days of World War II, when it opened its first broadcast in German with the words: "Daily at this time we shall speak to you about America and the war...
...SFRC, p. 278...
...Tucuman...
...19, #2, February...
...57-58) CBS-TV (65-69) - in charge of TV foreign investments, worldwide distribution of TV programs and news services to foreign TV ( u...
...Korea, Worldwide En glsh,FrenchSponah, Quartedy...
...fore the monsoon season in North Vietnam even starts...
...Cit., p. 66...
...Attitudes Toward Foreign Enter- Inter-Amerca A.C . Bogota...
...35 000 174,623 35...
...Ibid., p. 295...
...In a melodramatic ending, Nixon pronounces, "the loudest sound is not the only one which should be listened to...
...Policy Concerning Publication in Laos Senator Symington: You tell me, as I understand it, that this newspaper which we backed, and which had a circulation over 10 times greater than any other newspaper in Laos, has been stopped, right?Mr...
...Senators Smith and Mundt toured Europe in 1947 and reported that the Communists were "conducting n aggressive psychological warfare against us...
...The Americans know that cultural domination affords to them power and glory throughout the world no less than economic or military domination...
...Counsel then said, "So this appears as a document or program sponsored by the Royal Laotian Government...
...Ibid...
...6 6 Echoes-- an impressionistic version of the supposed heroes and ideals in Americanl national life...
...Santiago del Estero...
...Each USIS post has a lending library which makes films available free -- with operator and projector if necessary -- to any group requesting them...
...32 During the course of the March 1972 hearings, testimony revealed that the USIA does in fact advertise for particular companies...
...Nearly all of the people in decision-making positions in the USIA (and the U.S...
...School of Int'l...
...7 0 The motion picture division of the Agency is very adept at manipulating images...
...2 0 JUSPAO "advisors" worked on these programs which are euphemistically called "rural and hamlet pacification programs...
...Concepeion...
...Like Gallup, Stanton is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.-5USIA Directors THEODORE C. STREIBERT (1953-56) Harvard Business Schl.- Asst...
...in the cold war "these operations are directed toward friendly and neutral as well as enemy countries...
...Inshtuto IPSA...
...Londrina...
...Bogota...
...1 2 During the recent hearings, Fulbright remarked that few people outside the Agency still believe in the old monolithic communist conspiratorial theory...
...60-66) State Dept...
...Education - Asst...
...The Baltimore Sun, September 22, 1968...
...Ibid., pp...
...In the nineteen Latin American countries where the Agency operates, this theme receives particular emphasis...
...Vieoa...
...Monterrey...
...Senator Fulbright and other critics have attacked the USIA and particularly its Voice of America operations for being a "cold war relic...
...economy and Latin aid policies opens (with actualities of Dr...
...policy at home and abroad to the audience...
...USIA posts throughout the world were instructed to encourage visits by foreign correspondents to Vietnam...
...l Many foreign correspondents who have been interviewed in regard to Agency assistance to filmmakers claim that when the USIA provides them with studio facilities, it monitors and sometimes censors their work...
...To effectively update and monitor the Agency's activities,, the U.S...
...Van Nostrand) by Jay Mallin...
...Assistant Secretary of State William Benton led the fight for a peacetime information service...
...In recent years, however, the USIA's role as a propaganda agency of the U.S...
...SFRC, p. 72...
...li, .0~g~ ~4-0 B p. 4 -~ 4...
...ana...
...Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., or from the specific committee in Congress conducting the hearings...
...Vlitoria...
...Manezales...
...Honduras...
...In most countries the Agency is the main source for textbooks, films and other materials the Fulbright students use when giving courses at local schools and universities.- 11 - The BNCs also serve as contact points where the USIA cultural affairs officers can identify the "best" possible participants for educational exchange programs...
...The USIA was recently requested to submit to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee a list of materials that it produced but that it had not openly authored...
...Huancayo...
...The New York Times, November 20, 1966, and Newsweek May 15, 1972...
...Asked why the list was classified, the USIA gave its position in its Girls Staff San Francisco Chronicle Bookmobe September 12, 1972 Bookmobile Books donatd by the United Stats Government are reaching villagers in the Central L u z o n provinces through a library on wheels...
...Agency officials contacted Jay Mallin, the anti-communist correspondent who covered the Dominican Republic story for Time and had already written a book on Cuba...
...By June 1972, JUSPAO was supposed to revert to a "normal" USIS cultural and information program...
...2 5 In Thailand USIS has distributed comic books in the Thai language glamorizing 1he combat operations of Thai troops in Vietnam...
...Few American know what the USIA is or does...
...do...
...1 7 In 1969 JUSPAO had 700 employees in Vietnam...
...58GEORGE V. ALLEN (1957-60) U.S...
...The NACLA Research Methodology Guide gives additional suggestions on how to conduct this type of research...
...I am not familiar with the details...
...63 Film -- whether on the silver screen, television or in a back room-- is one of the most powerful media for generating North American values and undercutting indigenous or traditional ones...
...And they need programs for their schedules...
...San Luis Potosi...
...It is interesting to note that Henry Loomis resigned in 1965 after being Director of the VOA for seven years, because of what he claimed were too many "outside controls" over the Voice...
...The following is a more detailed summary of the USIA Directors and Advisorg Commission members...
...NORLOP...
...military intervention was over, a top man from Washington USIA headquarters was in the Dominican Republic, with a task force of 20, running the local radio station, trying to justify the situation to enraged Latin Americans, and playing middle-i n with the American press covering the story...
...Cartagena Cucuta...
...Government spokesmen currently claim that JUSPAO activities in Vietnam, like the war itself, are being "Vietnamized" through a program of phased withdrawal" by the United States from operations of the Vietnamese government...
...Military Academy at West Point, he has also guided the operations of two of the major U.S...
...Their texts can be obtained from the U.S...
...As part of a USIS drive to "put race relations in America into realistic perspective...
...He refused and made complaints to higher officials...
...3) Louise Kelleher reviews status of Chilean debt discussions...
...However, when Shakespeare--a known right-winger-entered the USIA in 1969, he chose Loomis as his deputy director...
...I am hopeful that with the massive development of communications we shall be able to live in a world where free access to the minds of people everywhere will enable us to achieve our goals through competition in thoughts rather than in armaments and power pressures...
...Tax Other polls are more "political," they reveal attitudes toward insurgent movements which can be used in guiding future U.S...
...2 4 This committee works with U.S...
...Is that right...
...But the USIA is not merely a "cold *note: usage of the male gender (e.g...
...69- ) Int'l...
...Newsweek, May 15, 1972...
...Ibid., p. 268...
...reads: "United States Information Agency: Telling America's Story to the World...
...Mx.co Investlgadores de Market- Ing Asoc , Buenos Aires...
...A recent example of this programming is a series of news features, magazine articles and Voice of America broadcasts on "The Changing South...
...In response to Nazi economic penetration and propaganda in Latin America, the State Department established a Division of Cultural Relations directed at the Western Hemisphere in 1938...
...of Foreign Offices (32-35...
...They play watchdog and decide what news the people are not hearing, what they should be hearing, and what a better interpretation of the news would be...
...The major Lao and Chinese language daily newspapers here have already run frontpage stories about the posbility of floods In North Vietnam, using the 1971 photos supplied by the U.S...
...This event marked the first time a Latin American government permitted an outright takeover, "an unsettling precedent for the BNC's operating in every Latin American country except Cuba...
...throughout the article is deliberate...
...The Psychological Strategy Board was created in 1951 during the Korean War...
...44-45) Cornell Law School - Assoc...
...The emphasis is selective, geared toward reaching key government people and "multipliers" of opinion--the press, students, teachers--with information and journalistic "services" such as background briefings, press kits and speech texts...
...On April 6, 1970, President Nixon further legitimized this newer role of the USIA through Executive Order 11522, assigning the Agency certain emergency functions...
...This is what happened when the Agency wanted a book which would ustify the 1965 U.S...
...Lima...
...Bmonthly...
...Then, when you do it consistently over a period of time, they find out you tell them the truth on everything, that you are not lying to them, you are not twisting things...
...Guadalajara...
...In the countries where the Agency operates, the universal theme is the need for the host countries "to achieve an increasing understanding of the role of foreign investment...
...Golanla...
...Recently the USIS office in Calcutta had to order American flags by the dozen because so many were burned by demonstrators...
...After the CIA stopped funding them, Nixon wanted to get $40 million for the two stations...
...Dean Funes...
...Address all mail to Box 57, Cathedral Station New York, N.Y...
...Panama: Panama City...
...One official said that the Agency's "only goal was to see that the United States got a fair trial overseas...
...The Los Angeles Times, January 3, 1972, an 68...
...1964, p. 121...
...The Chairman: This would look as if the Army under the psychological operation is doing for the Laotian Government the same kind of public relations work that the USIA had said it had quit doing...
...Oleksiw stated his testimony in the fall of 1969...
...Peru: Arequipa...
...The message is that black political power, obtained through "legitimate channels," is a possible alternative to revolutionary solutions...
...image...
...Asst...
...We were doing that when I came into office...
...The "commentaries" are usually editorials that justify U.S...
...3,600 7.202 2.600 Portlal . Santo Domingo...
...Presidente P-undente...
...It was trying to create a more favorable local attitude, atmosphere for foreign investment...
...Besides counseling the USIA, the Commission members travel to USIA posts around the globe to receive first hand briefings on the American propaganda campaign...
...The Chairman:...you had ceased to do this sort of thing in Laos...
...12 per year for institutions ($22 for two years...
...The USIA directors and Advisory members are qualified psycho-warfare experts through their experience in media, advertising, and foreign service...
...The VOA is reported to reach about 59 million people a week...
...When the OWI emphasized news output in the U.S...
...They visited Proctor & Gamble headquarters in Cincinnati to see what "progress" the company was making with detergents and pollution...
...The VOA operates on a budget of over $50 million a year with a staff of more than 2,300 people working abroad and in the United States...
...USIA Origins The USIA is the heir to wartime military psychological activities...
...Foreign Service Institute - Dir...
...and foreign military troops...
...They provide information and "orientation" to foreign students before they leave for the United States...
...ef : s e: 9 fa r a be A P g: b, _ es R v m 0 4 I- 30 - Many people have shown interest in researching particular agencies in the U.S...
...Communications Comn...
...Government agencies...
...Marathon, Florida...
...are marked by walls of guards, guns and terror...
...Ibid., p. 183...
...DATOS...
...while the Agency is always willing to cite their rigin if asked, it does not wish to specifically stimulate publicity about the attribution...
...1965 May 20, 1970 TITLE Peasant attitudes in Northeast Brazil Latin American attitudes in the wake of the Dominican invasion Venezuelan university students after graduation: Their media habits, political interest and orientation and other selected characteristics And from Vietnam-JUSPAO April, 1969 Saigon public attitudes August, 1969 Public attitudes in Hue and Danang August, 1970 Public attitudes in Quang Tri 39 These opinion surveys are classified for at least two years after publication...
...Fine, we say, Senator Brooke and Thurgood Marshall are getting ahead...
...In 1971, for example, an American Military Assistanee Advisory Group advisor to the Colombian army asked the USIA to print 10,000 copies of a comic book which had been prepared by the Colombian army...
...Research Corp Mexico Malkehng Mom...
...Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y.-3 war relic...
...La Paz . . Bohva Quartery . 4.500 15.110 4. 500 Dilogo...
...The head of the USIA abroad is part of the Ambassadors' Country Team...
...3) It commissions authors to write manuscripts on subjects for which it can find no previously published book that suits the Agency purposes...
...The USIA acknowledges that it is also assisting the Ministry of Information in its relations with the foreign press...
...There TV is still so much a novelty...
...Ibid., p. 168...
...SC Meuico .. Hat...
...Ibid., 263...
...48-51) CBS - Spot Sales (51-54) WCBS-TV - Gen.Sales Mgr...
...SFRC, p. 369-370...
...In 1945 Truman incorporated the OWI and Rockefeller's OIAA into the State Department, recommending that studies be made to suggest future operations...
...The Digest's conservative and anti-communist editorial policy makes it one of the most widely distributed publications at the Agency's BiNational Centers around the globe...
...1972, p. 57...
...By May 1971, 20,587 people had been killed under the Phoenix program...
...I want to understand if that is the purpose...not just education, but persuasion to our point of view...
...Valparaiso...
...line on events inside the United States (such as the Angela Davis trial) or foreign policy (Nixon's trip to China...
...BINATIONAL CENTERS The USIA maintains 127 Binational centers in 31 countries around the world...
...companies...
...Ibid., p. 389...
...Chiclayo: Cuzco...
Vol. 6 • September 1972 • No. 7
